Prevalence Of Restricted Spirometry Within Two Eastern Kentucky Counties A Cross Sectional Study, Quincy Bascombe

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: This study examines the prevalence of restrictive spirometry in Eastern Kentucky and its association among men and women with various demographic and exposure (occupational and environmental) factors.

Methods: A cross sectional, cluster sample (N = 685) of participants from Letcher and Harlan Counties, aged 21 and over, answered a questionnaire focused on risk factors for respiratory health outcomes including questions on demographic, health, occupational, and environmental exposures variables. Pulmonary function tests were administered to all participants with no significant cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events within the past 30 days. Log-binomial regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) …

Analysis Of High Potency Anticholinergic Prescribing In Scottish Nursing Home Patients, Alexandra Nugent

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the use of two or more high-potency anticholinergic (HPA) medications between patients 65 years and older in nursing homes and in the greater community using prescribing data. Methods: This secondary data analysis of the NHS Scotland PIS databased used prescription data from a nationally representative patient-level database. Patients were included were ≥65 years old, received ≥2HPA prescriptions from 2011Q2-2012Q1(11/12), 2016Q1-2017Q2(16/17), 2018Q2-2017Q1(18/19). The principle endpoint of this study was to assess for a change in patient’s relative risk of receiving ≥2HPA prescriptions. Results: 29,301 patients were identified. From 11/12 to 16/17 all …

Policy Analysis Of California Senate Bill 1138: Mandating Plant-Based Meal Options In Hospitals And Prisons, David Morton

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Obesity, chronic disease, and poor nutrition are prevalent in the United States while healthcare costs rise. Nutritional research advancements have suggested the healthfulness of plant-based diets. In 2018, the California state senate passed Senate Bill 1138, requiring plant-based meal options in hospitals and prisons. This paper sought to examine the context surrounding the bill, determine the appropriateness of the bill, and recommend next steps for nutritional policies in the United States. In a review of the literature, malnutrition in hospitals and prisons is highly prevalent, and state governments have already made efforts to improve their citizens’ nutrition. In this analysis, …

Utilization Of A Community Pharmacy-Based Service For The Treatment Of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections In Scotland, Robert Borchardt

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction: In November 2013, Scotland piloted a program in Grampian for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in community pharmacies, increasing health access for patients and reducing general practitioner workload. This program became known as ‘Pharmacy First’ and was later implemented nationwide in November 2017. This paper seeks to understand utilization of the Pharmacy First program across Scotland by patients and potential barriers to access.

Methods: Using data from the Prescribing Information System collected by the National Health Service of Scotland from July 2013 to April 2019, orders for uncomplicated UTIs were gathered by examining all nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim …

Assessing The Impact Of Raising The National Minimum Purchase Age Of Tobacco To 21 On Tobacco Use In Youth, Nicholas D. Guerra

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction: Tobacco use is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States with roughly 500,000 premature deaths a year and 3,200 youth smoking their first cigarette daily. On December 20, 2019, President Trump signed legislation to raise the federal minimum age of sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21 years, effective immediately. Prior to this recent regulation, over half of the US population was enforcing this age restriction. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of tobacco 21 laws on tobacco use and project the national tobacco impact by using the state experiences …

Community Collaborations For Health Improvement In Laurel County, Kentucky: A Case Study, Kendall Ferrell

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Kentucky is currently ranked fifth in the United States for opioid-involved overdose deaths. This study assesses how the results of a community health needs assessment have developed collaborative community effort to create and expand services and programs to address opioid and substance use disorder in Laurel County, Kentucky. This particular community continues to rank opioid and substance abuse as a major health concern causing efforts to be put in place to create an opioid response program. A consortium was formed that developed the community health needs assessment survey. The results from the survey were then incorporated in to a strategic …

Asthma In Scotland: Prescribing Trends Since The National Review Of Asthma Deaths (Nrad), Quentin Kenner

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Asthma in Scotland: prescribing trends since the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD)

Purpose: Asthma remains prevalent worldwide with implications for morbidity and mortality. In Scotland, 1 in 14 people are currently being treated for asthma. Asthma burden prompted the creation of the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD), which identified contributing factors. Since the NRAD, guidelines have changed and therapeutic indicators have been developed with an increased emphasis on controller medications. Few publications describe how the NRAD study affected prescribing and if inequalities among the asthmatic population exist. This study aimed to determine whether patients were receiving appropriate treatment …

Dalbavancin In The Community Emergency Department, Wesley Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction

Dalbavancin is an antibiotic within the class of medications known as lipoglycopeptides. This medication is given to patients presenting to the hospital with acute skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSI). This is a unique medication because it is given as a one-time dose in the outpatient setting and it could prevent patients from requiring admission to the hospital.

Methods

The emergency department (ED) at Good Samaritan community hospital performed a trial period with dalbavancin and data was collected from November 2018 to March 2020. Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain patient data and outcomes. Patients would be contacted by …

Describing Interventional Approaches To The E-Cigarette/Juuling/Vaping Epidemic In Eastern Kentucky High Schools: A Case Study, Taylor Miller

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Problem: Over the past few years there has been significant increase in vaping/juuling/e-cigarette use among the adolescent population. Since this is a new health issue, there are very few intervention programs for teens to receive education about these devices and support for quitting/treatment. The aim of this study was to provide insight on interventions that have already been implemented to provide direction for those seeking to design their own vape/juul/e-cigarette intervention. This was assessed by comparing approaches and lessons learned during the intervention implementation process.

Methods: The study was conducted using a case study approach. The researcher conducted interviews with …

Improving Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In Perry County, Vashisht Madabhushi

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Appalachian Kentucky has one of the highest incidence and mortality rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) in the country. CRC is curable if identified early through screening. However, Perry County has suboptimal screening levels. A multimodal program of patient reminders and mailed screenings will be used to increase CRC screening rates in Perry County. The primary outcome will be evaluated using a T-test for this prospective cohort study. Short term outcomes include increased CRC screening rates in delinquent patients. Long term outcomes include increased CRC detection rates and decreased CRC mortality in Perry County.

Implementing The Be Proud! Be Responsible! Program In Wolfe County Public Schools, Casey Gill

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Kentucky’s teen pregnancy rate is higher than the national average, and Wolfe County has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the state. Teen pregnancy causes adverse health effects for both mother and baby. Teen mothers have a higher likelihood of dropping out of high school, increased health problems related to pregnancy such as preterm labor and preeclampsia, increased risk of being a single parent, and lower income and SES status. The baby is also affected, with an increased risk of living in a single parent household, and living in poverty. The Kentucky River District Health Department plans …

An Analysis Of The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Food Insecurity Within The United States, Margaret Brooks

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Adverse childhood experiences and food insecurity are significant public health issues within the United States. Previous studies have established the overall relationship between ACEs and food insecurity. This research investigates the statistical relationship between individual ACE indicators and food insecurity as well as the relationship between having two or more ACEs and food insecurity.

Diabetes Locus Of Control And Depression In Older Adults With Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes: The Study Of Longevity In Diabetes, Jahvona Pretty

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Abstract:

Objective: To determine if diabetes locus of control (dLOC) is associated with depression in older adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and whether this association differs by diabetes type.

Methods: Data for the current study were obtained from The Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID), a prospective cohort study of aging, and diabetes. SOLID participants aged 60 and older with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and without diabetes were recruited from members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). For the current study, we excluded all of the participants without diabetes since the primary exposure, …

Maternal Demographic And Psychosocial Factors Associated With Low Attendance Of A Centeringpregnancy Prenatal Care Program Among A Group Of High-Risk Women From Kentucky., Javeria Zafar

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Abstract

Aim: To identify maternal demographic and psychosocial risk factors associated with poor attendance of CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care, and whether past or current experience of intimate partner violence is related to poor attendance.

Methods: Data from the EMPOWR (Efforts to Maximize Perinatal Outcomes in Women at risk) were used in a cross-sectional study design. Self-reported data from 607 high-risk pregnant women from Kentucky was used. Poor-attendance or non-compliance was defined as attending less than 6 out of the 10 group prenatal care session. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between risk factors and compliance with the …

Analysis Of Health Survey Data To Address Topics In Environmental And Public Health, Nimish Valvi

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction: Manganese is an essential trace element that can cause adverse health effects with deficiency and in excess amounts. The purpose of this study is to determine the asscociation of blood manganese levels and the prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal dysfunction in a general US population.

Methods: Data were used from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) of non-institutionalized US adults 20 years and older using the 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016 survey cycles (n=16629). Weighted multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, and poverty income ratio (PIR), were used to determine the association of …

Peer Review Of "Predicting Health Disparities In Regions At Risk Of Severe Illness To Inform Health Care Resource Allocation During Pandemics: Observational Study, Ross Gore

VMASC Publications

This is a peer review submitted for the paper "Predicting Health Disparities in Regions at Risk of Severe Illness to Inform Health Care Resource Allocation During Pandemics: Observational Study."

Diagnostic And Prognostic Value Of Salivary Biomarkers In Oral Cancer And Precancer: Review Article, Dalia Ghalwash

Dentistry

Objectives: Salivary biomarker constitute major progress in diagnosis of oral cancer and is a rapidly developing arena of scientific research and is considered a promising prognostic and diagnostic utensil in oral malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders. The search for salivary biomarkers that may have importance in diagnosis, and prognosis of oral cancer is ongoing. Methods: A literature search was performed using the Cochrane library and PubMed databases from 1995 to September 2019. Results: In the recent biological era “omics” method is a new biomarker detection tool that emphasis on exploring many molecules present in saliva. Presently, five main salivary …

Sylc Air Polishing Versus Fluoride Varnish Application In Managing Dentin Hypersensitivity In Non-Carious Cervical Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Mohamed Fouad Haridy, Dina Ezz Eldin Ahned, Heba Hanza, Mohsen Abielhassan, Mai Mamdouh

Dentistry

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Preparation Type And Tooth Geometry On The Accuracy Of Different Intraoral Scanners, Ahmed Sabet

Dentistry

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of preparation design and tooth geometry on the accuracy of scans obtained from three different intraoral scanners (IOS). Materials and Methods: Full coverage crown and inlay preparations with known axial wall tapers (6ᵒ and 12ᵒ) were performed on typodont teeth using a computer numerical control machine. Reference models were scanned with a highly accurate reference scanner (Ineos X5) and saved in standard tessellation language (STL) format then each IOS (Omnicam, Trios, and i500) scanned each model 10 times. The STL files obtained from the intraoral scanners were compared to the reference models (trueness) and within …

Accuracy And Repeatability Of Different Intraoral Scanners On Shade Determination, Ahmed Sabet

Dentistry

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of different intraoral scanners on shade determination. Materials and methods: Ten different shades of Vita Mark II blocks were used. A disc-shape specimen (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) per ceramic block was fabricated. Ten color measurements per specimen were performed by each instrument (Vita Easyshade V [control], 3shape Trios, Cerec Omnicam, Cerec Primescan) and recorded in Vita Classic color system. The number of correct shade match per instrument for each shade was recorded. Instrumental accuracy was compared using Cochran Q test and repeatability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: There …

The Issue Of Skeletal Muscle Growth And Regeneration, Ayman Ghallab, Ayman Mohammed Ghallab

Dentistry

The aim of our criticism of the paper authored by Makovický and Makovický (2020) was to prevent the readers from being misinformed by a paper based on a major flaw such as confusing splitting muscle fibers with a stretch receptor.

Effect Of Different Scaling Methods And Materials On The Enamel Surface Topography: An In Vitro Sem Study, Mahmoud Al Ankily, Fatma Makkeyah, Mohamed Shamel, Mahmoud Bakr

Dentistry

Aims and Objectives: Scaling is important for maintenance of gingival and periodontal conditions. These procedures have a harmful effect on the dental hard tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hand and ultrasonic instruments made of stainless and titanium on the surface properties of enamel. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted premolars were used in this in vitro study and were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). Group I received ultrasonic scaling with stainless steel tip, group II received ultrasonic scaling with titanium tip, group III hand scaling with stainless steel tip, and group …

Effects Of Aflatoxin B1 On The Submandibular Salivary Gland Of Albino Rats And Possible Therapeutic Potential Of Rosmarinus Officinalis: A Light And Electron Microscopic Study, Mohamed Shamel, Bassant Ashraf

Dentistry

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic mycotoxin, is one of the contaminants of food items such as corn, rice, nuts, and flour. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AFB1 on the histology and ultrastructure of the submandibular salivary glands (SMSG) of albino rats and examine the possible therapeutic effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extract. Methods: This study used 21 adult male albino rats equally divided into three groups as follows: Group C (saline-treated control group); Group A (AFB1 treated group) subjected to intraperitoneal injection of AFB1 (2 mg/kg) once daily for four weeks; Group R …

Hyper-Sensitivity Assessment After Immediate Versus Delayed Dentine Sealing In Indirect Composite Restorations: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Hoda Fouda

Dentistry

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of immediate dentin sealing using universal adhesive in comparison to delayed dentin sealing in the reduction of the hypersensitivity in teeth prepared for indirect tooth composite restorations using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Materials and methods: Fifty-four patients between 18 and 30 years of age were recruited and randomized to the treatment protocols. After baseline preoperative data collection, diagnosis of caries was done depending on the basis of clinical examination that was done tentatively and radiographic examination was done as well. After cavity preparation was done, for the cavities to be managed with immediate dentine sealing, …

Radiographic Bone Changes Surrounding Implants Of Different Attachment Systems., Sara Fikry El Shafei Dr, Fardos N Rizk Prof

Dentistry

This study was conducted to compare the effect of GPS attachment, OT Equator attachment and Ball and Socket attachment on crestal bone around implants in implant retained mandibular overdenture cases. Materials and Methods: Following two stage surgical protocol eighteen completely edentulous patients received two implants placed bilaterally in the canine region (36 implants) to retain mandibular overdentures. Inclusion Criteria: Patients were all healthy men, non-smokers, Following Misch rules of bone classification patients with bone density ranging from 850-1250 HU (D2) and bone height and width more than 10 mm and 5 mm respectively. Four months following the surgery patients were …

Comparative Study Of Two Fifferent Telescopic Crown Materials Retaining Lower Partial Overdenture, Fardos N. Rizk Prof., Ayman Hany Amin Dr., Gehan Fikry Prof., Amr Ismail Dr.

Dentistry

Background and Objective: This study was conducted to measure the difference between Chrome Cobalt telescopic crowns and Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) telescopic crowns retaining implant retained partial overdenture.

Materials and Methods: This is a comparitive study that included fourteen lower kennedy class I partially edendulous patients. All patients received posterior implant in the second molar area in each side. The patients were divided into 2 groups, the first group received chrome cobalt telescopic crown and the second group received poly ether ketone telescopic crowns over the implants. Partial overdenture was constructed for all the patients in the two groups. …

Assessment Of Physical Properties Of A Zno/E ~Sealer Modified By Adding Moringa Oleifera: An Experimental In-Vitro Study, Engy M. Kataia, `Maram E. Khallaf, Nada Omar, Yousra Aly, Nancy Elshafei

Dentistry

Aim: In an attempt to move toward exploration of the antibacterial properties of herbal products, this study evaluated the effect of how the addition of Moringa would affect the physical properties of the commercial Endofil sealer. Materials and Methods: An experimental in vitro study was performed using three experimental sealers. There were four groups in this study: Group A (ZnO/E sealer alone), Group B (ZnO/E and Moringa root), Group C (ZnO/E and Moringa leaf), and Group D (ZnO/E and Moringa leaf extract liquid). Measurements were carried out according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standardization 6876:2012. Moringa oleifera was added …

Effect Of Different Scaling Methods And Materials On The Enamel Surface Topography: An In Vitro Sem Study, Mohamed Shamel, Mahmoud Bakr, Mahmoud Ankily, Fatma Makkeyah

Dentistry

Aims and Objectives: Scaling is important for maintenance of gingival and periodontal conditions. These procedures have a harmful effect on the dental hard tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hand and ultrasonic instruments made of stainless and titanium on the surface properties of enamel. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted premolars were used in this in vitro study and were randomly divided into four groups (n= 10). Group I received ultrasonic scaling with stainless steel tip, group II received ultrasonic scaling with titanium tip, group III hand scaling with stainless steel tip, and group IV …

The Effect Of Smoking On Clinical Presentation And Expression Of Tlr-2 And Cd34 In Oral Lichen Planus Patients: Clinical And Immunohistochemical Study, Enji Ahmed Mahmoud, Nermin Yousif, Nermin Raouf

Dentistry

Background: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease which is considered as a potential precancerous condition. Numerous studies have confirmed that inflammation is a strong risk factor for cancer development. Smoking is associated with potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa. The adverse consequences of smoking in various pathologies are mediated by its effects on the immune-inflammatory system. Little is known about the influence of cigarette smoke content on the course of OLP and inflammatory response. Methods: Twenty oral lichen planus smoker patients, 20 oral lichen planus non-smoker patients and 20 control patients were included in this …

Radiographic Evaluation Of Bone And Mucosa Using Low-Dose Cbct With Radiopaque X-Resin Stent Versus Ct And Ridge Mapping: A Validity Study, Enji Ahmed Mahmoud, Nader Nabil Rizkallah, Eman Abdelaziz, Mushira Mohamed Dahaba

Dentistry

No abstract provided.