Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Medicine and Health Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2020

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 19141 - 19170 of 20660

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

An Interpretive Phenomenological Study Of Adult Students’ Subjective Theories Of Critical Thinking In Anatomy And Physiology, Elizabeth Anne Dubofsky-Porter Jan 2020

An Interpretive Phenomenological Study Of Adult Students’ Subjective Theories Of Critical Thinking In Anatomy And Physiology, Elizabeth Anne Dubofsky-Porter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Critical thinking is a vital skill for the success of recent graduates, both to increase academic success and improve employability after graduation, especially in health science fields. However, many adult students fail to engage in critical thinking, especially in core courses such as anatomy and physiology (A&P). The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological qualitative study was to better understand adult students’ subjective theories regarding critical thinking and how adult students perceive the use of and any barriers or challenges to critical thinking in A&P while enrolled at Technical University. The theoretical framework that grounded this study was the Paul-Elder theory …

Go to article

Health Literacy And Health Beliefs With Adherence To Antihypertensive Medications In An Urban African American Cohort, Karen Ranae Dukes Jan 2020

Health Literacy And Health Beliefs With Adherence To Antihypertensive Medications In An Urban African American Cohort, Karen Ranae Dukes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African Americans aged 40 to 65 are more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension, and adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication regimens is important in controlling their blood pressure levels. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between health literacy and sociodemographic and clinical factors with adherence to antihypertensive medications among African American adults. The theoretical framework for this study was the health belief model. A quantitative research design was used with participants recruited from churches with African American congregations in the city of Detroit. A convenience sampling method was used to obtain a sample of 79 …

Go to article

Perceptions Of Nurses’ Abilities To Provide Safe Care In Unhealthy Work Environments, Jacqueline Flannery Jan 2020

Perceptions Of Nurses’ Abilities To Provide Safe Care In Unhealthy Work Environments, Jacqueline Flannery

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As many as 90% of nurses report working in an environment where their peers engage in passively and overtly violent activities against other nurses. Working in such an environment is unhealthy and has consequences for the career trajectory of nursing. There is a lack of literature available that specifically addresses nurses’ perceptions of their abilities to provide safe patient care in unhealthy work environments. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of nurses who have experienced lateral violence and their perceptions of their ability to provide safe care. Husserl’s philosophy of phenomenology was used as …

Go to article

The Differences In Nurse Preceptor Role-Frequency And Overall Job Satisfaction, Wendy Fordham Jan 2020

The Differences In Nurse Preceptor Role-Frequency And Overall Job Satisfaction, Wendy Fordham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

For newly licensed registered nurses (NLRNs), a nurse preceptor is an essential resource in a successful transition-to-practice from a nursing education program. Serving in the preceptor role is often performed in addition to a nurse’s primary patient care responsibilities. There is a gap in knowledge about the frequency with which a nurse performs this role and how that frequency affects overall job satisfaction. Using Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory as a framework, the purpose of this descriptive, cross‐sectional, comparative study was to examine how frequently nurses serve as preceptors to NLRNs in the hospital inpatient setting and whether the frequency affects their …

Go to article

Evidence-Based End-Of-Life Care Education For Intensive Care Nurses, Kimberly Ann Hare Jan 2020

Evidence-Based End-Of-Life Care Education For Intensive Care Nurses, Kimberly Ann Hare

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Most nurses have limited education on end-of-life care (EoLC), which can affect their ability to provide care to meet the needs of the dying patient. Nurses in a critical care unit in a hospital in the Southeastern United States lacked education on EoLC for their patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a project guided by Kolcaba’s theory on caring. The staff education project addressed the attitudes and knowledge of 36 nurses before and after an educational presentation on EoLC. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results indicated that 56% of the staff nurses had never received prior education on …

Go to article

Relationship Between Skepticism And Nursing Experiences When Treating Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients, Emily Jabour Jan 2020

Relationship Between Skepticism And Nursing Experiences When Treating Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients, Emily Jabour

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Chronic pain is common, costly, challenging to manage, and affects patients’ quality of life. High confidence is placed in the nurses caring these patients. Nurses displaying skepticism or doubt about patients’ motives for seeking pain treatment contribute to the challenges of effective pain management. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there was a relationship among the nurses’ professional skepticism, level of compassion, and years of experience during the treatment of chronic noncancer pain patients in the acute care setting. The communications model of pain guided the understanding of factors influencing nursing treatment of this patient population. …

Go to article

Predictors Of Larc Use In High School Adolescent Females In The Unitedstates, Gloria J. Mabry Jan 2020

Predictors Of Larc Use In High School Adolescent Females In The Unitedstates, Gloria J. Mabry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Teen pregnancy is a major public health problem in the United States of America. Among many contraceptive methods, long acting reversible contraception (LARC) is popular and effective. However, there was no adequate research study performed to show if minority teenagers are less likely to use LARC. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between adolescent sexual behavior and activity and the use of LARC in females, ages 14 to 19, in high schools across the United States. The theoretical framework used for this study was the health belief model. The study population was 1,496 White, Black/African American, …

Go to article

The Promotion Of Safety And Quality In Fall Prevention, Sheila J. Mercado Jan 2020

The Promotion Of Safety And Quality In Fall Prevention, Sheila J. Mercado

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Falls in a hospital setting are considered one of the most frequent, preventable adverse events that need to be addressed through the creation of safer environments. Nurses play a key element in the prevention and management of injuries related to falls. The focus question for this quality improvement initiative (QII) was whether an evidence-based QII program could reduce falls in the inpatient population. The objective of the project was to improve the practices related to fall prevention to reduce the number of inpatients falls. The change model of Kotter and the Preventing Falls in Hospitals: A Toolkit for Improving Quality …

Go to article

Recognition, Classification, And Help-Seeking Behavior Of Nigerian Immigrants In Minnesota, Frederick Nnabuchionye Jan 2020

Recognition, Classification, And Help-Seeking Behavior Of Nigerian Immigrants In Minnesota, Frederick Nnabuchionye

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Immigrants from non-Western cultures are known to underutilize mental health services in the United States. Part of the problem is in the way how cultures recognize and classify symptoms as a mental disorder. A report from the Minnesota Ombudsman's Office for Mental Health showed that out of every 6 suicide-related deaths in Anoka Regional Treatment Center in Minnesota, 4 are of African descent. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the cultural view of depressive symptoms as possible predictors of attitude toward seeking professional psychiatric help. The theory of reasoned action/ theory of planned behavior provided the framework …

Go to article

Clostridium Difficile Incidence In Acute Care Hospitals: Patient And Hospital Characteristics, Angela Nwachuku Jan 2020

Clostridium Difficile Incidence In Acute Care Hospitals: Patient And Hospital Characteristics, Angela Nwachuku

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) calls for the attention of public research because it allows for investigation of the health practices, resources, and barriers of different health facilities and their surrounding communities. This research study examined the relationship between hospital acquired clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and patient, socioeconomic, and hospital characteristics in the state of New Mexico to determine their correlation with the increased incidence of CDI between 2013 and 2015 and if significant differences exist. The research questions were explored with the implication of the fundamental cause model and the pathways model. New Mexico patients over the age of 18 …

Go to article

Men’S Knowledge And Perceptions Of Cervical Cancer: Influence Upon Increase In Cervical Cancer Screening In Rural Kenya, Lydia Oriko Jan 2020

Men’S Knowledge And Perceptions Of Cervical Cancer: Influence Upon Increase In Cervical Cancer Screening In Rural Kenya, Lydia Oriko

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many facilities in Kendubay, Kenya offer cervical cancer screening and treatment services, yet many women in this rural community do not undergo screening. This lack of preventive care may be attributable to lack of support from men in the community. There exists a gap in the literature concerning the knowledge and perceptions of men about cervical cancer and related screening procedures. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the knowledge and perceptions of men in the community about cervical cancer and screening, and how men’s knowledge and perceptions influence women to undergo cervical cancer screening. The study used …

Go to article

Process, Factors, Resources, And Health Consequences Of Burnout In Psychiatrists, Brittany Elise Plaven Jan 2020

Process, Factors, Resources, And Health Consequences Of Burnout In Psychiatrists, Brittany Elise Plaven

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Burnout among psychiatrists in the United States is prevalent; however, scholarly literature lacks studies exploring why psychiatrists are burnt out, what resources mitigate burnout, and the health implications of burnout, which is needed to improve health education programs for psychiatrists. Understanding the reasons for psychiatrist burnout, the resources that can mitigate burnout, and the health implications of burnout provided the purpose for this dissertation and foundation for the four research questions. The multidimensional theory of burnout, job demands-resource model, and the conservation of resources theory grounded the study. A qualitative, exploratory, multiple case study was conducted using data gathered from …

Go to article

Sociodemographic Factors, Culture, And Suicide In Guyana, Kay Shako Jan 2020

Sociodemographic Factors, Culture, And Suicide In Guyana, Kay Shako

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Suicide in younger populations is a major public health concern and it significantly impacts third world countries like Guyana. Some challenges related to suicide are poor recording of suicide risk factors and customized prevention programs to address this significant issue. The purpose of this study was to examine which sociodemographic factors (age, gender, occupation, method of suicide, and region) are associated with suicide and method of suicide among people aged ≥ 15 years in Guyana. Also, because studies show that culture plays a pivotal role in suicide, this study investigated if there is a link between culture (ethnicity/race and religion) …

Go to article

Clinical Nurse Experts' Experience Of Transitioning To The Novice Nurse Educator Role, Crystal Toll Jan 2020

Clinical Nurse Experts' Experience Of Transitioning To The Novice Nurse Educator Role, Crystal Toll

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Clinical nurse experts are often recruited into educator roles based solely on clinical expertise. Without support and mentorship, clinical nurse experts struggled with transitioning into the educator role. The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of new nurse educators’ transition from a clinical nurse expert to novice nurse educator and to examine the perceptions of supports and barriers. Transitional theory provided the conceptual framework and informed the development of the interview protocol. The research questions focused on the experience of transitioning from expert to novice and on identifying supports and barriers that influenced transition. Using a case …

Go to article

Hiv-Positive Kenyan Women With A Disability: Social Support's Role In Treatment Seeking, Evelyn Williams Jan 2020

Hiv-Positive Kenyan Women With A Disability: Social Support's Role In Treatment Seeking, Evelyn Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Understanding social support from the context of disabled women living in conditions of extreme poverty may be useful in the development of effective interventions to advocate for and improve their likelihood of engagement in HIV-related treatment services. Thus, the purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to examine the relationship between social support and treatment seeking among a sample of HIV-positive Kenyan women with physical disabilities. Correlations were examined between an individual’s source of social support (family, friend, significant other), type of social support (appraisal, tangible, self-esteem, belonging), and HIV-related treatment seeking. Age, marital status, income availability, and disability type, …

Go to article

Peers Erecting Barriers To Another Peer’S Success In The Healthcare Setting, Ricky D. Allen Jan 2020

Peers Erecting Barriers To Another Peer’S Success In The Healthcare Setting, Ricky D. Allen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the healthcare workplace, bullying is shown to negatively impact patient care and safety, workflows, outcomes, interpersonal relationships, performance, mental and physical health, and cause a plethora of other secondary effects. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of high performers or subject matter experts working in the healthcare field and had encountered peer-to-peer interference. The research questions focused on understanding the behaviors and outcomes of peer interference. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was used as the conceptual framework. Data collection was achieved by interviewing 10 participants from a variety of healthcare backgrounds. Participants self-identified …

Go to article

Knowledge And Use Of Health Services Related To Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv In Nigeria, Uduak Bassey Jan 2020

Knowledge And Use Of Health Services Related To Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv In Nigeria, Uduak Bassey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

HIV has remained a global public health issue despite efforts to curb the trend; especially in sub-Saharan African countries where more than 50% of those infected are women, creating implications for infant transmission. The purpose of this study was to assess trends in knowledge of prevention of mother-to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and use of PMTCT-related maternal health services (measured by antenatal care [ANC] in health facilities, use of HIV counseling and testing [HCT] during ANC, and use of skilled birth attendant at delivery [SBA]); as well as the association between knowledge and use of health services among reproductive …

Go to article

Influences On Ethical Decision-Making By Nurses Employed In Federal Health Care Facilities, Cecil Dean Blount Jan 2020

Influences On Ethical Decision-Making By Nurses Employed In Federal Health Care Facilities, Cecil Dean Blount

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Healthcare professionals are tasked with making key decisions involving new and controversial approaches such as organ transplantation and life-prolonging technologies and treatments that raise various ethical issues. Suboptimal ethical choices by nurses can lead to negative patient outcomes and lower the quality of life in federal healthcare facilities. The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative correlational study was to identify the factors that influence nurses’ ethical decision-making processes in U.S. federal healthcare facilities. The theoretical framework was based on Beauchamp and Childress’ ethical system of principlism. Three research questions addressed the nature and extent of the relationship between nurses’ Ethical Behavior …

Go to article

Depression And Awareness Of Mental Health Resources Among Minority And Non-Minority College Students, Henry David Browne Jan 2020

Depression And Awareness Of Mental Health Resources Among Minority And Non-Minority College Students, Henry David Browne

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Minority college students experience higher levels of psychological stress and depression, and lower utilization of mental health resources (MHR) compared to the general student population. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the association between self-reported depressive symptoms and awareness of mental health services among college undergraduate minority and non-minority students, controlling for sex, interest in MHR information, and history of mental illness. The self-determination theory guided the study. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design using secondary survey data from the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). The NCHA dataset included 354,262 respondents from 52 self-selected U.S. colleges …

Go to article

Nutritional Assessment Of Patients In The Intensive Care Unit, Jennifer Maureen Brown Jan 2020

Nutritional Assessment Of Patients In The Intensive Care Unit, Jennifer Maureen Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Impaired nutrition is associated with prolonged hospitalization, poor patient outcomes, high mortality, and increased health costs. Nutritional assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is important in recognition of changes in the patient’s nutritional status from admission to discharge and may promote early nutritional interventions by the health providers to prevent complications of poor nutrition. The purpose of this staff education doctoral project was to assess ICU nurses’ knowledge of nutritional assessment for critically-ill patients and to provide education on an assessment tool for patient nutritional assessment- the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST). The guidelines from the American Society for …

Go to article

Educational Program For Decreasing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections, Josephine Crentsil Jan 2020

Educational Program For Decreasing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections, Josephine Crentsil

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common hospital-acquired illness. Insertion and maintenance of urinary catheters are critical factors that predispose patients to CAUTI. Studies have shown that many nurses have a knowledge deficit regarding evidence-based practices in the insertion and management of urinary catheters, which can help prevent CAUTI. This is a concern because nurses are typically the first point of contact with patients and are responsible for the promotion of evidence-based practice and preventative measures. Therefore, this project aimed to develop an educational intervention for nurses with a focus on proper insertion and maintenance of indwelling urinary …

Go to article

Improving Glycemic Control For Post-Orthopedic Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Allison Dale Jan 2020

Improving Glycemic Control For Post-Orthopedic Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Allison Dale

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem within the United States and a leading cause of mortality. The complications and comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes cause a great financial and resource burden on the healthcare system, and cause negative mental and physical health outcomes for the individual living with it. The complications of poor glycemic control are especially notable following a surgical procedure that requires an inpatient stay. The practice problem for this project is glycemic control following an orthopedic surgery requiring hospitalization. To further analyze the practice problem and to create a clinical practice guideline a robust literature …

Go to article

Motivating Factors For Nurses Aged 65 Years And Older To Extend Their Work Life, Dr. Cynthia M. Dobek Jan 2020

Motivating Factors For Nurses Aged 65 Years And Older To Extend Their Work Life, Dr. Cynthia M. Dobek

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nurses age 65 years and older who retire will leave a knowledge gap in the workforce unless motivated to continue working. A knowledge gap in the workforce is of concern to human resource professionals because healthcare professionals may not be able to keep pace with the increase in patients needing medical care. Grounded in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore what factors motivated nurses aged 65 years and older to extend their work life. The participants comprised 6 nurses aged 65 years and older who were still working or semiretired …

Go to article

Demographic, Lifestyle, And Psychosocial Predictors Of Obesity Among Nigerian Igbo Immigrants, Ahamefula Arthur Duru Jan 2020

Demographic, Lifestyle, And Psychosocial Predictors Of Obesity Among Nigerian Igbo Immigrants, Ahamefula Arthur Duru

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is known as a risk factor for chronic diseases, and a contributor to health disparities among minorities and vulnerable persons. There is a paucity of data on Nigeria Igbos on obesity risks in the United States; therefore, studying obesity in this population may help policymakers tailor interventions that could reduce the prevalence of obesity. The purpose of the study was to examine the predictors of obesity among Nigerian Igbo immigrants in the United States. This study sought to examine lifestyle, psychosocial, and demographic factors as unique predictors of obesity in Nigeria Igbo immigrants. The social-ecological model and acculturation theory …

Go to article

Understanding Male Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence And Women’S Demands For Condom Use, Linda Musu Edwards Jan 2020

Understanding Male Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence And Women’S Demands For Condom Use, Linda Musu Edwards

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sub-Saharan Africa is host to more than 70% (25.5 million) of people with HIV/AIDS. More than half of the reported cases of people living with HIV/AIDS are women who are twice as likely to contract HIV than males in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior was to determine if a relationship between female demands for male partner condom use and male perpetrated intimate partner violence (MPIPV) in opposite sex cohabitating or married couples, as well as examine the relationship between the risk factors of age, education level, socioeconomic status, history of MPIPV, …

Go to article

Moderate-Intensity Risk Reduction Counseling And Acquisition Of Sexually Transmitted Infection, Cindy M. Farina Jan 2020

Moderate-Intensity Risk Reduction Counseling And Acquisition Of Sexually Transmitted Infection, Cindy M. Farina

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem in the United States, with adolescents and young adults to age 25 bearing a disproportionate burden of infection. Risk reduction counseling (RRC) as a strategy to decrease STI incidence has been a focus of scholars. Research examining RRC efficacy has suggested that RRC is effective for 6 to 12 months after treatment. However, study samples have varied by age, ethnicity, race, gender, and geographic location. Whether RRC is effective for more than 1 year is unknown. The purpose of this post hoc chi-square study was to examine the efficacy of moderate-intensity …

Go to article

Incivility Among Nurses, The Influence Of Structural Empowerment: A Systematic Review, Jennifer Gardner Jan 2020

Incivility Among Nurses, The Influence Of Structural Empowerment: A Systematic Review, Jennifer Gardner

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Workplace nurse-on-nurse bullying is a well-known phenomenon in health care organizations at both national and global levels. Healthcare organizations struggle to find effective solutions to help nurses to mitigate bullying and incivility and create safer work environments. The purpose of this systematic literature review doctoral project was to critically appraise the literature to find the best research evidence to show that higher levels of structural empowerment lead to lower levels of incivility and increase nurses’ ability to create safer and more positive work environments. Kanter’s theory of structural empowerment served as the theoretical framework for this review. The evidence-based question …

Go to article

Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Quality Improvement Evaluation, Michelle Groth Jan 2020

Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Quality Improvement Evaluation, Michelle Groth

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

COPD is a progressive, multifaceted, chronic disease with steadily increasing worldwide rates of prevalence, morbidity and mortality, making improved COPD care a global health priority. Current practice guidelines are in place, but the literature continues to demonstrate inadequacies in practice, for example the inconsistent use of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). The purpose of the project was to conduct a quality improvement initiative evaluation of the PR program at a hospital in south-central Idaho. The practice-focused question was: What impact has implementation of a PR program had on COPD care in the area? Donabedian’s framework for healthcare quality evaluation was the theoretical …

Go to article

Community-Based Workers’ Treatment And Relationship With African American Men With Dual Diagnosis, André V. Haley Jan 2020

Community-Based Workers’ Treatment And Relationship With African American Men With Dual Diagnosis, André V. Haley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Helping professionals have a role as service providers when working with African American men with dual diagnosis and incarceration histories. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to understand how helping professionals provided community-based treatment and established a helper/helpee relationship with this population of African American men. Hirschi’s social control theory provided the framework for the study. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from 9 helping professionals who worked with this population in the Northeast United States. Yin’s 5-step model for case studies was used for data analysis and thematic coding. Findings indicated that professionals lacked competency …

Go to article

Epidemiology Of Marijuana Use And Mental Health In The Context Of Changing Policies, David G. Harvey Ii Jan 2020

Epidemiology Of Marijuana Use And Mental Health In The Context Of Changing Policies, David G. Harvey Ii

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, but few studies have addressed this association following the recent increase in marijuana legalization laws. Therefore, using the social ecological model and the self-medication theory of addiction as theoretical frameworks, the purpose of this retrospective database study was to assess the relationship between marijuana use and major depression and suicidal ideation in both adults and adolescents in 2008 and 2017. Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed using logistic regression at the p < .05 threshold for statistical significance. Results demonstrated positive, statistically significant relationships between marijuana use and both major depression and suicidal ideation for both adults and adolescents in both 2008 and 2017. Further, the strengths of these relationships generally increased between 2008 and 2017, coincident with the increase in marijuana legalization laws. These findings provide empirical support to the association between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders, and that the strength of these associations is increasing following the increase in marijuana legalization laws. This study has important implication for positive social change by identifying significant relationships between cannabis use and the development of mental health disorders and revealing that these relationships are strengthening over time, coincident with the increase in marijuana legalization laws.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last