Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sleep And Its Relation With Academic Performance Among Adolescents: An Analytical Cross Sectional Study In Gulshan Town, Karachi, Zainab Mohammad Anjarwala, Niloufer Sultan Ali, Kashmira Nanji, Anum Arshad Beg, Veena Kumari Karmani

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep patterns and their relationship with academic performance among adolescents.
Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2015 in Gulshan Town of Karachi and comprised students in grades 6 to 8 who were selected from six government and private schools. Data was collected regarding their sleeping time, wake-up time, sleep latency and total sleep duration. Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale was administered to calculate daytime sleepiness. Academic performance of students was taken from school academic records. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 440 subjects, 234 (53.2%) were boys …

Predicting Covid-19 Health Behaviors Using The Health Belief Model [Poster], Kristyn Pellymonter, Adam Butler, Theresa Dethlefs

Undergraduate Student Work

Introduction

• Coronavirus is a disease that has caused a global pandemic in 2020.

• Health behaviors such as social distancing and mask wearing help prevent or slow the transmission of COVID-19.

• The Health Belief Model is widely used to predict health behaviors.

• Hypothesis: Perceptions of susceptibility and severity of COVID, and perceived benefits and barriers of health practices will predict social distancing and mask wearing.

Validation Of Kiswahili Version Of Hoqolhivbref Questionnaire Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nuru Kondo, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Eric Aghan, Riaz Ratansi

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background: Quality of life is an important element of surveillance in people living with HIV/AIDS. WHO has developed an HIV specific quality of life tool (WHOQOLHIV-Bref) for assessing Quality of life of HIV individuals. This tool takes into account the different cultural variations that exist worldwide and hence enable assessment of the quality of life across different cultures. Despite its preliminary sound validity and reliability from several studies, the developers recommend it to be validated in different cultures to fully assess its psychometric properties before its adaptation.

Objectives: To evaluate the validity and reliability of WHOQOLHIV-Bref questionnaire in …

State Transition Modeling Of Complex Monitored Health Data, Jörn Schulz, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Kjersti Engan, Trygve Eftestol, Samwel Jatosh, Hussein Kidanto, Hege Ersdal

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

This article considers the analysis of complex monitored health data, where often one or several signals are reflecting the current health status that can be represented by a finite number of states, in addition to a set of covariates. In particular, we consider a novel application of a non-parametric state intensity regression method in order to study time-dependent effects of covariates on the state transition intensities. The method can handle baseline, time varying as well as dynamic covariates. Because of the non-parametric nature, the method can handle different data types and challenges under minimal assumptions. If the signal that is …

Hitting The Bullseye: Are Extracellular Vesicles On Target?, Nicole Noren Hooten, María Yáñez-Mó, Rachel M. Derita, Ashley Russell, Peter Quesenberry, Bharat Ramratnam, Paul D Robbins, Dolores Di Vizio, Sicheng Wen, Kenneth W Witwer, Lucia R Languino

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Breakout Of Vaping-Associated Lung Injuries (Vali) 2019: A Public Health Threat, Sadaf Sheikh, Muhammad Akbar Baig

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Peer-Assisted Learning (Pal): An Innovation Aimed At Engaged Learning For Undergraduate Medical Students, Hasan Salman Siddiqi, Rehana Rehman, Farzeen Fatma Syed, Russell S. Martins, Muhammad Talal Ibrahim, Faiza Alam

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Peer Assisted Learning in teaching at undergraduate level and to assess its effects on Peer Leaders and Peer Learners.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from May to October 2017, and comprised Peer Learners who were trained by faculty members in workshops and pre-run of experiments. Students were divided into two groups; Group A had Peer Learners taught by Peer Leaders, and Group B had those taught by trained lab technologists. Knowledge of the groups was assessed by a quiz using Kahoot. Post-session feedback questionnaires were also filled …

Rapamycin-Mediated Mouse Lifespan Extension: Late-Life Dosage Regimes With Sex-Specific Effects., Randy Strong, Richard A Miller, Molly A. Bogue, Elizabeth Fernandez, Martin A Javors, Sergiy Libert, Paul Anthony Marinez, Michael P Murphy, Nicolas Musi, James F Nelson, Michael Petrascheck, Peter C. Reifsnyder, Arlan Richardson, Adam B Salmon, Francesca Macchiarini, David E Harrison

Faculty Research 2020

To see if variations in timing of rapamycin (Rapa), administered to middle aged mice starting at 20 months, would lead to different survival outcomes, we compared three dosing regimens. Initiation of Rapa at 42 ppm increased survival significantly in both male and female mice. Exposure to Rapa for a 3-month period led to significant longevity benefit in males only. Protocols in which each month of Rapa treatment was followed by a month without Rapa exposure were also effective in both sexes, though this approach was less effective than continuous exposure in female mice. Interpretation of these results is made more …

From Ace2 To Covid-19: A Multiorgan Endothelial Disease, Richard A. Stein, Lauren M. Young

Publications and Research

Editorial

Interactions 2020, Thomas J. Long School Of Pharmacy

Interactions

In each issue of Interactions, the School’s annual magazine you will find stories about students, faculty and alumni from each of our disciplines. Learn about the ways our students, faculty and alumni are impacting their communities through health care outreach. Read about their research and how they are contributing to advances in patient care. Meet our Alumni of the Year and get to know our faculty.

Ventricular Septal Aneurysm Mimicking Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Mass In A Patient With Ventricular Septal Defect., Nikhil A. Mehta Md, Syed Rafay Ali Sabzwari, Sara Godil Md, Ghulam Akbar Md, Raman Dusaj Md, Neeraj Shah

Cardiology Division

A 50-year-old man presented with an episode of chest pain. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed the presence of a large ventricular septal aneurysm partially closing a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, prolapsing into the right ventricular outflow tract, and mimicking a mass. We illustrate the diagnostic approach and management of such ventricular septal aneurysms. (

Maternal Hookworm Infection And Its Effects On Maternal Health: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Tara E Ness, Vedika Agrawal, Kathryn Bedard, Lara Ouellette, Timothy A Erickson, Peter Hotez, Jill E Weatherhead

Library Staff Publications

Hookworm is an intestinal parasite that infects nearly 230 million people, with another 5.1 billion at risk, especially in poverty-stricken tropical and subtropical regions. Pregnancy is an especially vulnerable time for hookworm infection because of its effect on both maternal and subsequently fetal health. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The meta-analysis was performed on the association between maternal hookworm and maternal anemia, as well as maternal hookworm coinfection with malaria. The prevalence of hookworm ranged from 1% to 78% in pregnant women, whereas malaria prevalence ranged from 11% to 81%. Pregnant women with hookworm infection were more likely …

Heroism And Hypocrisy: Seeing Our Reflection With 2020 Vision., Ira Byock

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Thought Leader Comparisons Of Risks In Precision Medicine Research, Laura M. Beskow, Catherine Hammack-Aviran, Kathleen M. Brelsford

Law Faculty Scholarship

Biomedical research is increasingly capitalizing on an array of data to illuminate the interplay between “omics,” lifestyle, and health. Leveraging this information presents opportunities to advance knowledge but also poses risks to research participants. In interviews with thought leaders, we asked which data type associated with a hypothetical precision medicine research endeavor was riskiest: 42% chose ongoing access to electronic health records, 17% chose genomic analyses of biospecimens, and 15% chose streaming data from mobile devices. Other responses included “It depends” (15%), the three types are equally risky (8%), and the combination of data types together is riskiest (3%). When …

Impact Assessment Of Full And Partial Stay-At-Home Orders, Face Mask Usage, And Contact Tracing: An Agent-Based Simulation Study Of Covid-19 For An Urban Region, Hanisha Tatapudi, Rachita Das, Tapas K Das

All publications

Purpose: Social intervention strategies to mitigate COVID-19 are examined using an agent-based simulation model. Outbreak in a large urban region, Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA is used as a case study. Results are intended to serve as a planning guide for decision makers.

Methods: The simulation model mimics daily social mixing behavior of the susceptible and infected generating the spread. Data representing demographics of the region, virus epidemiology, and social interventions shapes model behavior. Results include daily values of infected, reported, hospitalized, and dead.

Results: Results show that early implementation of complete stay-at-home order is effective in flattening and reversing the …

Kujdesi Infermieror Tek Të Sëmurët Me Gjakderdhje Të Poshtme Digjestive, Aferdita Qeriqi

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrja: Gjakderdhja në traktin e poshtëm digjestiv përbën deri në një të tretën e të gjitha hemorragjive të GI dhe është një shkak shumë i shpeshtë i pranimit në spital për shkak të shoqërimit të tij me rritjen e sëmundshmërisë dhe vdekshmërisë.

Qëllimi i punimit është të shpjegohet rëndësia e kujdesit infermieror tek pacientët me gjakderdhje të poshtme digjestiv.

Tek shqyrtimi i literaturës janë treguar shkaktarët e gjakderdhjës së poshtme digjestive, është treguar edhe për faktorët e rrezikut, trajtimin, shenjat etj. Dhe më e rëndësishmja është shpjeguar për vlerësimet dhe ndërhyrjet që duhet të i bëj infermierja në rastet me …

Përdorimi I Cefalosporinave Në Një Regjion Të Caktuar Të Prizrenit, Arianë Maçkaj

Theses and Dissertations

Shëndeti i çdo pacienti është gjëja primare, dhe duhet të ketë një kujdes të veçantë.

Temën që unë zgjedha si punim diplome tregon faktin që unë dua që ta ruaj shëndetin e pacientëve.

Antibiotikët janë një temë e cila shtjellohet shumë pak por është e një rëndësie shumë të madhe sepse kujdesi gjatë aplikimit të medikamenteve ka një rëndësi të madhe rreth marrjes së tyre.

Antibiotikët janë medikamente të rëndësishme që përdoren për mjekimin e infeksioneve bakteriale si në njerëz në kafshë dhe jo në infeksionet virale.

Përdorimi i antibiotikëve në mënyrën e duhur është mënyra më e mirë për …

Kujdesi Infermieror Te Pacientët Me Herniektomi Inguinale, Aurita Zejnullahu

Theses and Dissertations

Hernia përkufizohet si një zgjatje anormale e një organi ose indi përmes një defekti patologjik në murin rrethues.Në përgjithësi, hernia është e zakonshme dhe përgjithësisht besohet se është një gjendje beninje e shoqëruar me një sëmundshmëri të vogël, megjithëse nuk mendohet se shoqërohet me vdekshmëri të konsiderueshme.Në disa raste, një herni mund tëjetë një gjendje vdekjeprurëse.Kjo përmbledhje përfshinë patofiziologjinë, stabilizimin dhe vlerësimin, diagnozën, trajtimin, disponimin dhe rezultatet e hernisë.Shifrat tregojnë vendndodhjet anatomike të mureve të ndryshme të barkut, ijë, lumbale dhe të legenit; një hernie direkte inguinale; një hernie indirekte; sonografitë e pikës së kujdesit që tregojnë një hernie të …

Kujdesi Infermieror Tek Të Sëmurët Me Diabet, Deniza Podrimçaku

Theses and Dissertations

Diabeti është një gjendje kronike e cila ndodhë kur pankreasi i njeriut nuk mund të prodhoj sasi të mjaftueshme të insulinës dhe insulina e prodhuar nuk vepron efektivisht.

Këto dërgojnë në rritjen e sheqerit në gjak dhe në çregullime tjera në organizëm. Një dietë e qëndrueshme dhe e vazhdueshme me një program të rregullt të ushqyeshmëris do të lehtësojë gjitha vështirësitë e të jetuarit me diabet.

Qëllimi i këtij hulumtimi është të njohim diabetin si sëmundje dhe të njihemi më nivelin e njohurive të diabetikëve rreth mënyrës së të ushqyerit dhe disiplinës në ushqyeshmëri.

Tumorët E Kokës Dhe Kujdesi Infermieror, Gresa Shala

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrje:Këtë punim e kam perpiluar ne bazë te shume problemëve, që perballemi ne ditet e sotme e po ashtu gjatë gjithe historisë së njerzimit. Athere tema “Tumoret dhe Kujdesi Infermieror” ështe mjaftë temë atraktive ti hulumtoj të gjitha mundesitë dhë veshtiresitë që do të përballem un si profesioniste shëndetsore në të ardhmen.

Qëllimi Hulumtimi:Qëllimi im në këtë Temë Diplome është të ndergjegjësoj popullaten dhe jo vetëm të kontrollohen për ta parandaluar tumorin,por edhe te luftoj për tv mbijetuar tumorit.

Metodologjia:Gjatë këtij hulumtimi janë perfshirë 41 përsonel shëndetsor gjegjësisht infermier nga klinikat e QKUK.

Konkluzionet:Rezultatet në këtë …

Komplikimet Akute Te Diabeti Mellit, Endrita Etemi

Theses and Dissertations

Në këtë punim trajtohet tema e diabetit duke u përqëndruar me theks të veçantë tek Diabeti mellit dhe komplikimet akute të tij. Sëmundja e diabetit konsiderohet mjaft e komplikuar, së cilës me studimet që i janë bërë, megjithë vështirësive, është arritur t’i gjendet një zgjidhje e pranueshme shkencore.

Marrë parasysh faktin se çfarë po bëhet në botë për luftimin dhe mposhtjen e kësaj sëmundje,në këtë hulumtim do të bëhen përpjekje që të bëhet një shqyrtim i hollësishëm i literaturës shkencore dhe të dalë kështu një punim i vlefshëm në lëmin e diabetit.Vlen të theksohet fakti se, tema është më shumë …

Kujdesi Infermieror Të Të Sëmuret Me Celiaki, Sherife Cakaj

Theses and Dissertations

Sëmundja e Celiakisë (CD) apo enteropatia glutenike është një sëmundje imunologjike e traktit digjestv, e lidhur me glutenin (proteinë e cila gjendet kryesisht në drithëra, grur, thekër dhe elb), prek kryesisht zorrën e hollë, më konkretisht pjesën e duodenit. Përgjigja imunitare e provokuar nga gluteni, prodhon antitrupa që shkaktojnë inflamacion të eritrociteve dhe dëmton vilet intestinale, që janë përgjegjëse për përthithjen e nutrienteve, vitaminave, minerale, elektrolitev duke dëmtuar dhe çon në malnutricon dhe malabsorbim. Shkaku kryesor i kësaj sëmundje është intoleranca ndaj glutenit në persona me predispozitë gjenetike të caktuar. Karakterizohet nga një numër i madh simptomash. Diagnoza përcaktohet përmes …

Ndikimi I Stresit Në Profesionistët Shëndetësor, Ramadan Yzeri

Theses and Dissertations

Stresi është një qregullim emocional i cili mund të krijohet një zhgënjim afatshkurtër apo nga një përvoje e pakëndshme duke ngjallur tek ata persona ndjenjën e tensionit, presionit, zhgënjimit apo emocionet negative të tilla si ankthi dhe zemërimi. Ne do të paraqesim ide kryesore se si mund të menxhojmë punonjësit dhe ti nxisim ata në mënyre që të arrijmë nivele të larta të përformancës së tyrë në punë. Qëllim: Të vlerësoj dhe të analizoj opinionet e profesionistëve shëndetsor mbi rëndësin e stresit në punë dhe performances së tyre. Eshtë me rëndësi edhe identifikimi i punës së infermierëve cilat jane metodat, …

Episiotomy And Its Complications: A Cross Sectional Study In Secondary Care Hospital, Neelofur Babar Khan, Naureen Anjum, Zahra Hoodbhoy, Rabia Khoso

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Episiotomy is a commonly performed procedure at the time of vaginal delivery to prevent perineal lacerations. A study was conducted to evaluate the complications of episiotomy. A sample size of 235 patients was taken. The complications were divided in two groups depending on the time of occurrence after delivery. Out of 235 patients, immediate complications were reported in 10(4.3%) patients. These included perineal tears, postpartum haemorrhage, extended episiotomy, perineal pain, inability to pass urine or stool and vaginal haematoma. Early complications including wound infection, gaping wound and resuturing of wound were reported in 21(8.9%) patients. On multivariate analysis, it was …

An Atypical Case Of Necrotizing Fasciitis Secondary To Perforated Cecal Cancer., Laura S Heidelberg, Erica Pettke, Teresa E Wagner, Lauren Angotti

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Necrotizing fasciitis is an aggressive, life threatening soft tissue infection that requires high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Diagnosis is clinical with management including broad spectrum antibiotics and emergent operative debridement. The majority of cases are secondary to underlying medical processes, local tissue damage, abscess, or inciting procedure, with a paucity of data correlating causation with colon cancer. We describe the case of an 84-year-old man presenting with sepsis of unknown origin who was diagnosed with an atypical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis secondary to a perforated cecal malignancy. His case is unique in that a less virulent polymicrobial infection was …

Semiautomated Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score Helps Direct Bed Placement For Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding., Drew B Schembre, Robson E Ely, Janice M Connolly, Kunjali T Padhya, Rohit Sharda, John J Brandabur

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

OBJECTIVE: The Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS) was designed to identify patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) who do not require hospitalisation. It may also help stratify patients unlikely to benefit from intensive care.

DESIGN: We reviewed patients assigned a GBS in the emergency room (ER) via a semiautomated calculator. Patients with a score ≤7 (low risk) were directed to an unmonitored bed (UMB), while those with a score of ≥8 (high risk) were considered for MB placement. Conformity with guidelines and subsequent transfers to MB were reviewed, along with transfusion requirement, rebleeding, length of stay, need for intervention and death. …

Comparison Of Figure Of Eight And Traditional Simple Wire Closure Method To Prevent Dehiscence After Sternal Closure, Aleezay Asghar, Khawaja Muhammad Talha, Muneer Amanullah, Syed Shahabuddin

Medical College Documents

Objective: To investigate significant differences, if any, between figure of-eight method and simple wire closure technique in reducing the incidence of infectious and non-infectious sternal dehiscence in patients undergoing sternal closure.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department at Aga Khan University from 1st December 2015 to 13th December 2017. The review was registered with PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to December 13, 2017. The search was limited to randomised control trials, clinical trials, retrospective cohort studies, journal analyses, systematic …

Risky Substance Use Behaviors Among Adolescents Residing In Non-Metropolitan And Metropolitan Counties In The United States, 2017-2018, Tyrone F. Borders, Michael D. Singleton, Katherine Youngen

Rural & Underserved Health Research Center Publications

Overview of Key Findings

Tobacco Use. The prevalence of any past year tobacco use was significantly higher among non-metropolitan than metropolitan adolescents (13.9% vs. 8.3%). Daily cigarette use in the past 30 days was more than 3 times more prevalent among non-metropolitan than metropolitan adolescents (1.0% vs. 0.3%) and the difference was also statistically significant.

Alcohol Use. Alcohol was the most commonly used substance among both non-metropolitan and metropolitan adolescents, although the differences in prevalence rates for past year and past 30-day alcohol use were not statistically significant. In the past year, 21.8% of non-metropolitan and 21.7% of …

Risky Substance Use Behaviors Among Adults Residing In Non-Metropolitan And Metropolitan Counties In The United States, 2017-2018, Tyrone F. Borders, Michael D. Singleton, Katherine Youngen

Rural & Underserved Health Research Center Publications

Overview of Key Findings

Tobacco Use. Non-metropolitan adults had significantly higher prevalence rates of past year tobacco use (34.7% vs. 27.9%), daily cigarette use in the past 30 days (16.5% vs. 10.3%), and smoking at least 1 pack of cigarettes per day in the past 30 days (46.9% vs. 39.1%) than metropolitan adults.

Alcohol Use. Non-metropolitan adults had a lower prevalence rate of past year alcohol use (64.0% vs. 71.0%), past 30-day alcohol use (48.7% vs. 56.6%), and past 30-day binge drinking (24.5% vs. 26.7%) than metropolitan adults.

Illicit Drug Use. Overall illicit drug use was significantly …

A Reference Data Set For Image Registration Of The Pelvis Using Combinatorial Rigid Registration Optimization (Corro)., Afua A Yorke, David Solis Jr, Thoas Guerrero

Articles

Purpose Clinical image pairs provide the most realistic test data for image registration evaluation. However, the optimal registration is unknown. Using combinatorial rigid registration optimization (CORRO) we demonstrate a method to estimate the optimal alignment for rigid-registration of clinical image pairs.

Methods Expert selected landmark pairs were selected for each CT/CBCT image pair for six cases representing head and neck, thoracic, and pelvic anatomic regions. Combination subsets of a k number of landmark pairs (k-combination set) were generated without repeat to form a large set of k-combination sets (k-set) for k = 4,8,12. The rigid transformation between the image pairs …