Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Treatment Of Clostridioides Difficile With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Brenton Green

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Research was performed to discuss the epidemiology and current guidelines of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI), the different modalities of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the donor screening process, as well as the safety and efficacy of treatment.

• Utilizing Clinical Key, NCBI database, Dynamed Plus, Cochrane Review, and the websites for the CDC and FDA, a literature review encompassing recent research and human studies relating to CDI.

• Recent studies within five years were preferred, however since C. difficile has sparsely changed, older data was utilized with updates applied accordingly.

• Oral antibiotics are intended for …

Impact Of Access Cavity Design On Peri-Cervical Dentin Removal In 3d Printed Tooth Models, James A. Mcintosh, Ove A. Peters, Christine Peters, Craig Dunlap

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aims Preservation of peri-cervical dentin during the preparation of endodontic access is important to prevent fractures and improve the long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of rotary file instrumentation (TruNatomy and XP-Endo Shaper) on peri-cervical dentin removal, depending on access size. Materials and Methods Forty 3D printed mandibular first molars, with either a small or large access design, were instrumented using TruNatomy or XP-endo Shaper file systems. Canal volumes were calculated based on micro-computed tomography data obtained pre- and post-operatively. Digital sectioning of each reconstructed volume was performed 90-degrees to the long axis at …

Ada Constitution & Bylaws (2020), American Dental Association

Constitution & Bylaws

The ADA Commons Constitution & Bylaws archival collection comprises printed issues of the American Dental Association's Constitution and Bylaws. The collection also includes the ADA Charter and the ADA Code of Ethics issued 1924-1946.

Survival Of A Serotype 4b Strain And A Serotype 1/2a Strain Of Listeria T Monocytogenes, Isolated From A Stone Fruit Outbreak Investigation, On Whole Stone Fruit At 4 °C, Antonio J. De Jesus, Ishani Sheth, Hee Jin Kwon, Zhujun Gao, Jessica Palmer, Minji Hur, Thomas S. Hammack, Dumitru Macarisin, Yi Chen

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

In the summer of 2014, a multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with contaminated stone fruit (peach and nectarine) was reported. A serotype 4b variant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strain of singleton Sequence Type (ST) 382 was isolated from clinical samples and stone fruit associated with the outbreak. A serotype 1/2b Lm strain of ST5, Clonal Complex 5 was isolated only from outbreak-associated stone fruit, not from clinical samples. Here we investigated the fate of the serotype 4b and 1/2b strains, at two inoculation levels (high level at 3.7 logCFU/fruit and low level at 2.7 logCFU/fruit), on the surfaces of white peach, …

Adult Perceptions Of The Relative Harm Of Tobacco Products And Subsequent T Tobacco Product Use: Longitudinal Findings From Waves 1 And 2 Of The Population Assessment Of Tobacco And Health (Path) Study, Tara Elton-Marshall, Pete Driezen, Geoffrey T. Fong, K. Michael Cummings, Alexander Persoskie, Olivia Wackowski, Kelvin Choi, Annette Kaufman, David Strong, Shannon Gravely, Kristie Kristie, Jonathan Kwan, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Mark Travers, Andrew Hyland

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objectives: To examine: (1) How perceptions of harm for seven non-cigarette tobacco products predict sub- sequent use; (2) How change in use is associated with changes in perceptions of product harm; (3) Whether sociodemographic variables moderate the association between perceptions and use.

Methods: Data are from the adult sample (18+) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort survey conducted September 2013-December 2014 (Wave 1 (W1) n = 32,320) and October 2014-October 2015 (Wave 2 (W2) n = 28,362).

Results: Wave 1 users and non-users of e-cigarettes, filtered cigars, cigarillos, and pipes, who …

An Evaluation Of The Usda's Policy To Reduce Listeria Illnesses In Ready‐To‐Eat Meat And Poultry Products, Travis Minor, Matt Parrett

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Using 1998–2008 data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on foodborne illnesses and outbreaks, we examine the economic impact of the United States Department of Agriculture's proposed and final rules to reduce the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in ready‐to‐ eat meat and poultry products. Using a difference‐in‐ differences approach, we find that these rules together reduced meat‐related Lm illnesses by about 60 per year, which we attribute to reductions in both the number and average size of meat‐related Lm outbreaks. We then monetize this illness reduction using an underreporting and underdiagnosis multiplier of 2.3 and an …

Genomics-Based Re-Examination Of The Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Human And Simian Mastadenoviruses: An Evolving Whole Genomes Approach, Revealing Putative Zoonosis, Anthroponosis, And Amphizoonosis, June Kang, Ashrafali Mohamed Ismail, Shoaleh Dehghan, Jaya Rajaiya, Marc W. Allard, Haw Chuan Lim, David W. Dyer, James Chodosh, Donald Seto

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

With the advent of high-resolution and cost-effective genomics and bioinformatics tools and methods contributing to a large database of both human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) adenoviruses, a genomics-based re-evaluation of their taxonomy is warranted. Interest in these particular adenoviruses is growing in part due to the applications of both in gene transfer protocols, including gene therapy and vaccines, as well in oncolytic protocols. In particular, the re-evaluation of SAdVs as appropriate vectors in humans is important as zoonosis precludes the assumption that human immune system may be na€ıve to these vectors. Additionally, as impor- tant pathogens, adenoviruses are a model …

The Impact Of The Abuse-Deterrent Reformulation Of Extended-Release T Oxycontin On Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse And Heroin Initiation, Carolyn Wolff, William N. Dowd, Mir M. Ali, Chandler Mcclellan, Angelica Meinhofer, Lukas Glos, Ryan Mutter, Matthew Rosenberg, Andreas Schikc

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

The introduction of abuse-deterrent OxyContin in 2010 was intended to reduce its misuse by making it more tamper resistant. However, some studies have suggested that this reformulation might have had unintended consequences, such as increases in heroin-related deaths. We used the 2005–2014 cross-sectional U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health to explore the impact of this reformulation on intermediate outcomes that precede heroin-related deaths for individuals with a history of OxyContin misuse. Our study sample consisted of adults who misused any prescription pain reliever prior to the reformulation of OxyContin (n = 81,400). Those who misused OxyContin prior to …

Development Of A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Nachr Α7 Binding Activity Prediction Model, Sugunadevi Sakkiah, Carmine Leggett, Bohu Pan, Wenjing Guo, Luis G. Valerio Jr., Huixiao Hong

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Despite the well-known adverse health effects associated with tobacco use, addiction to nicotine found in tobacco products causes difficulty in quitting among users. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the physiological targets of nicotine and facilitate addiction to tobacco products. The nAChR-α7 subtype plays an important role in addiction; therefore, predicting the binding activity of tobacco constituents to nAChR-α7 is an important component for assessing addictive potential of tobacco constituents. We developed an α7 binding activity prediction model based on a large training data set of 843 chemicals with human α7 binding activity data extracted from PubChem and ChEMBL. The model …

Perivascular Macrophages In The Neonatal Macaque Brain Undergo Massive Necroptosis After Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Diana G. Bohannon, Yueying Wang, Colin H. Reinhart, Julian B. Hattler, Jiangtao Luo, Hamid R. Okhravi, Jianshui Zhang, Qingsheng Li, Marcelo J. Kuroda, Woong-Ki Kim

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We previously showed that rhesus macaques neonatally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) do not develop SIV encephalitis (SIVE) and maintain low brain viral loads despite having similar plasma viral loads compared to SIV-infected adults. We hypothesize that differences in myeloid cell populations that are the known target of SIV and HIV in the brain contribute to the lack of neonatal susceptibility to lentivirus-induced encephalitis. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy, we examined the frontal cortices from uninfected and SIV-infected infant and adult macaques (n = 8/ea) as well as adults with SIVE (n = 4) to determine differences in myeloid …

Infection Prevention In Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Through Proper Hemodialysis Line Care, Nicole Ingram, Susan Mckenna

VCU Health Nursing

The goal was to reduce Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)-related Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) rates by introducing a just-in-time re-education toolkit for proper hemodialysis (HD) line care in adult Intensive Care Units (ICU).

CRRT requires specialized expertise delivered in the ICU setting with the support of HD nurses. Problem-solving when cartridges clot or clog requires ICU nurses to return the blood and notify HD to restart therapy. Current evidence supports the use of white Curos^TM caps and Tego^TM connectors when deaccessing lines in order to prevent CLABSIs, air emboli, and bleeding. A learning needs assessment revealed inconsistent …

Spirituality And Prayer On Teacher Stress And Burnout In An Italian Cohort: A Pilot, Before-After Controlled Study, Francesco Chirico, Manoj Sharma, Salvatore Zaffina, Nicola Magnavita

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

Teaching is a stressful profession that exposes workers to the risk of burnout. Techniques involving higher mental functions, such as transcendental meditation and prayer, have been used in stress and burnout prevention programs. In this study, we report the results of an experience conducted in a group of teachers of a religious institute, in which prayer was used as a technique to prevent burnout.

Front-Line Nurse Manager Succession Planning: Building And Promoting Strong Nurse Leaders Through Implementation Of A Nurse Manager Development Program, Melany Boyd

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Succession planning plays a pivotal role in the infrastructure of any company. Succession planning is designed to identify individuals with potential and prepare them as successors when the current leader vacates their position. With the ageing nurse population, increased role demand, and lack of interest from incoming nurses there is an increase in nurse leader (particularly nurse managers) vacancies. Through the implementation of a Nurse Manager Development Program, executives have the opportunity to strengthen the nurse manager pipeline and promote succession planning through early identification of potential leaders and placing those individuals through a 3-month program that focuses on the …

Reducing Nurses' Communication Anxiety During End Of Life Care, Susan Dunbar Wolfrom

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

End of life (EOL) conversations are meaningful discussions pertaining to the patient’s disease trajectory, symptom management, and the patient’s goals at end of life. End of life care discussions have been associated with many benefits for the patient including: decreased healthcare costs, less aggressive treatments at EOL, and a good death. These sensitive discussions must occur over the course of several interactions or spontaneously in the moment in order to support the patient during delicate moments. This makes the nurse the prime candidate to help facilitate and harbor these discussions. However, barriers to communication exist, leading to the omission of …

Students’ Knowledge Of Alzheimer’S Disease, D'Anna Helms

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

Preparing nursing students to care for the ever-growing aging population with memory impairment is vital. This research study aimed to determine the prevalence of knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among Baccalaureate nursing students. A descriptive correlational design was used to determine the prevalence of AD knowledge among juniors in an Adult I course and seniors in a Mental Health nursing course. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data using the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). A convenience sample of 63 student cohorts completed the survey. Results indicated that students were aware that AD is a form of dementia; however, …

How Partnerships For Community-Based Health Professions Training Were Affected By National Changes In Funding, Patricia A. Carney, Eric M. Wiser, Cynthia Taylor, Debbie Cole, Shelley Dougherty, Chris Gustaferro, Meredith Lair, Curt Stilp

Faculty Publications - College of Medical Science

Background: Area Health Education Centers (AHEC) have contributed to U.S. healthcare workforce training since 1971. National funders recently refocused efforts from K-12 students to matriculated health profession students, which reduced annual funding by $75,000 (25%) per year per Center.

Objectives: To describe how community partnership changed due to funding reductions.

Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with all four regional center directors with community partnerships.

Lessons learned: Hosted regional centers navigated partnerships in ways that did not significantly change programs because the host institutions supported continuing the partnerships. Independent centers experienced significant changes in partnerships by ending well-established programs and …

Development Of Cut-Points For Determining Activity Intensity From A Wrist-Worn Actigraph Accelerometer In Free-Living Adults, Alexande H.K. Montoye, Kimberly A. Clevenger, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Michael B. Nelson, Joshua M. Bock, Mary T. Imboden, Leonard A. Kaminsky

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Despite recent popularity of wrist-worn accelerometers for assessing free-living physical behaviours, there is a lack of user-friendly methods to characterize physical activity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer. Participants in this study completed a laboratory protocol and/or 3–8 hours of directly observed free-living (criterion measure of activity intensity) while wearing ActiGraph GT9X Link accel- erometers on the right hip and non-dominant wrist. All laboratory data (n = 36) and 11 participants’ free- living data were used to develop vector magnitude count cut-points (counts/min) for activity intensity for the wrist-worn accelerometer, and 12 participants’ free-living data were used to cross-validate cut-point accuracy. …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Normalized To Fat-Free Mass And Mortality Risk, Mary T. Imboden, Leonard A. Kaminsky, James E. Peterman, Haylee L. Hutzler, Mitchell H. Whaley, Bradley S. Fleenor, Matthew P. Harber

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Normalized to Fat-Free Mass and Mortality Risk. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 1532–1537, 2020. Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is known to be directly related to fat-free mass (FFM), therefore, it has been suggested that normalizing CRF to FFM (V˙O2peakFFM) may be the most accurate expression of CRF as related to exercise performance and cardiorespiratory function. However, the influence of ˙O2peakFFM (mL·kg FFM−1·min−1) on predicting mortality has been largely unexplored. This study aimeVd to primarily assess the relationship between V˙O2peakFFM and all-cause and disease-specific mortality risk in apparently healthy adults. Further, this study sought to …

Guidance On Development Of Employer Value Dashboards, Jessica Grossmeier, Seth A. Serxner, Thi Montalvo, Deborah R. Balfanz, Mary T. Imboden, Ron Z. Goetzel, Dave Schweppe

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Recent industry surveys indicate that a majority of employers are offering health and well-being (HWB) programs to their employees,1,2 but the reasons for offering them have changed over time. While a desire to improve employee health and contain rising health-care costs remain important, employers increasingly recognize a broader value proposition for investing in workforce HWB. A 2019 survey found employers are more likely to seek outcomes such as improved productivity and employee morale as well as reductions in injury rates and turnover.3 Demonstrating how workplace HWB initiatives are linked to such outcomes is challenging. As consultants, researchers, and practitioners working …

Abstract P119: Non-Exercise Cardiorespiratory Fitness Prediction Equations: Accuracy Over Time In Apparently Healthy Adults, James E. Peterman, Matthew Harber, Mary Imboden, Mitchell Whaley, Bradley Fleenor, Leonard A. Kaminsky

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Mortality risk predictions are improved with routine assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Accordingly, an American Heart Association Scientific Statement suggests routine clinical assessment of CRF in apparently healthy adults minimally using non-exercise prediction equations, which can be calculated from common health metrics. However, no study has assessed the ability of non-exercise CRF prediction equations to accurately detect longitudinal changes.

Health Care Provider’S Perspectives Of A Woman’S Quality Of Life Facing Endometriosis And Infertility, Bridget Ford

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

This study assessed the quality of life of women with endometriosis and infertility issues through the perception of health care providers. The purpose was to increase awareness of the psychosocial aspect of endometriosis to encourage health care providers to incorporate the assessment of the mental health of women diagnosed with endometriosis into care, as well as their partners. The findings of the study showed the importance of providing holistic care to women with endometriosis related infertility and the vast impact endometriosis has on mental health, relationships, and in a woman’s daily life. Implications for nurses as a result of the …

Improving The Relationship Between Emergency Nurses And The Behavioral Health Patient, Alea Bundy

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

There is an increasing number of behavioral health patients entering through the emergency department for behavioral health treatment and crisis intervention every day. Workplace violence against nurses has also increased leaving some nurses feeling anxious and fearful of interactions with behavioral health patients. The increase of behavioral health patients and unstable situations have created a gap in communications and has strained the nurse patient relationship yielding poor patient outcomes. The purpose of this project is to educate nurses on the care of the behavioral health patients and improve nurse-patient relationships for better outcomes for the patient. The framework for this …

The Effects Of Caffeine On Early Second Half Sprint Performance In Ncaa Diii Women’S Soccer Players, David J. Granniss, Jessica W. Chow, Daniel A. Jaffe, Kristin M. Cannon, Jessica C. Brown, Deborah Vanlangen, Charity A. Byrum

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of caffeine on early second half sprint performance in 21 NCAA DIII women’s soccer players. The caffeine dosage attempted to approximate a liquid dosage many student athletes typically consume.

Design

In a randomized double blind repeated measures design, subjects began the protocol after ingestion of caplets containing 3 mg^.kg^-1 of caffeine (CAF) and after ingestion of placebo (PLA) caplets. Pre-game, warm-up, and first half conditions were designed to maximize external validity.

Methods

An adapted version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test was applied to replicate first …

Shared Governance Council: Improving Staff And Patient Satisfaction, Haley O'Brien Hall

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Due to the decreased staff and patient satisfaction on one post-operative unit, the author has developed a project plan to establish a unit specific Self Governance (SG) committee to improve staff and patient satisfaction. One SG committee and two councils will be formed giving all staff the opportunity to be a voice for change on their unit. The committee is focused on building and maintaining each council. One council will focus on staff satisfaction and one council will focus on patient satisfaction. The progress and outcomes of each committee and council will be evaluated in three ways: staff surveys, patient …

Postpartum Depression In Military Mothers:Active Duty And Partners Of Active Duty Service Members, Amanda Willis

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication of pregnancy. Active duty mothers and mothers with active duty spouses have a unique risk factor, deployment. Military mothers may receive PPD education prenatally and during postpartum visits if necessary. This project created a postpartum depression video that was mandatory for mothers to watch before they were discharged from the postpartum unit after the delivery of their baby. Early education and treatment are the key to managing PPD in all mothers. The mothers were surveyed at their postpartum office visits to evaluate effectiveness of video.

New Nurse Graduate Mentoring: An Early Implementation Program, Stacy Inman

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Mentoring of new nurse graduates is an opportunity for our future nurses to grow and evolve. This concept is growing in popularity and has proven effective in retention of new nurses as well as improved staff satisfaction. Many mentoring programs for new nurse graduates begin at one year of employment, which leaves open the crucial turning point of transitioning from academia to professional practice. New nurse graduates are vulnerable at this stage of transition and an effective mentoring relationship can help the new graduate gain confidence in the profession of nursing.

Gratitude Journaling As Intervention To Combat Nurse Burnout In Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Nurses, Melinda Simpson

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

As a practicing registered nurse in the intensive care setting, this researcher witnessed an episode of burnout characterized by a public meltdown, crying, and yelling. This sparked an interest in an intervention to combat nurse burnout. Literature was found on gratitude which has been found to increase resiliency. An increase in resiliency, in various populations, has been found to decrease perceived stress and feelings of burnout. This researcher investigated the use of gratitude journaling for 21 days as means to decrease perceived stress and feelings of burnout while increasing gratitude and resiliency. The PSS, GQ, BRS, & BBI tools were …

Clinical Grading Rubric And Interrater Reliability, Stephanie F. Lunsford

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Clinical documentation is an integral part of the nursing curriculum. Nursing students utilize clinical documentation to reflect on weekly clinical experiences and clinical instructors grade this clinical documentation to view the students understanding of the experience and the nursing process. As the student progresses, the documentation changes to a more critical thinking piece of the student’s advancement toward their future work experience. Grading of clinical documentation can be challenging and often leads to poor self-efficacy of the instructor as well as the student. It has been known that students are often given the benefit of the doubt and passed when …

Proposal Of The Need For Mental Health First Aid Training Of Associate Degree Nursing Faculty In A Community College Setting, Amy Kelly

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Mental health issues are on the rise among students in universities as well as community colleges. College can be a stressful time in many people’s lives especially when the added demand of work and family are involved. Community colleges and universities use counseling services for their mental health needs but sometimes the services are not used due to the stigma that comes along with mental health. Nursing school can be a challenging time for students because of the rigorous training and workload. This project poses to implement Mental Health First Aid Training (MHFA) for faculty and staff of a nursing …

Correlational Impact Of Workload, Teamwork And Retention Rate For Clinical Nursing Units, Phillip J. Nutter

Master of Science in Nursing Theses and Projects

Healthcare organizations face an impending shortage of over one million nurses. Staff turnover adds costs to healthcare and decreases the morale of the unit. Teamwork has been shown to be related to engagement as engagement has been shown to be related to retention. Understanding how teamwork mitigates increasing workload at the unit level is critical to reducing turnover at the nursing unit level. This research explored relationships between teamwork and productivity and teamwork and retention rates for nurses. The Neuman Systems Model was used as the framework to guide this retrospective correlational analysis with teamwork as a flexible line of …