Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Nanomedicine As A Promising Therapeutic Approach For Covid-19 (Issue 24, 23 September 2020), Noura H. Abd Ellah, Sheryhan F. Gad, Khalid Muhammad, Gaber E. Batiha, Helal F. Hetta

Covid19 Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Quarantining At Home, Anonymous

Community Reflections

My family had multiple positive cases (of Covid-19). Luckily no one had died or been greatly harmed from it. Within my own household we had made memories that will last a lifetime.

2020-09-23_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https:/www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163-520743--,00.html.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. It is updated Monday - Saturday.
This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/RT-PCR) and rapid virus antigen detection point of …

Non-Traditional Risk Factors And The Risk Of Myocardial Infarction In The Young In The Us Population-Based Cohort, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Yiming Liu, Dhruv Mahtta, Bharat Narasimhan, Zhen Wang, Hani Jneid, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Alam Mahboob, Usman Baber, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

Although most prevalent in elderly, myocardial infarction (MI) also affects younger adults. We sought to investigate baseline characteristics in young patients (<55 >years) with MI using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2004 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young patients. After multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, family history of atherosclerosis, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and current cigarette smoking; novel risk factors such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were associated …

Repurposing Anti-Inflammasome Nrtis For Improving Insulin Sensitivity And Reducing Type 2 Diabetes Development, Jayakrishna Ambati, Joseph Magagnoli, Hannah Leung, Shao-Bin Wang, Chris A. Andrews, Dongxu Fu, Akshat Pandey, Srabani Sahu, Siddharth Narendran, Shuichiro Hirahara, Shinichi Fukuda, Jian Sun, Lekha Pandya, Meenakshi Ambati, Felipe Pereira, Akhil Varshney, Tammy Cummings, James W. Hardin, Babatunde Edun, Charles L. Bennett, Kameshwari Ambati, Benjamin J. Fowler, Nagaraj Kerur, Christian Röver, Norbert Leitinger, Brian C. Werner, Joshua D. Stein, S. Scott Sutton, Bradley D. Gelfand

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications

Innate immune signaling through the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by multiple diabetes-related stressors, but whether targeting the inflammasome is beneficial for diabetes is still unclear. Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), drugs approved to treat HIV-1 and hepatitis B infections, also block inflammasome activation. Here, we show, by analyzing five health insurance databases, that the adjusted risk of incident diabetes is 33% lower in patients with NRTI exposure among 128,861 patients with HIV-1 or hepatitis B (adjusted hazard ratio for NRTI exposure, 0.673; 95% confidence interval, 0.638 to 0.710; P < 0.0001; 95% prediction interval, 0.618 to 0.734). Meanwhile, an NRTI, lamivudine, improves insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammasome activation in diabetic and insulin resistance-induced human cells, as well as in mice fed with high-fat chow; mechanistically, inflammasome-activating short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) transcripts are elevated, whereas SINE-catabolizing DICER1 is reduced, in diabetic cells and mice. These data suggest the possibility of repurposing an approved class of drugs for prevention of diabetes.

2020-09-23_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

The webpage was obtained from Michigan's Coronavirus Cumulative Data page, under the link Data About Places. Data is self-reported by hospitals daily to the EM Resource System per MDHHS Director Robert Gordon's Emergency Order.

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Musculoskeletal Injury In Reserve Officers' Training Corps: A Report From The Athletic Trainers' Practice-Based Research Network, Kara N. Radzak, Joellen M. Sefton, Mark K. Timmons, Rachel Lopp, Christopher D. Stickley, Kenneth C. Lam

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Background: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets must meet the same physical standards as active duty military servicemembers and undergo organized physical training (PT). ROTC participation, like all physical activity, can result in trainingrelated musculoskeletal injury (MSKI), and of course, cadets could sustain MSKI outside of ROTC. However, MSKI incidence in ROTC programs is largely unknown. Purpose: To describe patient and injury demographics of MSKI in 5 universities’ Army ROTC programs. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was performed using the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network (AT-PBRN). Athletic trainers at 5 clinical …

Effects Of Neuronic Shutter Observed In The Eeg Alpha Rhythm, Kevin E. Alexander, Justin R. Estepp, Sherif M. Elbasiouny

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

The posterior alpha (α) rhythm, seen in human electroencephalogram (EEG), is posited to originate from cycling inhibitory/excitatory states of visual relay cells in the thalamus. These cycling states are thought to lead to oscillating visual sensitivity levels termed the “neuronic shutter effect.” If true, perceptual performance should be predictable by observed α phase (of cycling inhibitory/excitatory states) relative to the timeline of afferentiation onto the visual cortex. Here, we tested this hypothesis by presenting contrast changes at near perceptual threshold intensity through closed eyelids to 20 participants (balanced for gender) during times of spontaneous α oscillations. To more accurately and …

Expression Of Mir-720 Is Correlated With Dnmt3 In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Andrew Graves, Sukhdeep Sandhu, Karl Kingsley

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Many factors are involved with cellular differentiation and pluripotency, such as long non-coding and microRNAs (miRNA). miR-720 has been demonstrated to affect development, differentiation and pluripotency in dental pulp stem cells but has also been linked to many cancers (renal, prostate, skin, colorectal, breast, cervical and esophageal) through shared pathways including DNA methyltransferase family members (DNMT)3a and DNMT3b, which are highly upregulated in many oral cancers. However, little is known about the expression (or function, if expressed) of miR-720 in oral cancers. Based upon this lack of information, the primary objective of this project was to evaluate the expression …

Targeted Engagement Of The Action Selection Network During Task-Oriented Arm Training After Stroke, Jill Campbell Stewart Pt,Phd, Kaci Handlery, Jessica F. Baird, Erika L. Blanck, Geetanjali Pathak, Stacy L. Fritz

Faculty Publications

Action selection (AS), or selection of an action from a set of alternatives, is an important movement preparation process that engages a frontal-parietal network. The addition of AS demands to arm training after stroke could be used to engage this motor planning process and the neural network that supports it. The purpose of this case series is to describe the feasibility and outcomes associated with task-oriented arm training aimed at engaging the AS behavioral process and the related neural network in three individuals with chronic stroke. Three participants with mild to moderate motor deficits completed 13 to 15 sessions of …

Risk Prediction Of Late-Onset Alzheimer’S Disease Implies An Oligogenic Architecture, Qian Zhang, Julia Sidorenko, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Riccardo E. Marioni, Margaret J. Wright, Alison M. Goate, Edoardo Marcora, Kuan-Lin Huang, Tenielle Porter, Simon M. Laws, Perminder S. Sachdev, Karen A. Mather, Nicola J. Armstrong, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Henry Brodaty, Loic Yengo, Jian Yeng, Naomi R. Wray Robertson, Allan F. Mcrae, Peter M. Visscher, Steven Collins, Christine Thai, Brett Trounson, Kate Lennon, Qiao Xin Li, Fernanda Yevenes Ugarte, Irene Volitakis, Michael Vovos, Australian Imaging Biomarkers And Lifestyle

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020, The Author(s). Genetic association studies have identified 44 common genome-wide significant risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). However, LOAD genetic architecture and prediction are unclear. Here we estimate the optimal P-threshold (Poptimal) of a genetic risk score (GRS) for prediction of LOAD in three independent datasets comprising 676 cases and 35,675 family history proxy cases. We show that the discriminative ability of GRS in LOAD prediction is maximised when selecting a small number of SNPs. Both simulation results and direct estimation indicate that the number of causal common SNPs for LOAD may be less than 100, suggesting …

The Role Of Nerves In Skeletal Development, Adaptation, And Aging., Ryan E Tomlinson, Blaine A Christiansen, Adrienne A Giannone, Damian C Genetos

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

The skeleton is well-innervated, but only recently have the functions of this complex network in bone started to become known. Although our knowledge of skeletal sensory and sympathetic innervation is incomplete, including the specific locations and subtypes of nerves in bone, we are now able to reconcile early studies utilizing denervation models with recent work dissecting the molecular signaling between bone and nerve. In total, sensory innervation functions in bone much as it does elsewhere in the body-to sense and respond to stimuli, including mechanical loading. Similarly, sympathetic nerves regulate autonomic functions related to bone, including homeostatic remodeling and vascular …

Organic Field-Effect Transistors As Flexible, Tissue-Equivalent Radiation Dosimeters In Medical Applications, Andrew M. Zeidell, Tong Ren, David S. Filston, Hamna F. Iqbal, Emma Holland, J. Daniel Bourland, John E. Anthony, Oana D. Jurchescu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Radiation therapy is one of the most prevalent procedures for cancer treatment, but the risks of malignancies induced by peripheral beam in healthy tissues surrounding the target is high. Therefore, being able to accurately measure the exposure dose is a critical aspect of patient care. Here a radiation detector based on an organic field‐effect transistor (RAD‐OFET) is introduced, an in vivo dosimeter that can be placed directly on a patient's skin to validate in real time the dose being delivered and ensure that for nearby regions an acceptable level of low dose is being received. This device reduces the errors …

Prevalence Of Hyperdontia, Hypodontia, And Concomitant Hypo-Hyperdontia, Nareh Eshgian, Tanya Al-Talib, Stanley Nelson, Neamat Hassan Abubakr

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Background/purpose: Anomalies in human dentition are some of the most common occurrences of congenital abnormalities. Present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia, hyperdontia and concomitant hypo-hyperdontia (CHH) among patients attending the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) School of Dental Medicine clinics. Materials and methods: Retrospective search was conducted on patients’ clinical notes in AxiUm. Search included using keywords such as “hypodontia”, “hyperdontia”, “supernumerary teeth” and “congenitally missing”. Panoramic radiographs were used to confirm the hyperdontia, hypodontia or CHH for patients attending the UNLV SDM clinics from 2010 to 2018. Collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test. …

Role Of Mirna-Mrna Interaction In Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Satish Kumar, Joanne E. Curran, Erica De Leon, Ana C. Leandro, Tom E. Howard, Donna M. Lehman, Sarah Williams-Blangero, David C. Glahn, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

miRNA regulates the expression of protein coding genes and plays a regulatory role in human development and disease. The human iPSCs and their differentiated progenies provide a unique opportunity to identify these miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms. To identify miRNA–mRNA regulatory interactions in human nervous system development, well characterized NSCs were differentiated from six validated iPSC lines and analyzed for differentially expressed (DE) miRNome and transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Following the criteria, moderated t statistics, FDR-corrected p-value ≤ 0.05 and fold change—absolute (FC-abs) ≥2.0, 51 miRNAs and 4033 mRNAs were found to be significantly DE between iPSCs and NSCs. The miRNA target …

Hepatic Lipocalin 2 Promotes Liver Fibrosis And Portal Hypertension, Jiegen Chen, Josepmaria Argemi, Gemma Odena, Ming-Jiang Xu, Yan Cai, Veronica Massey, Austin Parrish, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Jose Altamirano, Joaquin Cabezas, Pere Gines, Juan Caballeria, Natasha Snider, Pau Sancho-Bru, Shizuo Akira, Ivan Rusyn, Bin Gao, Ramon Bataller

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension influence short-term mortality. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) regulates infection response and increases in liver injury. We explored the role of intrahepatic LCN2 in human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension and in experimental mouse fibrosis. We found hepatic LCN2 expression and serum LCN2 level markedly increased and correlated with disease severity and portal hypertension in patients with AH. In control human livers, LCN2 expressed exclusively in mononuclear cells, while its expression was markedly induced in AH livers, not only in mononuclear cells but also notably in hepatocytes. Lcn2−/− mice were protected from liver …

A Case Of Streptococcal Surgical Site Infection Following Mohs Surgery, Kami B Lowery, John J Kohorst, C Helen Malone, Ikue Shimizu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal (GAS) cellulitis is an uncommon surgical site infection that presents with rapid onset of pain and swelling in the first few days after a procedure. Unlike staphylococcal cellulitis, GAS cellulitis lacks purulence and spreading erythema. The absence of these classic signs may delay the diagnosis of GAS cellulitis and lead to severe complications. We present the case of an immunosuppressed 49-year-old patient who developed swelling and severe pain at his incision site two days after undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery on his forehead. He was clinically diagnosed with GAS cellulitis and recovered with intravenous antibiotics. Unfortunately, there …

Preparing For Medical Internship: A Case-Based Strategy To Teach Management Of Common Overnight Calls To Students, Erica Lescinskas, Zaven Sargsyan, Uma S Ayyala, Joslyn Fisher

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: More medical schools are offering a transition-to-intern-year course to better prepare graduates for residency. Sessions where students simulate receiving cross-cover calls are frequently included and highly rated. However, simulated sessions are often resource intensive and therefore challenging to implement in all schools. We developed a case-based exercise to address this need.

METHODS: In 2009, our school implemented a required course focused on the transition-to-intern year, including a common overnight calls (COC) module. Students rotated through different stations in small groups which were each led by a facilitator. Topics have evolved in response to feedback, and current topics included altered …

Valsalva-Type Maneuver Induced Cervicofacial Subcutaneous Emphysema: A Case Report, Ashraf Barghash, Maysoun Kassem

Future Dental Journal

Subcutaneous emphysema may occur as a result of surgery, trauma or infectious process, air is forced beneath the tissue and spread along the fascial planes. Conditions that increase intra-thoracic pressure such as excessive coughing, vomiting, sneezing or prolonged Valsalva maneuver may result in volutrauma, with subsequent subcutaneous emphysema. Due to its unclear presentation, diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema may be delayed or even missed. In this report, a case of subcutaneous emphysema, after stress shouting and prolonged bout of coughing, is presented. Imaging studies were consistent with a diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema. The patient responded positively to conservative treatment and discharged …

Evaluation Of Color Change In Cad-On Restorations Using Different Core/Veneer Thickness Ratios And Different Veneer Translucencies, Mennatallah Mohie El-Din Wahba, Amr S. El-Etreby, Tarek Salah Morsi

Future Dental Journal

Statement of problem: The introduction of partially stabilized zirconium dioxide to the dental field created a path for development of new designs and applications, but still, a minimum framework thickness of 0.5 mmwith the remaining thickness of the restoration used for building the ceramic veneer was always recommended. This might have possibly affected the final shade of the restorartion due to the whitish color of Y-TZP. Purpose: This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the color reproduction ability of CAD-veneered zirconia restorations through the effect of different core-veneer thickness ratios and different translucencies of the Cad-on veneering material. Methods: …

Correlation Of Salivary Characteristics With High Risk Of Dental Caries; A Clinical Investigation, Anum Khan, Badar Qureshi, Amir Qureshi, Yaqoot Imtiaz, Sidra Qadeer

Future Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization In Egypt As Measured By Enamel Defect Index A Cross Sectional Study, Fayrouz Saber, Nevine Waly, Dalia Moheb

Future Dental Journal

Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of Egyptian children the aged from 8 to 12 years, using both enamel defect index (EDI) and the diagnostic criteria. Subjects and methods: Sampling was done per unit of time (convenience sample) from 1st of December 2014 till 30th of November 2015 (one year). Clinical visual examination took place on the dental unit, using natural light, teeth were cleaned gently using gauze and were wet with saliva when examined. After dental screening of children, (MIH) data was scored including 12 indexed teeth using the …

Comparative Evaluation Of Fracture Resistance Of Primary Anterior Teeth Restored With Long Dentine Posts And Teeth Restored With Short Fiber Posts: An In Vitro Study, Reham E.L. Ghazawy, Amira Badran

Future Dental Journal

Background: Badly broken primary teeth that require pulp therapy present a high-risk of biomechanical failure due to the loss of tooth substance resulting from pre-existing decay and endodontic therapy itself. The introduction of Biological dentine posts offered an excellent alternative for restoring such teeth. The ideal post material should have physical and mechanical properties that are similar to those of dentine. Accordingly there is no such material other than dentine itself. Another concern in restoring endodontically treated primary teeth is the need to find a material that can resorb in a similar way to natural tooth structure as a part …

Rantes Comparison In Patients With Periodontal Disease - A Prospective Clinical Study, Ena Sharma, Anuj Sharma, Manjari Nadela

Future Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Immediate Implant Placement In Canine Region Using Root Membrane Technique With Follow Up 2 Years Case Report., Mohamed Dohiem, Nouran Abd El Nabi

Future Dental Journal

Following tooth extraction the underlying bone would undergo a lot of a remodeling phases leading to horizontal and vertical bone loss especially in the anterior teeth which results in loss of buccal plate of bone. The presence of sufficient thickness of buccal bone is essential for preservation of natural look and installed implant. A technique was introduced to preserve the sufficient thickness of buccal plate in the anterior region known as root membrane (root shielding). This technique would aim to preserve the root periodontal ligament intact with the root to preserve the buccal plate of bone and prevent the ridge …

Schwannoma Of The Hard Palate: A Case Report And A Systematic Review Of Literature, Bacem A.E.O. Khalele

Future Dental Journal

Schwannomas are relatively slow-growing benign tumors of the nerve sheath. Schwannomas are relatively rare in occurrence. The head and neck region is the least affected site. The clinical features of intraoral schwannoma are not adequately tackled in the literature. The paper underpins the literature for similar cases. This manuscript reports also a rare case of a palatal schwannoma in a 33-year-old female and reviews the challenges of diagnosis and prognosis of hard palate schwannoma.

Effectiveness Of A One Year Oral Health Educational And Preventive Program In Improving Oral Health Knowledge And Oral Hygiene Practices Of A Group Of Autistic Egyptian Children And Their Caregivers, E.A. Abdallah, N.E. Metwalli, A.S. Badran

Future Dental Journal

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder characterized by severe damage in social interaction, language, behavior and cognitive function. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a specially designated educational and preventive program for 1 year in reducing caries activity and preventing caries and periodontal diseases among group of autistic Egyptian children, also to assess the behavior of each child in every visit and to assess the effectiveness of a specially designated educational program in improving oral health knowledge, attitudes and oral practices of parents and caregivers of these children. Basic research design: Longitudinal …

An Innovative Computer Guided Ridge Splitting Flapless Technique With Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Case Report, Mohamed M. Dohiem, Heba E. Khorshid, Khaled A. Zekry

Future Dental Journal

Purpose: In the conventional ridge splitting technique, a complete flap is raised to allow adequate visibility of the bone defect which can result in disturbance of vascular supply and increase bone resorption rates. In this case report, a new innovative computer guided closed alveolar ridge splitting flapless technique has been advocated to avoid this disruption. Materials and Methods: After thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation, the patient presented in this case report showed inadequate bone width in the missing first premolar region.The procedure involved a series of creating and designing special 3D virtual guide slits that can accommodate and precisely fit …

Effect Of Incorporating Undoped Or Silver-Doped Photocatalytic Titanium Dioxide On The Antifungal Effect And Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties Of Long-Term Acrylic Denture Liners, Gihan H. Waly

Future Dental Journal

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating undoped or silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs and Ag-doped TiO2-NPs) on the antifungal activity and dynamic viscoelastic properties of soft acrylic denture liners. Materials and methods: One soft acrylic liner material was used (COE-SOFT, GC America, USA). Triphasic TiO2-NPs were purchased from Nanotech, Egypt. Half the amount of the TiO2-NPs was doped with silver (z100 ppm). The efficiency of the doping process was validated by FTRI analysis. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorption range of both powders (TiO2-NPs and Agdoped TiO2-NPs). For the antifungal activity test, eight …

Finishing Procedures Action On Mechanical Characteristics Of Pressed Ceramics, Mohamed Ahmed, Amina Mohammad Hamdy, Amr El-Etreby

Future Dental Journal

Objectives: The choice of material and sequence of finishing & polishing of pressed ceramics which are broadly used for indirect restorations applying different polishing methods on the glazed ceramic surfaces has not been agreed on yet so a comparison of different finishing protocols on the mechanical strength of pressed ceramics in a clinical simulating trial is of a paramount significance, in this study The effect of different grinding & finishing procedures on the biaxial flexural strength of pressed ceramics was evaluated. Material and methods: all ceramic Ips emax press discs were fabricated with a circular projection in the middle to …