Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Community-Derived Recommendations For Healthcare Systems And Medical Students To Support People Who Are Houseless In Portland, Oregon: A Mixed-Methods Study, Caroline King, Cameron Fisher, Jacob Johnson, Arum Chun, David Bangsberg, Paula C. Carder

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: People who are houseless (also referred to as homeless) perceive high stigma in healthcare settings, and face disproportionate disparities in morbidity and mortality versus people who are housed. Medical students and the training institutions they are a part of play important roles in advocating for the needs of this community. The objective of this study was to understand perceptions of how medical students and institutions can meet needs of the self-identified needs of the houseless community.

Methods: Between February and May 2018, medical students conducted mixed-methods surveys with semi-structured qualitative interview guides at two community-based organizations that …

Building A Resilient Workforce: Programming For Commercial Content Moderation Staff, Miriah E. Steiger

Dissertations

Commercial content moderators (CCM) review and remove controversial content from social media platforms, leading to potentially adverse mental health effects through secondary trauma exposure. Due to the problematic nature of their work, a U.S. based company hired mental health clinicians to design and instruct a resiliency program, developed based upon the psychological resilience literature. Regrettably, there is scarce peer-reviewed literature providing guidelines for best practices in program development or evaluations specific to this population to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. Therefore, this study investigated whether the resiliency program provided to CCM workers predicted resilience and well-being outcomes by use of the …

Frequency Of Intraoperative Hypotension After The Induction Of Anesthesia In Hypertensive Patients With Preoperative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Fahad Salim, Fazal Hameed Khan, Muhammad Nasir, Rashid Ali, Ayesha Iqbal, Amir Raza

Department of Anaesthesia

Introduction: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important target in the treatment of hypertension. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors not only treat hypertension but also decrease morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The discontinuation of ACE inhibitors before the surgery is still controversial. To assess the current magnitude of the problem in our population, we aimed to conduct this study, which evaluated the frequency of intraoperative hypotension after the induction of anesthesia in controlled hypertensive patients with preoperative ACE inhibitors.
Material and …

Eliciting Information During A Standardized Patient History, Sydney E Greene, Laura Weingartner, Emily Noonan

Undergraduate Research Events

ELICITING INFORMATION DURING A STANDARDIZED PATIENT HISTORY

AUTHORS

Sydney Greene, BA Candidate; Emily J Noonan, PhD, MA; Laura A. Weingartner, PhD, MS

BACKGROUND

Learning how to take a detailed patient history is a fundamental skill that is essential for all medical students to master. Understanding the amount of information elicited in various categories of a patient history may reveal areas where many students struggle to engage the patient, gaps in medical education that could be addressed, or possible predictors of patient satisfaction.

METHODS

I coded videos of rising third year medical students as they took a patient history and counted …

The Impact Of Herbal Infusion Consumption On Oxidative Stress And Cancer: The Good, The Bad, The Misunderstood, Wamidh H. Talib, Israa A. Al-Ataby, Asma Ismail Mahmod, Sajidah Jawarneh, Lina T. Al Kury, Intisar Hadi Al-Yasari

All Works

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is associated with the development of many ailments, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. The causal link between oxidative stress and cancer is well established and antioxidants are suggested as a protective mechanism against cancer development. Recently, an increase in the consumption of antioxidant supplements was observed globally. The main sources of these antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and beverage. Herbal infusions are highly popular beverages consumed daily for different reasons. Studies showed the potent antioxidant effects of plants used in the …

The Value Of Insolvency Law In The Covid‐19 Crisis, Aurelio Gurrea-Martinez

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The COVID-19 pandemic not only has generated a social, humanitarian and public health crisis but it has also led to the worst recession the world’s economy has experienced since the Great Depression.283 As a response to the economic challenges generated by the COVID-19 crisis, many countries are responding with a variety of legal and economic measures that seek to support businesses, employees, and households

Covid‐19 And The Spotlight On Stakeholderism, Pearlie Koh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The global disrupter that is COVID-19 has profoundly impacted human life on earth. Lives and livelihoods have been lost. But even for those amongst us fortunate enough to escape such calamity, significant adjustments have had to be made to the ways in which we live, play and work. As the United Nations noted, “[t]his is much more than a health crisis. It is a human, economic and social crisis. The coronavirus disease … is attacking societies at their core”.

Shareholders’ Rights And Corporate Meetings Post Covid‐19, Christopher Chao-Hung Chen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This short paper reflects on corporate governance and shareholders’ rights during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown has affected the way companies’ organs operate. It is unfortunate that the pandemic took place around the critical time of year when most companies hold annual shareholders’ meetings (or general meetings). How, then, can shareholders exercise their rights? How can the board of directors and senior management function during the lockdown period? Technology naturally provides a solution, similar to online teaching and working from home. However, do virtual and remote meetings serve the purpose of having those meetings? Even when we get …

“In Case Of Emergency, Break Contract”? The Case For A Unified Regime For Changed Circumstances In Singapore Contract Law, Nicholas Liu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

It has been accurately observed that the incremental nature of the common law’s development makes it inherently unsuited to dealing with unprecedented crises.208 This is particularly true of what I shall refer to (for convenience) as the law of changed circumstances, which in the common law regime comprises the doctrine of frustration and the operation of force majeure clauses, but could potentially encompass other doctrines and issues as well.209 I suggest that in this area, the flaws of the common law run deeper and broader than its inability to respond quickly to unprecedented crises. Rather, from a lay user’s point …

Exorcising The Ghost In The Wills Act, Hang Wu Tang

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Ingenious lawyers all over the Commonwealth are dreaming up rigmaroles for the signing of wills amid the pandemic. An English law firm has suggested that the will should be signed at a park bench, with witnesses lurking nearby, ready to rotate around the document. Another option allows for the will to be signed at the person’s doorway while the witnesses stand outside, using the services of a well-trained pet to deliver the signed will to the witnesses. Singapore has passed many sensible temporary measures in response to COVID-19 disruption, including marrying couples remotely so that the newly-weds, witnesses and solemniser …

Pragmatism In The Pandemic: The Protection Of Commercial Tenants In Singapore, Edward Ti

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The COVID-19 epidemic has not spared any country, not least a densely populated country like Singapore. The government has been working tirelessly developing new policies and laws to mitigate the human and economic devastation brought on by the virus. The COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020 (COTMA) is intended to tackle some of the negative effects brought about by COVID-19. With an initial application period of 6 months which can be amended at the Minister’s discretion, the COTMA covers a wide range of issues. Summarily, the COTMA provides for public health controls necessary to manage the health crisis, increases bankruptcy and …

Covid‐19 As A Frustrating Event Under Singapore Contract Law, Yihan Goh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

COVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact on commercial arrangements around the world. This would appear to fit the textbook definition of a frustrating event under Singapore contract law. Alternatively, one might expect COVID-19 to be covered by the doctrine of force majeure. This commentary will provide a brief overview of the contractual issues arising from COVID-19.

Coronavirus: Pandemics, Artificial Intelligence And Personal Data: How To Manage Pandemics Using Ai And What That Means For Personal Data Protection, Warren B. Chik

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This chapter discusses the hearing of essential and urgent court matters in the Singapore courts during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 27 march 2020, the Singapore judiciary notified courst users that remote hearings were to be implemented for certain types of hearings by means of video and telephone conferencing facilities. Court users were also provided with indicative lists of matters which might be considered essential and urgent.

Trading Through A Pandemic: The Singaporean Experience, Henry Gao, Dhiraj G. Chainani, Siu Farn Chew

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Being a small country with one of the highest trade-to-GDP ratios in the world, Singapore faced seemingly insurmountable challenges at the onset of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As countries around the world scrambled to fight the pandemic, they imposed restrictions on exports and imports, suspended international transportation of both goods and people, and invoked emergency power and exceptions to justify their actions. All these presented unprecedented challenges to Singapore, a country which relies on international trade not only for its prosperity but also for survival. This article discusses how Singapore tries to meet these challenges through various initiatives …

Massive Covid‐19 Infections In Foreign Workers Dormitories: The Dog That Did Not Bark In Singapore’S Fight Against The Covid‐19 Pandemic, Eugene K. B. Tan

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In the ongoing battle to combat the massive COVID-19 infections in the foreign workers’ dormitories, the focus and dominant narrative, unsurprisingly, has been on overcoming the clear and present public health issues there. The imperative is to safeguard the wellbeing and interests of the foreign workers who reside there (and including those who have been moved out), which is also fundamentally about protecting the rest of the community.

Can International Economic Agreements Combat Covid‐19?, Pasha L. Hsieh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the international economic order. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the unprecedented health crisis may sink global trade by 32% in 2020.236 As an island state highly dependent on trade, Singapore is expected to encounter a 5.8% contraction in gross domestic product, marking its “worst recession since independence.”237 The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Singapore surpassed the 45,000 mark on July 7, 2020.238 Most cases have occurred in foreign worker dormitories, whereas the spread of the disease in the rest of the community has been limited. To gradually resume economic activities and …

The Ideals Of Law In A Health Crisis: Singapore’S Legislative Responses To Covid‐19, Benjamin Joshua Ong

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Situations like the COVID-19 pandemic pose a dilemma. One might argue that such a crisis is a time for people to sacrifice their legal rights for the common good and submit to heavy restrictions on one’s liberties, surrendering individual liberties to a benevolent, though powerful, state. On the other hand, for every situation in history where an emergency has required people to accept such restrictions, there are many more situations in which an unscrupulous government has used a pretend emergency, or a real but exaggerated one, as an excuse to arrogate to himself sweeping arbitrary powers and refuse to let …

Regulation Of Microrna-497-Targeting Akt2 Influences Tumor Growth And Chemoresistance To Cisplatin In Lung Cancer., Lin Wang, Xiang-Bo Ji, Li-Hong Wang, Jian-Ge Qiu, Feng-Mei Zhou, Wen-Jing Liu, Di-Di Wan, Marie Chai-Mi Lin, Ling-Zhi Liu, Jian-Ying Zhang, Bing-Hua Jiang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Background: MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) has been implicated in several cancers. Increasing studies demonstrate the role of AKT2 in cancers as an oncogene which is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness by enhancing cancer cell survival, migration and invasion However, miR-497/AKT2 axis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.

Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the expression of miR-497 and its target gene. The function of miR-497 in lung cancer was investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays (cell proliferation assay, cell migration assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, immunoblotting and tumorigenesis assay). Luciferase reporter assay was …

Quantification Of Lactoyl-Coa (Lactyl-Coa) By Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry In Mammalian Cells And Tissues., Erika L Varner, Sophie Trefely, David Bartee, Eliana Von Krusenstiern, Luke Izzo, Carmen Bekeova, Roddy S O'Connor, Erin L Seifert, Kathryn E Wellen, Jordan L Meier, Nathaniel W Snyder

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Lysine lactoylation is a recently described protein post-translational modification (PTM). However, the biochemical pathways responsible for this acylation remain unclear. Two metabolite-dependent mechanisms have been proposed: enzymatic histone lysine lactoylation derived from lactoyl-coenzyme A (lactoyl-CoA, also termed lactyl-CoA), and non-enzymatic lysine lactoylation resulting from acyl-transfer via lactoyl-glutathione. While the former has precedent in the form of enzyme-catalysed lysine acylation, the lactoyl-CoA metabolite has not been previously quantified in mammalian systems. Here, we use liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) together with a synthetic standard to detect and validate the presence of lactoyl-CoA in cell and tissue samples. Conducting a retrospective analysis …

Which Internal Medicine Clerkship Characteristics Are Associated With Students' Performance On The Nbme Medicine Subject Exam? A Multi-Institutional Analysis., Matthew M. Fitz, William Adams, Steven A. Haist, Karen E. Hauer, Linette P. Ross, Amanda Raff, Gauri Agarwal, T. Robert Vu, Jonathan Appelbaum, Valerie J. Lang, Chad Miller, Cyril Grum, Mark Fagan, Jennifer Foster, Hilary F. Ryder, Bruce Houghton, Ryan Nall, Amy Shaheen, Michael Elnicki, Anna Donovan, Stuart Kiken, Cynthia Ledford, Shobhina Chheda, Doug Paauw, Blake Barker, Maureen Lowery, Nina Mingioni, Deepti Rao, William Kelly

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

PURPOSE: To identify which internal medicine clerkship characteristics may relate to NBME Medicine Subject Examination scores, given the growing trend toward earlier clerkship start dates.

METHOD: The authors used linear mixed effects models (univariable and multivariable) to determine associations between medicine exam performance and clerkship characteristics (longitudinal status, clerkship length, academic start month, ambulatory clinical experience, presence of a study day, involvement in a combined clerkship, preclinical curriculum type, medicine exam timing). Additional covariates included number of NBME clinical subject exams used, number of didactic hours, use of a criterion score for passing the medicine exam, whether medicine exam performance …

Prognostic Value Of Blastocyst Grade After Frozen Euploid Embryo Transfer In Patients With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Gayathree Murugappan, Julia G Kim, Jonathan D Kort, Brent M Hanson, Shelby A Neal, Ashley W Tiegs, Emily K Osman, Richard T Scott, Ruth B Lathi

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Objective: To determine if trophectoderm (TE) grade or inner cell mass (ICM) grade have predictive value after euploid frozen embryo transfer (euFET) among RPL patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single fertility center, 2012-2018.

Patients: Patients with ≥ 2 prior pregnancy losses performing PGT-A with ≥1 euploid embryo for transfer.

Interventions: All patients underwent ICSI, trophectoderm biopsy, blastocyst grading and vitrification, and single euFET. Outcome of the first transfer was recorded.

Main outcome measures: Live birth (LB) and clinical miscarriage (CM) rates.

Results: 660 euFET were included. In a binomial logistic regression analysis accounting for age, BMI, AMH and day …

The Effects Of Pumpkin Seed Oil On Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Chronic Hepatic Damage In Rats, Ayhan Atasever, Meryem Senturk, Gorkem Ekebas, Duygu Yaman Gram, Meryem Eren

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study determined the possible protective effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on histopathological changes in liver tissue and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, glucose, Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) levels on chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. A total of 80 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of ten rats each: the first group served as the control, group II was given intraperitoneal 0.2 mL/kg CCl4, twice a week for 8 weeks. Groups III-V were treated daily with PSO for 8 weeks (1, 2 and 3 mL/kg respectively). Groups (VI-VIII) were …

Conditional Loss Of Engrailed 1/2 In Rhombic Lip-Derived Neurons Increases Intrinsic Rhythmicity And Decreases Overall Variability Of Eupneic Respiration, Angela P. Taylor

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Evidence for a cerebellar role during cardiopulmonary challenges has long been established, but investigation into cerebellar involvement in eupneic breathing has been inconclusive. Given the view of the cerebellum (CRB) as a temporally coordinating structure, any investigation into the CRB during respiration must evaluate rhythm and variability of the respiratory sequence. In this study, we chose an elegant model of cerebellar neuropathology, Atoh1-En1/2 CKO, where mutant animals have conditional loss of the developmental patterning gene Engrailed 1/2 in rhombic lip-lineage neurons and exhibit a proportional scaling-down of neuron number in hypoplastic lobules of the CRB. We utilized whole-body unrestrained plethysmography …

The Characterization Of Hematopoiesis In Murine Fetal Bone Marrow, Trent Daniel Hall

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their downstream progenitors are a heterogeneous population of cells that are indispensable for lifelong hematopoiesis and are often utilized in the clinic for the treatment of hematologic maladies via hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Over several decades, it has been discovered that HSCs arise in the dorsal aorta of the developing embryo, migrate to the fetal liver (FL), and undergo a large expansion before reaching their final resting place in the bone marrow (BM). Many resources have been invested in understanding the roles of the different niches HSCs encounter along their journey. A greater understanding …

Genomic Instability And The Oncohistone H3k27m Drive Gliomagenesis In A Murine Model, Lee J. Pribyl

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Maintaining genome stability is crucial for human health and it is of particular importance in neural cells during early brain development. Genome maintenance occurs at two broad stages; surveillance during DNA replication and DNA damage repair in differentiating and mature cells. Neural cells are particularly sensitive to DNA strand breaks and defective DNA damage responses can result in detrimental effects on the nervous system, including cancer. Multiple DNA repair pathways play critical roles in preventing DNA damage accumulation in stem and neural progenitor cells. The mechanisms that protect progenitor genomes also suppress DNA mutations that can result in cancer. A …

Spending Impact Of Covid-19 Stimulus Payments: Evidence From Card Transaction Data In South Korea, Kim, Kanghyock Koh, Wonjun Lyou

Research Collection School Of Economics

Various countries have implemented transfer programs to individuals since the Covid-19 outbreaks. However, the extent to which such transfers alleviate economic recessions is unclear. This paper analyzes a South Korean program, which provided vouchers redeemable only at small local businesses. We find that, due to the program, over 30% of households across all income groups increased their food and overall household spending, but the usage restriction may have affected consumer choice, distorting business competition. While the employment and sales of small businesses improved, the program’s fiscal sustainability is in question because of the large tax exemption.

Early Transplantation In Acute On Chronic Liver Failure: Who And When, Nadim Mahmud, Ruben Hernaez, Tiffany Wu, Vinay Sundaram

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a unique syndrome that afflicts patients with chronic liver disease and results in high short-term mortality, > 50% at 28 days in patients with severe ACLF (grade 3, ACLF-3). Given this prognosis, there is an urgent need to understand risk factors for this condition, as well as selection criteria for patients who may benefit from liver transplantation (LT).

RECENT FINDINGS: Several studies have identified risk factors for developing ACLF, including higher model for end-stage liver disease score, anemia, and morbid obesity, as well ACLF mortality, such as infection, increasing organ failures, …

Covid-19, Lockdown, And The Dynamics Of Subjective Well-Being, Terence C. Cheng, Kim, Kanghyock Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

We provide novel evidence on how the COVID-19 global health and economic crisis is affecting overall life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction using data from a monthly longitudinal survey of middle-aged and older Singaporeans. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we document large declines in overall life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak, except satisfaction with health. These declines coincide with the introduction of a nationwide lockdown, with life satisfaction remaining below its pre-pandemic levels even after the lockdown is lifted. We also find that individuals who report a drop in household income during the COVID-19 outbreak experience a decline in …

Mtor-Initiated Metabolic Switch And Degeneration In The Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Young-Mi Go, Jing Zhang, Jolyn Fernandes, Christopher Litwin, Rui Chen, Theodore G Wensel, Dean P Jones, Jiyang Cai, Yan Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a particularly vulnerable tissue to age-dependent degeneration. Over the life span, the RPE develops an expanded endo-lysosomal compartment to maintain the high efficiency of phagocytosis and degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) necessary for photoreceptor survival. As the assembly and activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) occur on the lysosome surface, increased lysosome mass with aging leads to higher mTORC1 activity. The functional consequences of hyperactive mTORC1 in the RPE are unclear. In the current study, we used integrated high-resolution metabolomic and genomic approaches to examine mice with RPE-specific deletion …

The De Winter Ecg Pattern: Distribution And Morphology Of St Depression, Zhong-Qun Zhan, Yang Li, Li-Hong Han, Kjell C Nikus, Yochai Birnbaum, Adrian Baranchuk

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The reported positive predictive value (PPV) for the "de Winter ECG pattern" to predict an acute left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesion is inconsistent. Besides, the morphology of upsloping or nonupsloping ST depression (STD) may have different significance of severity and prognostication.

METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database using "de Winter" or "junctional ST-depression with tall symmetrical T-waves" or "tall T wave" or "STEMI equivalent" as the item up to March 2020. We compared the ECG differences between the different culprit arteries and various morphological STD.

RESULTS: A total of 70 patients with analyzable ECGs were included. In 60 …