Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Drivers Of Trust In Pediatric Health Care: Role Of Empathy And Communication, Allison Mcglynn, J. Nathan Hagstrom Md, Mhcm, Helen Julia

Research Scholars Poster Presentation

No abstract provided.

Virtual Health Care Career Exploration, Emily Deschler, Elizaveta Makarova, Abby Heilenman, Tipsuda Sopho, Emily Kidd, Nick Defulvio, Isaiah Martino, Sarah A. Jones Sapienza Md, Martin A. Martino Md

Research Scholars Poster Presentation

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury: A Review Of Literature And Case Report, Dima Khalil, Natasha Kuklis, Sarah A. Jones Sapienza Md, Shadi Shojaei Md

Research Scholars Poster Presentation

No abstract provided.

Clinical Presentation, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Findings, And Prognosis Of Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy - An Experience From Pakistan, Intisar Ahmed, Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan

Section of Cardiology

Objectives: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart-muscle disease, characterized by fibro-fatty replacement and ventricular arrhythmias, that primarily affects the right ventricle (RV). We aimed to look at the clinical presentation, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging findings and prognosis of patients with ARVC in Pakistan.
Material and methods: It is a retrospective observational study, 17 consecutive patients with CMR and other findings consistent with ARVC, were enrolled from 2010 to 2019 at a single center.
Results: Out of 17 patients, 12 (70.6%) were male with a mean age of 33.5 ± 17.5 years. Family history of sudden cardiac …

When Mistakes Happen: Using Aone Principles Of A Healthful Practice Environment, Karen Fowler

Nursing Faculty Publications

Whether medical errors will occur is not the question. When and to what degree of harm will the patient, nursing staff, and organization experience is a more valid question. The nurse leader’s ability to navigate staff through the aftermath of a negative patient event has far-reaching consequences. Errors impact the organization financially and reputationally, and can have devastating results for the nursing staff. This paper explores the use of AONL’s 9 elements of a healthful practice environment. These elements offer structure and guidance for the nurse leader to mindfully lead the nursing staff through a difficult situation while enhancing staff …

Inspire : Vol 3, Issue 8, Department Of Medicine

INSPIRE – Department of Medicine Archives

Content

• Medicine at National and International Forums
• Neurology & COVID -19 Webinar Live Session
• Implementing Plain Packaging of Cigarettes as a Tobacco Control Measure
• World Brain Day
• Dr Lubna Kamani acknowledged at WGO Website
• In-depth-Featuring Dr Bushra Jamil
• Featured Faculty: Dr. Ali Aziz “ …Treat any patient as if you are treating your own family member…”
• Publications

University Crime Alerts: Do They Contribute To Institutional Betrayal And Rape Myths?, Alexis A. Adams-Clark, Carly P. Smith, Prachi H. Bhuptani, Jennifer J. Freyd

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

Universities are mandated by the Clery Act (20 USC § 1092(f)) to publicize the occurrence of certain campus crimes. Many universities rely on “Crime Alert” emails to quickly and effectively communicate when a crime has occurred. However, communications of sexual crimes are often narrow (e.g., limited to stranger-perpetrated crimes) and misleading (e.g., containing safety tips that are not applicable to most types of sexual violence). The current paper presents the results of two studies that test the effects of reading crime alert emails on subsequent endorsement of rape myths and institutional betrayal. In Study 1, participants read a typical crime …

Nanoceria Distribution And Effects Are Mouse-Strain Dependent, Robert A. Yokel, Michael T. Tseng, D. Allan Butterfield, Matthew L. Hancock, Eric A. Grulke, Jason M. Unrine, Arnold J. Stromberg, Alan K. Dozier, Uschi M. Graham

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Prior studies showed nanoparticle clearance was different in C57BL/6 versus BALB/c mice, strains prone to Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively. Objective: Assess nanoceria (cerium oxide, CeO₂ nanoparticle) uptake time course and organ distribution, cellular and oxidative stress, and bioprocessing as a function of mouse strain. Methods: C57BL/6 and BALB/c female mice were i.p. injected with 10 mg/kg nanoceria or vehicle and terminated 0.5 to 24 h later. Organs were collected for cerium analysis; light and electron microscopy with elemental mapping; and protein carbonyl, IL-1β, and caspase-1 determination. Results: Peripheral organ cerium significantly increased, generally more …

Using Natural Language Processing And Sentiment Analysis To Augment Traditional User-Centered Design: Development And Usability Study, Curtis L. Petersen, Ryan Halter, David Kotz, Lorie Loeb, Summer B. Cook, Dawna M. Pidgeon, Brock Christensen, John A. Batsis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Sarcopenia, defined as the age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, can be effectively mitigated through resistance-based physical activity. With compliance at approximately 40% for home-based exercise prescriptions, implementing a remote sensing system would help patients and clinicians to better understand treatment progress and increase compliance. The inclusion of end users in the development of mobile apps for remote-sensing systems can ensure that they are both user friendly and facilitate compliance. With advancements in natural language processing (NLP), there is potential for these methods to be used with data collected through the user-centered design process.

Objective: This study aims …

Concurrent Hysterectomy And Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy During Cytoreductive Surgery And Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy For Non-Gynecologic Cancers, Mckayla J. Riggs, Miranda Lin, Joseph Kim, Prakash Pandalai, Charles S. Dietrich Iii

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a key component of treatment in non-gynecologic peritoneal surface malignancies. As many as 10-15% of patients with a gastrointestinal primary malignancy will present with carcinomatosis. Maximal cytoreductive surgery directly affects the prognosis of patients. The routine inclusion of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy during these procedures optimizes cytoreduction despite negative pre-operative imaging and findings at the time of surgery. In this case series, we review twenty non-gynecologic cancer patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery with concurrent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and HIPEC at our institution.

Housing Stability And Diabetes Among People Living In New York City Public Housing, Sungwoo Lim, Sze Yan Liu, Melanie H. Jacobson, Eugenie Poirot, Aldo Crossa, Sean Locke, Jennifer Brite, Elizabeth Hamby, Zinzi Bailey, Stephanie Farquhar

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Public housing provides affordable housing and, potentially, housing stability for low-income families. Housing stability may be associated with lower incidence or prevalence and better management of a range of health conditions through many mechanisms. We aimed to test the hypotheses that public housing residency is associated with both housing stability and reduced risk of diabetes incidence, and the relationship between public housing and diabetes risk varies by levels of housing stability. Using 2004-16 World Trade Center Health Registry data, we compared outcomes (housing stability measured by sequence analysis of addresses, self-reported diabetes diagnoses) between 730 New York City public housing …

Myocardial Infarction Can Be Safely Excluded By High-Sensitivity Troponin I Testing 3 Hours After Emergency Department Presentation., W Frank Peacock, Robert Christenson, Deborah B Diercks, Christian Fromm, Gary F Headden, Christopher J Hogan, Erik B Kulstad, Frank Lovecchio, Richard M Nowak, Jon W Schrock, Adam J Singer, Alan B Storrow, Joely Straseski, Alan H B Wu, Daniel P Zelinski

Heart and Vascular Articles

BACKGROUND: The accuracy and speed by which acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is excluded are an important determinant of emergency department (ED) length of stay and resource utilization. While high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) >99th percentile (upper reference level [URL]) represents a "rule-in" cutpoint, our purpose was to evaluate the ability of the Beckman Coulter hsTnI assay, using various level-of-quantification (LoQ) cutpoints, to rule out AMI within 3 hours of ED presentation in suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.

METHODS: This multicenter evaluation enrolled adults with >5 minutes of ACS symptoms and an electrocardiogram obtained per standard care. Exclusions were ST-segment elevation …

Left Ventricular Global And Regional Deformation In Arrhythmic Myxomatous Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome, Lakshmi Muthukumar, Arshad Jahangir, M. Faud Jan, Patrycja Galazka, Matt Umland, Mckenzie R. Schweitzer, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Maharaj Singh, Bijoy K. Khandheria, A. Jamil Tajik

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

A Trial Comparing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (Cpap) Devices In Preterm Infants., Carl H Backes, Jennifer N Cooper, Jennifer L Notestine, Crystal M Alfred, Molly K Ball, Brian K Rivera, Jane M Lamp, Laura Marzec, Michael R Stenger, Mohannad Moallem, Randy R Miller, Apurwa Naik, Lindsey J Beer, Christopher R Howard, Stephen E Welty, C Peter Richardson, Noah H Hillman, John A F Zupancic, Larissa I Stanberry, Thomas N Hansen, Charles V Smith

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that infants born < 30 weeks' gestation supported by Seattle-PAP will have lower rates of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure than infants supported with conventional, Fisher&Paykel-CPAP (FP-CPAP).

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trial (3/2017-01/2019) at 5 NICUs. The primary outcome was CPAP failure; subgroup analyses (gestational age, receipt antenatal corticosteroids) were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 232 infants were randomized. Infants in the Seattle-PAP and FP-CPAP groups had mean gestational ages of 27.0 and 27.2 weeks, respectively. We observed no differences in rates of treatment failure between Seattle-PAP (40/112, 35.7%) and FP-CPAP (38/120, 31.7%; risk difference, 4.1%; 95% CI, -8.1-16.2; P = 0.51). Subgroup analysis indicated no differences in rates of CPAP failure. We observed no differences between the two groups …

Real-World Cost Of Treatment For Multiple Sclerosis Patients Initiating And Receiving Infused Disease-Modifying Therapies Per Recommended Label In The United States., Jacqueline Nicholas, Rachel Halpern, Marina Ziehn, Jesse Peterson-Brandt, Michael Leszko, Chinmay Deshpande

Neuroscience Articles

Aims: The study evaluated the real-world cost of treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients initiating infused disease-modifying-therapies (DMT) in the United States.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data included adult patients with MS initiating index infusion DMT (ocrelizumab (OCR), natalizumab (NTZ) or alemtuzumab (ATZ)) from April 2017-September 2018 with 6-months pre/12-months post-index continuous enrollment. The primary cohort included patients who had prescribed annual dosing visits indicated by the approved product label (PL): 3 OCR, 5 ATZ, and 12-13 NTZ infusion visits within the first year of initiation. Annual treatment cost was the sum of all …

Obesity And Its Effect On Outcomes In Same-Day Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty, Ethan A Remily, Nequesha S Mohamed, Wayne A Wilkie, Tyler Smith, Anthony Judice, Salvador Forte, James Nace, Ronald E Delanois

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research

Background: The niche surgery of same-day bilateral total knee arthroplasty (sd-BTKA) continues to create debate amongst specialists in arthroplasty. To date, there is a significant lack of literature on obese patients undergoing sd-BTKA, and no study has evaluated outcomes of this procedure when compared to non-obese patients. Therefore, this study will perform a retrospective analysis to compare (I) incidence, (II) demographics, and (III) complications of sd-BTKA in non-obese, obese, and morbidly obese patients in the United States from 2009 to 2016.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for all individuals that underwent sd-BTKA from 2009 to 2016. …

Percutaneous Coil Embolization To Manage Pulmonary Artery Hemorrhage After Distal Endarterectomy, Chirantan Mangukia, Paul Forfia, Anjali Vaidya, Veronica Williams, Dmitry Niman, Parth Rali, Yoshiya Toyoda

Internal Medicine Resident Research

Selective pulmonary artery coil embolization can be a viable treatment option for acute pulmonary hemorrhage after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.

The Scoop, Vol. 7 Issue 5, August 2020, Health Sciences Library

Volume 7

Latest news and updates from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for August 2020.

Reduced Vip Expression Affects Circadian Clock Function In Vip-Ires-Cre Mice (Jax 010908), Deborah A.M. Joye, Kayla Rohr, Danielle Keller, Thomas Inda, Adam Telega, Harshida Pancholi, Vania Carmonia-Alcocer, Jennifer A. Evans

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Circadian rhythms are programmed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which relies on neuropeptide signaling to maintain daily timekeeping. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is critical for SCN function, but the precise role of VIP neurons in SCN circuits is not fully established. To interrogate their contribution to SCN circuits, VIP neurons can be manipulated specifically using the DNA-editing enzyme Cre recombinase. Although the Cre transgene is assumed to be inert by itself, we find that VIP expression is reduced in both heterozygous and homozygous adult VIP-IRES-Cre mice (JAX 010908). Compared with wild-type mice, homozygous VIP-Cre mice display faster reentrainment and shorter …

Preventing Polypharmacy Amongst The Elderly In An Acute Care Setting Through The Integration Of The Deprescribing Tools Start, Stopp, And Beers Criteria, Samantha Bonita Wilkins-Copeland

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

A significant percentage of medications prescribed in the United States are prescribed to elderly adults, which is due to the increase in chronic illness as Americans age. This increase in the use of medications amongst the elderly population has led to the issue of polypharmacy, which can lead to negative patient outcomes. An evidence-based practice pilot project was performed at a large tertiary care facility in Virginia. The aim of the scholarly project was to integrate three deprescribing tools into the everyday practice of pharmacists at the facility. Three outcomes were achieved: (1) Pharmacists understood how to accurately utilize the …

Ask, Advise, Assist And Follow: An Evidence Based Project To Address Unhealthy Alcohol Use In A Free Clinic Setting, Lisa K. Floyd

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Preventative care in free clinic settings aims to mitigate health risks for vulnerable populations. Heavy alcohol intake is a major threat to physical and mental health. Wellness care for free clinic patients must include regular screening for alcohol use in accordance with national guidelines. The purpose of this project was to implement and evaluate an evidence- based practice change to improve alcohol screening and intervention in a free clinic setting. The NIH/NIAAA screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBiRT) process was implemented. A convenience sample of de-identified patient charts was reviewed to assess alcohol screening before (n = 38 …

High Reliability In Medication Administration, Bradford White Jensen

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research was designed to test the theory of Robust Process Improvement (RPI) as it has been applied to the problem of medication error at Navy medical treatment facilities (MTFs). Medication error is the greatest cause of patient injury in America. In an effort to duplicate the success of High Reliability Organizations (HROs), leaders of the Joint Commission advocated the application of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) as the key elements of RPI and the best way to increase safety and improve the quality of healthcare. The specific problem was that very little empirical evidence existed supporting the theory. The research …

Nutraceutical Potential For Alzheimer's Disease Treatment, Alex Gewecke

Undergraduate Research Journal

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive disorder involving buildup of excessive amounts of proteins such as beta amyloid in the brain that leads to memory loss, inability to perform daily functions, and an early death. By 2060, the number of cases is forecast to nearly triple current numbers. Age is the primary risk factor for AD and no new drugs have been approved since 2003. Nutraceuticals, a broad category of substances that can be utilized for both medicinal and nutritional purposes may be able to help, which is why they are being more widely researched. Overall, a number of attempts …

Using Speech Screening Process For Preschool-Age Children: Do Results Lead To Action?, Autumn Rhoads

Undergraduate Research Journal

In this paper, we will discuss the concerns of a microstrip two patch antenna system. Coupling of the two-port system can be miniaturized using Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (EBG) or Defected Ground Structures (DGS) centered between the two patch antennas half a wavelength in size. Different miniaturization methods were used in the design of the antenna system to change the properties of the signal. Changing via locations that are not found on EBG strips themselves, rather found on interleaved ledges between EBG strips allowed for further change in shifting the signals frequency.

Covid-19: Health As A Common Good, Alfredo Morabia

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Pain Management In Orthopedic Patients, Anna Dockstader Bsn, Rn, Alexa Reich Bsn, Rn, Jessica Snyder Bsn, Rn, Sarah Scalici Bsn, Rn, Molly Woytowicz Bsn, Rn

Vizient/ AACN Nurse Residency Program™ EBP Projects

No abstract provided.

Sex Differences In Problem Alcohol Use In High School As A Function Of Recent Sexual Violence Victimization Or Perpetration, Christal L. Badour, Samuel C. Bell, Emily R. Clear, Ann L. Coker

Psychology Faculty Publications

To investigate sex differences in associations between sexual violence victimization (SVV), sexual violence perpetration (SVP), and binge drinking and/or alcohol problems among high school students. While SVV has been linked to problem alcohol use among young women, little research has addressed the unique associations of SVV and SVP on alcohol use/problems within both sexes. A cross-sectional analysis of 16,992 high school students’ self-reports of past-year SVP and SVV was used where SVV/SVP was defined by three tactics (sexual coercion, drug/alcohol-facilitated or incapacitated sex, and physically forced sex). Alcohol measures included past-month binge drinking and past-year alcohol problems. Rates of SVV …

N-Acetyltranserase 2 (Nat2) Genotype Polymorphism In Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes And Chinese Hamster Ovary (Cho) Cells., Mariam Refaat Zaky Habil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, catalyze the detoxification and/or activation of drugs and aromatic amine carcinogens. Single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs result in different human NAT2 genotypes thus dividing the population into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylators. We hypothesize allelic variants of NAT2 genotype will decrease levels of N-acetylation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation, and mutagenesis compared to the reference allele NAT2*4. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes expressing different NAT2 genotypes and NER-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with human CYP1A2 and human NAT2*4, NAT2*5B or NAT2*7B have been used to investigate N-acetylation of different xenobiotics. In …

Modulation Of Inflammatory Pathway By Inflammatory Inhibitor Jsh-23 Mitigates Diabetic Retinopathy., Rubens Petit Homme

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Its pathology is consisted of the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), particularly the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). The exact mechanism that leads to the iBRB impairment and the development of DR has not been elucidated yet. However, chronic inflammation that is hallmark of the type I DM has recently become a key focus in DR study. Hyperglycemia causes dysregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB); and its constant activation increases the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the …

Mechanisms Of Chromate-Induced Suppression Of Rad51: A One Environmental Health Approach., Rachel M. Speer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Lung cancer is commonly associated with smoking, however, 1 in 5 women and 1 in 12 men who develop lung cancer are never-smokers. Environmental exposures, therefore, account for a significant portion of lung cancer cases. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a global environmental contaminant and known human lung carcinogen. Cr(VI) and other carcinogenic metals induce chromosome instability, an early event in lung cancer. Structural chromosome instability arises in part due to failed DNA repair. Particulate Cr(VI), the most potent form of Cr(VI), induces DNA double strand breaks and inhibits the high-fidelity DNA …