Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Associations Between Sex Work And Stimulant Use By Gender Among People Who Use Methamphetamine In The Mexico-U.S. Border, Itzahi Rodela

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

BACKGROUND: The literature indicates that there is a strong association between sexual risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections and drug use, specifically sex work and stimulant use, respectively. Along the Mexico-U.S. border, Cd. Juarez and Tijuana are cities with high rates of drug use and availability due to lying on major drug trafficking routes into the U.S. There is minimal literature available on sex work among men not exclusively men who have sex with men, and stimulant use in the border region. AIMS: The aim of this study is to (1) summarize the measures for sociodemographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, …

Assessing The Relationship Between Diabetes Causation Beliefs, Diabetes Risk, And Intent To Engage In Healthy Lifestyles Among Mexican American Men, Brisa Evet Rodriguez Alcantar

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: The Hispanic population is the largest growing ethnic group and is estimated to reach 27% of the US population by 2050. Compared to non-Hispanic groups and other racial/ethnic minority groups they have the highest diabetes related mortality rate. Income, education, and health insurance put the Hispanic population at greater risk for diabetes, diabetes related complications, and diabetes mortality. Objectives: The objective of this research is to: 1) identify which diabetes causation beliefs (i.e., biological, psychological, socioenvironmental, behavior, fatalistic) are the most common among Hispanic men; 2) examine the relationship between men's diabetes causation belief and diabetes risk (HbA1c); and …

Qualitative Research In Pharmacy Education: An Exploration Of Pharmacy Education Researchers' Perceptions And Experiences Conducting Qualitative Research, Antonio A. Bush, Mauriell Amechi, Adam Persky

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

Objective. To investigate pharmacy education researchers’ experiences in conducting qualitative research and their perceptions of qualitative research in pharmacy education

Methods. A phenomenological approach was used to conduct one-time, in-depth interviews with 19 participants from 12 schools and colleges of pharmacy. Interview transcripts were coded and themes were identified using a modified form of the Sort and Sift, Think and Shift method of data analysis.

Results. Faculty members were the largest subgroup in the sample, followed by graduate students, postdoctoral fellows/scholars, and residents. Pharmacy education researchers had varying levels of training in conducting qualitative research and some had none at …

Cancer Patients’ Tobacco Use And Tobacco Treatment Referral Response: Implementation Outcomes At A National Cancer Institute- Designated Cancer Center, Tia Borger

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Smoking after cancer diagnosis is linked to cancer-specific and all-cause mortality among other adverse outcomes. Yet, 10-20% of U.S. cancer survivors are current smokers. Implementation of evidence-based tobacco treatment in cancer care facilities is widely recommended, yet rarely accomplished. This study focuses on the early outcomes of a tobacco treatment program integrated within an NCI-designated cancer center. Participants consist of 26,365 patients seen at the cancer center during the first 18 months of implementation. The study is a retrospective chart review of patients’ tobacco use, and among current users, patients’ treatment referral response. Over 99% of patients were screened for …

Who Smokes In Europe? Data From Twelve European Countries In The Tackshs Survey (2017-2018), Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo, Xiaoqiu Liu, Panagiotis Behrakis, Roberto Boffi, Cristina Bosetti, Giulia Carreras, Liliane Chatenoud, Luke Clancy, Xavier Continente, Ruaraidh Dobson, Tobias Effertz, Filippos T. Filippidis, Marcela Fu, Gergana Geshanova, Giuseppe Gorini, Sheila Keogan, Hristo Ivanov, Maria J. Lopez, Angel Lopez-Nicolas, Jose Precioso, Krzysztof Przewozniak, Cornel Radu-Loghin, Ario Ruprecht, Sean Semple, Joan B. Soriano, Polina Starchenko, Marta Trapero-Bertran, Olena Tigova, Anna S. Tzortzi, Constantine Vardavas, Vergina K. Vyzikidou, Paola Colombo, Esteve Fernandez, Tackshs Project Investigators

Articles

Background: Population data on tobacco use and its determinants require continuous monitoring and careful inter-country comparison. We aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates on tobacco smoking from a large cross-sectional survey, conducted in selected European countries.

Methods: Within the TackSHS Project, a face-to-face survey on smoking was conducted in 2017–2018 in 12 countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain, representing around 80% of the 432 million European Union (EU) adult population. In each country, a representative sample of around 1,000 subjects aged 15 years and older was interviewed, for a total of …

Dnp Translation Project: Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practice Of Nicotine Use Among Youth, Amber Clements-Fore

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Vaping among youth is becoming a rapidly growing and dangerous habit leading to respiratory illness, developmental delays, as well as the potential gateway to smoking even substance abuse. Ongoing studies from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and state health departments continue to investigate dangers associated with vaping, but all agree vaping is marketed to and potentially deadly among youth. A pilot study was completed indicating that 92% of middle school age parents would like to know more information about vaping among youth and determined there is a need for further education regarding vaping. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats …

Screening For And Management Of Adult Obesity, Lisa Schafer

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose: To examine the interest of obese adults in participating in a weight management program based on Intensive Behavioral Therapy as recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Methods: During a three-week period, a non-probability consecutive sample of 73 patients with scheduled healthcare appointments at a primary care setting in eastern Arkansas were recruited to complete a 15-item Obesity questionnaire. Eligible participants included non-pregnant, mentally competent adults between the ages of 18 to 65 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. Results: Typical demographic characteristics reflected middle-aged (47 years of age), African American …

Hsp90 Inhibition And Modulation Of The Proteome: Therapeutical Implications For Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Ipf), Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Pavel Solopov, Betsy Gregory, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a catastrophic disease with poor outcomes and limited pharmacological approaches. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been recently involved in the wound-healing pathological response that leads to collagen deposition in patients with IPF and its inhibition represents an exciting drug target against the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Under physiological conditions, HSP90 guarantees proteostasis through the refolding of damaged proteins and the degradation of irreversibly damaged ones. Additionally, its inhibition, by specific HSP90 inhibitors (e.g., 17 AAG, 17 DAG, and AUY-922) has proven beneficial in different preclinical models of human disease. HSP90 inhibition modulates a complex …

Uniting Maternity Care With Neonatal Intensive Care: Analysis Advancing Hospital Experiences For Families Of Newborns Through Design, Stephanie Legg

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The landscape of childbirth has changed immensely over the last century. Medical intervention has surpassed the needs of mother and infant to be together when either requires medical attention. By bringing medical equipment for both into a single hospital room, separation between the two will be decreased. For this study, mothers of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care were questioned with a mix-methods survey to discover what challenges they faced in order to amend the built environment to increase their satisfaction with their hospital and post-birth experience. Mothers showed less ability to interact with their infants when medical needs were …

Evaluation Of Pediatric Acute Ulcerative Colitis Management Protocol, Samantha Simons

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) represent a high-risk population with severe disease that requires hospitalization. This study evaluates the impact of implementing an acute UC management protocol on 39 pediatric patients. After analysis, significant trends were shown for admitted pediatric patients post-protocol implementation, helping to coordinate multidisciplinary care sooner during a hospital stay. The patients were more likely to have a surgical consult, and the surgical consult was completed closer upon admission. The median length of hospital stay did not change, total parenteral nutrition use was increased, and oral steroids upon discharge were decreased. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha was …

Review Of Drug And Biologics Recalls: 2009 Through 2019, Vimala Devi Gollamudi

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study analyzed drugs and biologics recalls for the period of 2009 and 2019. The data used in the study was generated from Food and Drug Administration records. A total of 466 drugs and 84 biologics were recalled during the 11-year period. The common causes of drug product recalls included contamination, defective products, and mislabeling. Defective product, mislabeling, and defective packaging were observed to be the common causes of recall for biologics. Injectables have the highest percentage of recalls in drug products, and blood and blood products had the highest percentage of recalls in biologics. Controlling the contamination of injectable …

Correlates Of Poor Medication Adherence In Chronic Psychotic Disorders, Martha Sajatovic, Carol Blixen, Michelle E. Aebi, Betsy Wilson, Christopher J. Burant, Kristin A. Cassidy, Jennifer B. Levine

Faculty Scholarship

Background Chronic psychotic disorders (CPDs) occur worldwide and cause significant burden. Poor medication adherence is pervasive, but has not been well studied in sub-Saharan Africa. Aims This cross-sectional survey of 100 poorly adherent Tanzanian patients with CPD characterised clinical features associated with poor adherence. Method Descriptive statistics characterised demographic and clinical variables, including barriers to adherence, adherence behaviours and attitudes, and psychiatric symptoms. Measures included the Tablets Routine Questionnaire, Drug Attitudes Inventory, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. The relationship between adherence …

Modulation Of Epileptogenesis: A Paradigm For The Integration Of Enzyme-Based Microelectrode Arrays And Optogenetics, Corwin R. Butler, Jeffery A. Boychuk, Francois Pomerleau, Ramona Alcala, Peter Huettl, Yi Ai, Johan Jakobsson, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Greg A. Gerhardt, Bret N. Smith, John T. Slevin

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Genesis of acquired epilepsy includes transformations spanning genetic-to- network-level modifications, disrupting the regional excitatory/inhibitory balance. Methodology concurrently tracking changes at multiple levels is lacking. Here, viral vectors are used to differentially express two opsin proteins in neuronal populations within dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. When activated, these opsins induced excitatory or inhibitory neural output that differentially affected neural networks and epileptogenesis. In vivo measures included behavioral observation coupled to real-time measures of regional glutamate flux using ceramic-based amperometric microelectrode arrays (MEAs).

RESULTS: Using MEA technology, phasic increases of extracellular glutamate were recorded immediately upon application of blue light/488 nm …

Comparative And Cost Benefit Analysis: Vancomycin Versus Ancef In Total Knee Arthroplasties, Zelda Epperson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the definitive treatment for degenerative joint disease of the knee. Total joint infections, although low, are a complication that can be a massive expenditure on health care systems and patients. Economic costs have the potential of being high for this procedure. It is estimated to treat these TKA infections, primarily methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to be between $68,000 and $107,000. The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine whether vancomycin has greater cost benefits and efficacy in reducing post-operative infection rate of total knee arthroplasties than does cefazolin.

College Athletes And Alcohol Use: The Need For Effective Prevention/Intervention Programs, Paige M. Craig

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The literature review investigates the relationship between alcohol and college athletes. College athletes are a high-risk drinking group; alcohol use amongst collegiate athletes is a major concern due to the consequences associated with use. It is important to review student-athlete behavior and influences that contribute to alcohol use in order to design a program that effectively prevents use and intervenes use when it occurs. Results from original articles were used to support the need for effective prevention/intervention programs for this population based on the severity and frequency of use, negative effects of alcohol, and lack of effective prevention/intervention programs. Coaches, …

Lateral Sub-Cutaneous Route For Anterior Tibial Artery Revascularisation, Zia Ur Rehman

Department of Surgery Docs

No abstract provided.

Fleshy Encounters: Meddling With Zoo And Aquarium Veterinarians, Irus Braverman

Journal Articles

This article aims to make visible expert practices that take place behind closed doors and that are perceived as being of no concern to the public, who wouldn’t understand them anyway. The experts that this article is concerned with are medical practitioners of a particular kind: zoo and aquarium veterinarians. I utilize both text and multimedia presentations to allow the veterinarians I interviewed to directly explain their work to the reader, who may then experience this work, the space and environment where it is performed, and the tools with which it is conducted, on a more affective and sensorial plane. …

Examining Icu Nurses' Knowledge Of Ventilator-Associated Events And Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Dorothy J. Sanders-Thompson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ventilator-associated events (VAEs) are patients' complications of respiratory conditions including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Research shows that VAP is the most common hospital-acquired infection among ventilated patients and a leading source of mortality. With greater risk for complications among ventilated- supported patients, nurses working in the ICU must keep abreast of new knowledge and update expertise to develop technical and clinical skills in daily practice. The purpose of this project was to assess whether an educational intervention would increase the ICU nurses' level of knowledge of the evidence-based intervention. Knowles' adult learning theory was chosen for this project. A paired-samples t-test …

The Perception Of Men's Preferred Female Body Size And Weight Control Behaviors Of Afro-Caribbean Women In The United States Virgin Islands, Alice Victoria Henry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of obesity among Afro-Caribbean women living in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) is a health care issue that can have detrimental effects on society. To reverse the spread of this disease, factors contributing to its prevalence must be understood so that they can be addressed. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine Afro-Caribbean women's perception of the female body size preferred by Afro-Caribbean men and the influence of that perception on the women's weight control behaviors of diet and physical activity. The reasoned action approach was the basis for the theoretical foundation. The research problem …

Lived Experiences Of African Americans 65 And Older After Rural Hospital Closures, Derrick Mike

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African Americans 65 and older have had varied experiences due to losing immediate access to nearby hospitals for urgent treatment for emergency medical conditions. This phenomenological study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of those residing in areas after a rural hospital closure occurred. The hospital was the primary and nearest facility for receiving immediate access to urgent treatment. The research questions focused on the encounters experienced by the participants after the hospital closure. The Health Belief Model was the conceptual framework used for this study. The method and data analysis procedures included interviews, field notes, a life-course chart, …

Recapitulating The Bayesian Framework For Neurosurgical Outpatient Care And A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Telemedicine For Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Patients In The Philippines During The Pandemic, Kevin Paul Ferraris, Jared Paul Golidtum, Brian Karlo W. Zuñiga, Maria C G Bautista, Jose Carlos Alcazaren, Kenny Seng, Joseph Erroll Navarro

Graduate School of Business Publications

Objective: In the Philippines during recent months, a neurosurgical center that caters primarily to socioeconomically disadvantaged patients has encountered unprecedented changes in practice patterns brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the usual task of outpatient care has shifted to the telemedicine format, bringing along all of its attendant advantages and gargantuan challenges. The authors sought to determine the responsiveness of this telemedicine setup to the needs of their disadvantaged patients and explored the application of Bayesian inference to enhance the use of teleconsultation in daily clinical decision-making. Methods: The authors used the following methods to assess the telemedicine …

Hypomorphic Si Genetic Variants Are Associated With Childhood Chronic Loose Stools., Bruno P Chumpitazi, Jeffery Lewis, Derick Cooper, Mauro D'Amato, Joel Lim, Sandeep Gupta, Adrian Miranda, Natalie Terry, Devendra Mehta, Ann Scheimann, Molly O'Gorman, Neelesh Tipnis, Yinka Davies, Joel Friedlander, Heather Smith, Jaya Punati, Julie Khlevner, Mala Setty, Carlo Di Lorenzo

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: The SI gene encodes the sucrase-isomaltase enzyme, a disaccharidase expressed in the intestinal brush border. Hypomorphic SI variants cause recessive congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) and related gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Among children presenting with chronic, idiopathic loose stools, we assessed the prevalence of CSID-associated SI variants relative to the general population and the relative GI symptom burden associated with SI genotype within the study population.

METHODS: A prospective study conducted at 18 centers enrolled 308 non-Hispanic white children ≤18 years old who were experiencing chronic, idiopathic, loose stools at least once per week for >4 weeks. Data on demographics, GI …

The Necessity Of Human Attitude Change And Methods Of Avoiding Pandemics, Donald M. Broom

Animal Sentience

Humans share their biology with other animals and in each of their actions should consider the consequences for all life. A series of measures can be taken by governments and individuals that would minimise inter-specific transfer of pathogens from wildlife and reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Plant-Based Diets And Covid-19: Those Who Harvest Crops Are At High Risk, Jarret S. Lovell

Animal Sentience

This commentary extends Wiebers & Feigin’s (2020) plea to adopt diets that are less dependent on animals by calling on experts and activists to work for change with regard to farm worker labor conditions. Already doing among the most dangerous jobs, farmworkers are at increased risk of COVID-19. As we increasingly transition to plant-based diets, we must all ensure that farmworkers have safe and just working conditions to meet the demands of our changing diets.

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound (Pocus) Workshop For Internal Medicine Residents: A Pre/Post-Training Assessment Of Confidence And Knowledge, Abraham Lee, Cesar Gutierrez, Michelle Lopez

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Across the country, internal medicine residency training programs are having difficulty figuring out how to optimally implement an effective point-of-care ultrasound training into their respective curricula. This study aimed to assess whether a week-long training course of didactics, followed by hands-on practice, improved both the confidence and knowledge skills of internal medicine residents using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The trainees were asked to complete pre/post-training surveys, which tested their ability to interpret POCUS images and also asked them to score their confidence in using POCUS. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in not only their confidence in using POCUS, but also …

Psychiatric Assessment Of A Spanish Understanding Patient Who Is Deaf – A Literature Review, Vania Nwokolo, Francisco Fernadez

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Mental illness can be misdiagnosed amongst the population who are deaf or hearing impaired. It is important to have the effective tools and resources necessary to appropriately diagnose mental health diseases within this population. In this paper, the authors present a review of the literature on this topic and its significance.

Follow-Up Nurse Telephone Calls For Heart Failure Patients: A Case Study, Danielle M. Schievelbein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Follow-up care is essential when trying to avoid readmissions for patients who have recently been discharged from a healthcare facility. As evidenced by the literature, multiple strategies have been implemented to help manage the care of heart failure patients; however, readmissions continue to be higher than desired, which implies the current strategies utilized should be reviewed and revised. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of methods when providing follow-up care that prevents readmissions and is also beneficial and convenient for the patient. The qualitative case study explored a heart failure follow-up protocol completed by a registered nurse using the …

Giving Voice To Adults Living With Cystic Fibrosis: A Phenomenological Study, Brandon M. Varilek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most difficult chronic diseases to manage long-term because of the numerous challenges faced on a day-to-day basis. Historically, these challenges have primarily been studied using quantitative methods given the desire to prolong life. However, simply increasing the quantity of life does not mean that quality of life will improve. It is entirely possible that new treatments may worsen perceived quality of life. What is missing from the current research is the person’s voice regarding the experience of living with cystic fibrosis, especially as they continue to age. The primary purpose of this study was …

Digilego For Peripartum Depression: A Novel Patient-Facing Digital Health Instantiation, J Rodin, C Timko, S Harris

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Digital health technologies offer unique opportunities to improve health outcomes for mental health conditions such as peripartum depression (PPD), a disorder that affects approximately 10-15% of women in the U.S. every year. In this paper, we present the adaption of a digital technology development framework, Digilego, in the context of PPD. Methods include mapping of the Behavior Intervention Technology (BIT) model and the Patient Engagement Framework (PEF) to translate patient needs captured through focus groups. This informs formative development and implementation of digital health features for optimal patient engagement in PPD screening and management. Results show an array ofPPD-specific Digilego …

Does Crizotinib Work Better In Reducing The Chest Pain Of Alkpositive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Compared With Chemotherapy?, Qian Sun

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this EBM review is to determine whether or not crizotinib works better in reducing the chest pain of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with chemotherapy.

Study Design: This paper evaluates three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were all published in peer-reviewed journals in English after 2013.

Data Sources: Three RCTs comparing the efficacy of crizotinib in reducing the chest pain in ALKpositive non-small cell lung cancer patients with chemotherapy including pemetrexed and docetaxel. Articles were selected via PubMed based on the outcomes of the studies mattered to patients (POEM).

Outcomes Measured: The European …