Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mitigating A Covid-19 Outbreak Among Major League Baseball Players - United States, 2020, Meghan T. Murray, Margaret A. Riggs, David M. Engelthaler, Caroline Johnson, Sharon Watkins, Allison Longenberger, David Brett-Major, John Lowe, M. Jana Broadhurst, Chandresh N. Ladva, Julie M. Villanueva, Adam Macneil, Shoukat Qari, Hannah L. Kirking, Michael Cherry, Ali S. Khan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Mass gatherings have been implicated in higher rates of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and many sporting events have been restricted or canceled to limit disease spread (1). Based on current CDC COVID-19 mitigation recommendations related to events and gatherings (2), Major League Baseball (MLB) developed new health and safety protocols before the July 24 start of the 2020 season. In addition, MLB made the decision that games would be played without spectators. Before a three-game series between teams A and B, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health was notified of a team A …

Does Vibration Anesthesia Improve Pain Tolerance In Patients Receiving Cosmetic Facial Injections?, Rachel N. Westerbeck

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does vibration anesthesia improve pain tolerance in patients receiving cosmetic facial injections?”

Study Design: Review of three randomized, blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials published between the years of 2011 and 2017.

Data Sources: All studies were published in peer-reviewed journals that were located using PubMed database searches as well as Cochrane Collaboration.

Outcome Measured: Pain reduction was measured using a Likert-type pain scale which was either rated 0-10; 0 was rated as no pain, 5 being moderate and 10 being the worst pain ever experienced. The 5-point …

Is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Effective In Treating Shoulder Tendonitis?, Madison H. Day

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not extracorporeal shock wave therapy is effective in treating shoulder tendonitis.

STUDY DESIGN: This review paper analyzes two, double-blind, randomized control trials (RCTs) and one retrospective cohort study. The population included adults with calcified or non-calcified shoulder tendinitis. The intervention was extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). The groups receiving ESWT in the RCTs were compared to those receiving placebo probes.

DATA SOURCE: Each article was a primary research design published in English after 2015 in peer-review journals.

OUTCOMES: The outcomes measured were patient-oriented evidence that matters, including …

Does Phonophoresis Using Nsaids Reduce Osteoarthritis Knee Pain?, Amber R. Wobma

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not phonophoresis using NSAIDs reduces osteoarthritis knee pain.

Study Design: Systematic review of three double-blind randomized controlled trials published between the years 2013 and 2018.

Data Sources: Published peer-reviewed articles obtained through PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration. Articles were selected based on relevance to my clinical question and if they included patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcomes Measured: Pain severity was self-reported by patients using a visual analog scale (VAS) on a continuum of 0-100; 0 representing no pain at all and 100 representing the worst pain imaginable. Participants in all …

Is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy An Effective Treatment For Adult Patients With Tinnitus?, Ashlyn C. Smith

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective treatment for adult patients with tinnitus.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2012 and 2017 and one cohort study published in 2018.

DATA SOURCES: Data sources for this review are articles published in peer-reviewed journals retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane Library.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes evaluated are tinnitus severity and tinnitus distress as determined by the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and overall negative affect as determined by the Tinnitus Psychological Impact Questionnaire (QIPA). The …

Is Pain Intensity Reduced By The Application Of Kinesio Tape In Postmenopausal Women With Mild To Moderate Venous Insufficiency?, Yeimi Ortiz Chavez

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not “Is pain intensity reduced by the application of kinesio tape in postmenopausal women with mild to moderate venous insufficiency?”

STUDY DESIGN: A systemic review compiling data from three randomized controlled trials between 2013 and 2014, all in the English language.

DATA SOURCES: Three pertinent studies evaluating the reduction of pain intensity in postmenopausal women with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency were included in this review. Sources were selected using PubMed and Cochrane Library.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: Patient perception of pain using a Visual …

Are Curcuminoids Effective In Reducing Pain In Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis?, Lauren Tanna

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not curcuminoids are effective in reducing pain in adults with knee osteoarthritis.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a systematic review which evaluates three randomized controlled trials (RCT’s) published in peer reviewed journals between 2016-2018.

DATA SOURCES: The data sources used for this review were found using PubMed and Cochrane Library. Data was chosen based on relevance to the clinical question and if patient-oriented evidence that matters (POEMS) were included.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: All three studies measured curcuminoids and its effects on pain reduction in adults with knee osteoarthritis using …

Does Music Therapy Decrease Anxiety Levels In Pre-Operative Cesarean Section Patients?, Carolynn E. Saba

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective stated as follows: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not music therapy decreases anxiety levels in pre-operative cesarean section patients.

Study Design: A systematic review of 3 randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in 2012, 2012, and 2018; all in the English language.

Data sources: All three RCT’s were from peer-reviewed journals, found on the PubMed database. These articles were chosen based on their relevance to the chosen topic and included patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcome(s) Measured: Patient outcomes were measured using a Visual Analog scale (VAS), Mood State Scale, and the Zung Self Rating Anxiety …

Do Abdominal Binders Placed After Cesarean Delivery Reduce Postoperative Pain?, Skyler Tuholski

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not “Do abdominal binders placed after cesarean delivery reduce postoperative pain?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies written in English, published between the years 2016 and 2018.

DATA SOURCES: All three studies are randomized controlled trials found using PubMed database, and they were the only existing RCTs evaluating this objective published at the onset of this review.

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcome measured in each study is self-reported pain on postoperative day 1 following cesarean delivery. Pain is measured on a scale from …

Are Prp Injections Effective At Decreasing Chronic Low Back Pain In Adults?, Bobbi Webb

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not “Are PRP injections effective at decreasing chronic low back pain in adults?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of two randomized control trials and one prospective clinical evaluation written in English, published after the year 2012.

DATA SOURCES: All three articles were found in peer review journals published via PubMed Database.

OUTCOME MEASURED: The primary outcome measured in each study is self-reported pain at baseline and 4 weeks following injection of PRP or the comparison. The visual analog scale and a generic numeric rating scale were …

Does The Addition Of Ginger Decrease Migraine Pain?, Stephanie Nguyen

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “does the addition of ginger decrease migraine pain”.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies published between the years of 2011-2018.

DATA SOURCES: Three double-blinded randomized control trials were chosen from the Cochrane Library and PubMed and selected based on patient oriented outcomes and their relevance to the clinical questions. The study by Martins et al., (Cephalalgia. 2018; 39(1):68-76. doi: 10.1177/0333102418776016) compared the addition of ginger vs placebo. The study by Maghbooli et al., (Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(3):412–415. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4996.) compared the addition of ginger …

Is The Use Of Kinesio Tape (Kt) Effective In Reducing Pain Postoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Acl) Surgery?, Annabeth D. Pruett

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not is the use of Kinesio Tape (KT) effective in reducing pain post-operative anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trial studies that were published between 2013 and 2017 in peer reviewed journals. Two articles were published in English language while one article was published in Polish language then translated to English language.

DATA SOURCES: All three randomized control trials were found via PubMed

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The primary outcomes measured by the patient and investigator was the efficacy of KT in the …

In Adults With Eating Disorders, Is The Use Of Online-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effective In Reducing Eating Disorder Psychopathologies?, Lyndsey Rodabaugh

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether “In adults with eating disorders, is the use of online-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) effective in reducing eating disorder (ED) psychopathologies?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2017.

DATA SOURCES: Articles included are data from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found via PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration database sites in the English language.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The outcomes measured were eating disorder psychopathologies using a global score obtained from the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The global score is comprised of …

Is Pulse Ultrasound Effective At Decreasing Pain In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis?, Shannon Dieffenderfer

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is pulse ultrasound effective at decreasing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis?”

Study Design: Review of three double-blind, randomized, controlled trials published after the year 2013.

Data Sources: Studies were published in peer-reviewed journals, found using PubMed database searches and were selected based on patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcome Measured: The pain Visual Analog Scale is a unidimensional, continuous scale of pain intensity usually 10cm in length, anchored by “no pain” (score of 0) and “worst imaginable pain” (score of 10). Patients self-report by placing a line on …

Is Exercise Beneficial To The Functionality Of Elderly Individuals?, Nicholas L. Caputo

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not exercise improves the functionality of elderly individuals.

STUDY DESIGN: A review of three peer-reviewed studies published between 2012 and 2018.

DATA SOURCES: One unblinded randomized controlled trial, one blinded randomized control trial, and one matched-control group with randomized groups to show if exercise is beneficial to the functionality; focusing mainly on physical health, of elderly individuals.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome measured in this study is the quality of life of the patients in regards to their physical health from questionnaires filled out by the participants.

RESULTS: …

Is Taking Montelukast As Monotherapy Effective In Relieving Daytime Nasal Symptoms In Individuals With Allergic Rhinitis?, Linh Ngan

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not montelukast as a monotherapy is effective in relieving daytime nasal symptoms in individuals diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.

STUDY DESIGN: A systemic review of three primary randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-review journals in 2018. All articles were published in the English language.

DATA SOURCES: One single-center, randomized, open-label study; one randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, phase III trial study; and one double-blinded, randomized, parallelgroup, comparative study evaluating if montelukast taken as monotherapy can improve daytime nasal symptoms in individuals with allergic rhinitis. Sources were selected from Google …

Does Yoga Provide Any Analgesic Benefits In Adolescents With Primary Dysmenorrhea?, Stephanie Arkin

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the effects of yoga improve pain management in the adolescent population with primary dysmenorrhea.

DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trials (RCTs), all three written in English, and were published in 2011,2013, and 2017.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized control trials were published in peer-reviewed journals found via PubMed, Medline, and International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Pain intensity and Quality of Life (QOL) were measured using the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VASP), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and SF-36 Short …

Does Animal-Assisted Therapy Reduce Anxiety In Pediatrics?, Kimberly Carroll

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not animal-assisted therapy reduces anxiety in pediatrics.

Study Design: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2015 and 2017 were reviewed. All studies compared the effects of animal assisted therapy to a control group consisting of a simple distracting game or medical treatment alone on the self-reported anxiety levels of patients receiving medical treatment under the age of 18.

Data Sources: All sources were published in English in peer reviewed journals within the last 10 years (2008-present). They were found using databases such as PubMed, Cochran library, …

Is Ginger Effective At Ameliorating Chemotherapy Induced Nausea When Used Adjunct To Standard Antiemetics In Cancer Patients?, Sara A. Brewer

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine if ginger is effective at ameliorating chemotherapy induced nausea when used adjunct to standard antiemetics in cancer patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials published in 2015, 2017, and 2018.

DATA SOURCES: Data sources for this review were articles published in peer-reviewed journals using PubMed and Cochrane Databases.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: The outcomes measured are ginger’s effect on the incidence of chemotherapy induced nausea, ginger’s effect on the severity of chemotherapy induced nausea, and ginger’s effect on delayed nausea in patients taking chemotherapy.

RESULTS: Two out of …

Does Irish Set Dancing Effectively Improve The Quality Of Life In Patients With Parkinson’S Disease?, Kenneth Anderson Jr

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this evidence based medicine (EBM) review was to determine whether or not Irish set dancing effectively improves the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s Disease.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies published between the years of 2013 though 2016.

DATA SOURCES: The first study reviewed was a pilot multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT), the second study reviewed was a single blind, parallel group RCT, while the third study was an observational case study. All three studies were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question and their inclusion of patient reported …

Do Injections Of Onabotulinumtoxina Reduce Migraine Attack Frequency In Adults?, Michael Allen

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not “Do injections of OnabotulinumtoxinA reduce migraine attack frequency in adults?”

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2017.

DATA SOURCES: One randomized controlled trial; one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial; and one observational, open-label, cohort study comparing frequency of migraine in adults when injected with OnabotulinumtoxinA (OBT-A). Based on their ability to answer the clinical question, articles were selected from PubMed and Cochrane Library.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: All articles were based on patient oriented outcomes and focused on …

Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effective In Alleviating Ibs-Related Symptoms Experienced By Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome?, Nathan J. Ambrose

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in alleviating IBS-related symptoms experienced by patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published in peer-reviewed journals in 2009, 2010, and 2018, all in the English language.

DATA SOURCES: All three studies discussed in this systematic review were found and accessed using PubMed.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Reduction of IBS symptoms as measured by the IBS-SSS questionnaire and the IBS symptom score analysis.

RESULTS: All three studies yielded a statistically significant reduction …

Does Sarilumab 200mg Result In Functional Improvement In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Cannot Tolerate The Traditional Line Of Treatment?, Emily P. Andreano

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Sarilumab 200mg results in functional improvement in patients who cannot tolerate the traditional line of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.

Study Design: Review of three randomized control trials (RCTs), published after 2013 all in the English language

Data Sources: 1 double blind, RCT comparing sarilumab 200mg against traditional treatment of TNF-alpha inhibitor adalimumab. 2 RCTs comparing efficacy of sarilumab 200mg to different dosages in patients that had an inadequate response or were unable to tolerate methotrexate (MTX) or TNF-a inhibitor. All studies were found using PubMed.

Outcomes …

Are Prp And Ha Injections Beneficial For Symptomatic Relief When Administered As Combination Therapy In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis?, Saniya M. Ahmed

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Are PRP and HA injections beneficial for symptomatic relief when administered as combination therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis?”

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of two randomized control trials (RCTs) and one case series published between 2016-2018.

DATA SOURCES: Sources were found using PubMed and Cochrane. Sources were selected based on patient-oriented evidence of therapeutic effects from HA and PRP injections as monotherapy and combination therapy in symptomatic relief for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Patient-reported pain score was recorded after treatment using Visual Analog …

Dean's Research Newsletter, Winter 2020, Jerry L. Nadler

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Cardiometabolical Risk Factors Associated With Renal Function In Apparently Healthy Young Students: A Cross-Sectional Study, Lucia M. Perez-Navarro, Rafael Valdez-Ortiz, Araceli Alegria-Diaz, Miguel Murgia-Romero, Rafael Jimenez-Flores, Rafael Villalobos-Molina, Srinivas Mummidi, Ravindranath Duggirala, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) appear decades before developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood.

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and association between CMRFs and kidney function in apparently healthy young adults (18-25 years old).

Methods: We included 5531 freshman year students. Data collected on CMRFs included central obesity, high body mass index (hBMI >25), blood pressure, glycemia, lipids, uric acid (UA >6.8 mg/dL), and insulin. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration formula. We used logistic regression and a log linear for odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence level) and probabilities.

Results: …

Tannic Acid Inhibits Lipid Metabolism And Induce Ros In Prostate Cancer Cells, Prashanth K.B. Nagesh, Elham Hatami, Pallabita Chowdhury, Shashi Jaun, Nirnoy Dan, Vivek Kumar Kashyap, Subhash C. Chauhan, Meena Jaggi, Murali M. Yallapu

School of Medicine Publications

Prostate cancer (PCa) cells exploit the aberrant lipid signaling and metabolism as their survival advantage. Also, intracellular storage lipids act as fuel for the PCa proliferation. However, few studies were available that addressed the topic of targeting lipid metabolism in PCa. Here, we assessed the tannic acid (TA) lipid-targeting ability and its capability to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PCa cells. TA exhibited dual effects by inhibiting lipogenic signaling and suppression of lipid metabolic pathways. The expression of proteins responsible for lipogenesis was down regulated. The membrane permeability and functionality of PCa were severely …

Fbxw7-Mediated Stability Regulation Of Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 2 In Melanoma Formation, Cheol-Jung Lee, Hyun-Jung An, Seung-Min Kim, Sun-Mi Yoo, Juhee Park, Ga-Eun Lee, Woo-Young Kim, Dae Joon Kim, Han Chang Kang, Joo Young Lee

School of Medicine Publications

In this study, we provide critical evidence that STAT2 stability regulation plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation and colony growth. We found that the interaction of FBXW7 and STAT2 induced STAT2 destabilization via a ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway. Notably, GSK3β-mediated STAT2 phosphorylation facilitated STAT2–FBXW7 interactions via the DNA binding domain of STAT2 and domains 1, 2, 6, and 7 of FBXW7 WD40. Importantly, the inverse correlation between protein levels of STAT2 and FBXW7 were observed not only in human melanoma cells but also in a human skin cancer tissue array. The relationship between protein levels of STAT2 and …

Growth And Performance Of Terminal Sired Calves Grazing Range Or Meadow Pasture, Robert L. Ziegler, Tonya L. Meyer, Jacki A. Musgrave, J. C. Macdonald, J. Travis Mulliniks, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Multiparous dams were assigned to be bred by artificial insemination or natural service to bulls with terminal traits. Additionally, the cow- calf pairs grazed upland range or sub- irrigated meadow from June 1 to weaning in November. Two weeks aft er weaning, calves entered the feedlot as calffeds. Natural service range calves had the lightest weaning weights, final live weights, and hot carcass weights. Additional days on feed may be required for natural service range calves to reach similar body weights and carcass characteristics as other treatments. Average daily gain and feed conversion was improved in calves that grazed range …

Evaluation Of Masters Choice Corn Silage On Growing Steer Performance, Jiehua Xiong, Bradley M. Boyd, Levi Mcphillips, Kyle Vosburgh, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A growing study evaluated three corn silage hybrids on growing steer performance. Th e three hybrids were: a conventional hybrid- Farm Choice (CON) commonly grown in Eastern Nebraska which served as the control, Masters Choice hybrids MCT6365 RIB (MC1) selected to improve fi ber and starch digestion and MCT6733 GT3000 (MC2) that has been selected to improve fi ber digestion in cattle. Relative to CON, feeding hybrid MC1 resulted in similar DMI, but numerically increased ADG which significantly improved F:G compared to CON. Feeding MC2 led to greater DMI, similar ADG, and poorer (greater) F:G compared to CON. Feeding Masters …