Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Global Injury Morbidity And Mortality From 1990 To 2017: Results From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017, Spencer L. James, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Global Burden Of Disease Collaborators, 595 Co-Authors

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background
Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.

Methods
We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate …

Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Literature Review And Comprehensive Treatment Analysis, Charlton Mechling

Honors Thesis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and debilitating autoimmune disease. The varying levels of severity of rheumatoid arthritis make it notably unique. Rheumatoid arthritis is not strictly an inflammatory disease of the joints; it is an extensive disease with many extra-articular manifestations that complicate its treatment and management. In addition to being a disease that is internally driven by the body’s immune system, current research reveals the pervasive influence of environmental factors on the disease’s severity and activity. This literature review examines the pathophysiology of RA, its implications on the body, and current treatment options to ameliorate some of its …

Dnp Final Report: Changing Admission Criteria In A Vocational Nursing Program To Decrease Attrition, Gabrielle O. Davis

DNP Final Reports

By the year 2030 Texas will have a shortage of 33,500 Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN). The LVN is responsible for providing safe, compassionate and focused nursing care to assigned patients with predictable health care needs. Most LVNS work in settings caring for our ever increasing and aged population. To combat the coming shortage VN programs need to graduate safe, competent, and compassionate nurses, but programs across the state are experiencing high student attrition rates. Admission criteria is a common method to determine student success in nursing programs. This evidence-based practice improvement project synthesized evidence and integrated best practices along with …

Filling The Gap: Assessing Moral Permissibility Of Rejections In Dental Practices And Promoting Pro Bono Dental Work Through A Non-Profit Organization, Min Son

Richard T. Schellhase Essay Prize in Ethics

While the level of urgency in dentistry cannot compare to that in an emergency room, oral healthcare is a crucial part of overall health. Poor oral health can lead to systemic health conditions, such as heart and respiratory diseases, oral cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, the solution to health disparities may lie in addressing oral health disparities first. Nonetheless, most dentists are business owners of their own dental practices. Hence, they work in between business and patient care, sometimes facing associated conflicts. But they are obligated to make ethical decisions when the values between the two fields clash. The dental community …

Screening A Library Of Chalcone Derivatives For Antibacterial Properties Via Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion, Breena Z. Frazier

Undergraduate Theses

As antibiotic resistance emerges stronger than ever, novel antimicrobial compounds are necessary to continue the infectious fight against disease and prevent millions of deaths by multidrug-resistant bacteria. One compound thought to be a natural source of antimicrobial activity is the chalcone. Abundant in fruits and vegetables, chalcones are versatile compounds that are easily synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation and have demonstrated a wide-range of biological activity. Previous studies have found that the addition of a free hydroxyl group to either the A or B ring of the chalcone skeleton may contribute to mild to moderate antimicrobial activity. Halogen substituents, such as …

A Study Of Addiction: The Opioid Epidemic, An Analysis At The State And County Level, Jamey Van Dyke

Undergraduate Theses

Addictive diseases such as those stemming from the use of alcohol, cocaine and opioids lead to serious negative consequences at both the individual and societal level. Over the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in opioid prescriptions and addiction. The potential for addiction is related to factors that include genetics, prescriber behavior, user behavior and characteristics, in addition to environmental and systemic determinants. One measure of the seriousness of the opioid epidemic is the number of overdose deaths. In 2017, drug overdoses killed over seventy thousand Americans, and overdose deaths are projected to increase in the future. …

Neuroligin-1 Is Altered In The Hippocampus Of Alzheimer's Disease Patients And Mouse Models, And Modulates The Toxicity Of Amyloid-Beta Oligomers, Julien Dufort-Gervais, Chloé Provost, Laurence Charbonneau, Christopher M. Norris, Frédéric Calon, Valérie Mongrain, Jonathan Brouillette

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Synapse loss occurs early and correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synaptotoxicity is driven, at least in part, by amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo), but the exact synaptic components targeted by Aβo remain to be identified. We here tested the hypotheses that the post-synaptic protein Neuroligin-1 (NLGN1) is affected early in the process of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and specifically by Aβo, and that it can modulate Aβo toxicity. We found that hippocampal NLGN1 was decreased in patients with AD in comparison to patients with mild cognitive impairment and control subjects. Female 3xTg-AD mice also showed a decreased NLGN1 level …

2020-04-24 Daily Unm Global Health Covid-19 Briefing, Christophe G. Lambert, Shawn Stoicu, Lori D. Sloane, Anastasiya Nestsiarovich, Praveen Kumar, Nicolas Lauve, Ariel Hurwitz, Alexandra Yingling, Perez Olewe, Shahad Hersi, Susie Pham, Ryen Ormesher, Rohini Mckee, Gregory J. Mertz, Cristian Bologa, Kristine Tollestrup, Orrin Myers, Douglas J. Perkins

HSC Covid 19 Briefings

Executive Summary:

NYT praises NM. NM Governor update. NM cases. NM antibody tests. State hiring freeze. Navajo Nation sues. Navajo Nation CA doctors. Mental health funding. Balloon Fiesta proceeding. Trump Lysol remarks. $484B business relief. 50k US deaths. US no to WHO initiatives. US crime reductions. Moscow 10% infections. Quebec elderly deaths. Italy psychiatric sequelae. Global vaccines summit. French nicotine sales restrictions. Adaptive cyclic exit strategies. Mask reuse techniques. Mask steaming method. Legionnaire’s reopening risks. Youth mental health. US disease models. Covid phobia treatment avoidance. Nursing home testing. Home nursing demand. CDC home cleaning. Guidelines on: convalescent plasma transfusion, H2O2 …

Safety And Feasibility Of Bilateral Lower Extremity Cold-Compression Therapy For Older Adults, Savannah Trussell

Undergraduate Theses

Older adults often suffer from diseases that cause chronic pain and swelling that have been treated using a variety of modalities, including cold therapy, compression garments, and analgesics. Cold-compression has been shown to reduce pain and inflammation after exercise in young, healthy adults (Dupont et al., 2017). This therapy also may relieve pain and inflammation from older adults, especially those suffering from chronic conditions.

To determine if cold-compression is a safe modality for older adults, both older (65 +) and young (18-30) adults were recruited for a 15-minute bilateral lower extremity therapy session. Outcome measures include blood pressure, ankle brachial …

Mental Health In The School System: Providing Tools And Resources For Teachers, Hannah Skinner

Student Capstone Papers

This capstone project's aim was to look at the mental health needs of school aged children, and how Occupational Therapists can help to meet their needs in the school system. The doctoral student completed a background on mental health statistics and needs in children, and also completed a literature review on occupational therapy’s role in mental health and schools, mindfulness, and current practices in the United States.

A gap was identified after a literature search was completed: While the school systems understand mental health is an area that should be addressed, there is a gap in providing these tools and …

Covid-19 And Inequity: A Comparative Spatial Analysis Of New York City And Chicago Hot Spots, Andrew Maroko, Denis Nash, Brian Pavilonis

Publications and Research

There have been numerous reports that the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has disproportionately impacted traditionally vulnerable communities, including well-researched social determinants of health, such as racial and ethnic minorities, migrants, and the economically challenged. The goal of this ecological cross-sectional study is to examine the demographic and economic nature of spatial hot and cold spots of SARS-CoV-2 rates in New York City and Chicago as of April 13, 2020.

In both cities, cold spots (clusters of low SARS-CoV-2 rate ZIP code tabulation areas) demonstrated typical protective factors associated with the social determinants of health and the ability to …

Acuity-Based Staffing: Improving Patient Outcomes And Staff Satisfaction, Natalie Long

MSN Capstone Projects

Traditionally, nurse staffing practices have been based on a nurse-patient ratio model and have not incorporated patient acuity. More recent literature has shown that acuity-based staffing can improve patient outcomes and staff satisfaction. The Emergency Department (ED) is an area that has fluctuating patient acuity and volume. To incorporate acuity in to staffing in the ED, the acuity mix over the past year can be used to calculate required nursing hours, therefore providing the number of required nurses for that facility. The calculated number of staff can then be distributed over a 24 hour period. By incorporating acuity in to …

Mitigating Burnout In The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Katelyn O. Mcgaughy

MSN Capstone Projects

Burnout is defined as a “prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job leading to a combination of physical and emotional exhaustion” (Lachman, 2016). The effects of burnout syndrome among nurses are well documented in the literature. Burnout is associated with an increased incidence of a variety of physical and psychological symptoms, including weight loss or gain, lethargy, headaches, sleep issues, anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating (Lachman, 2016). As a result of these symptoms, nurses experiencing burnout are more prone to provide poorer quality care to patients and are at heightened risk of commission of errors in …

Continuous Glucose Monitors To Decrease Hypoglycemia, Sara B. Woodcock

MSN Capstone Projects

Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people from children to older adults. There is no cure, although it can be managed to prevent complications. Education of student nurses is where they are born and raised to become nurses who save and change lives. Teaching student nurses in depth about diabetes as a disease and the treatments that best fit their specific needs is where educating patients begins. Learning about a secondary option for blood glucose checks can make all the difference for several patients. Multiple finger sticks daily has been the leading way to check blood sugar for …

Qt Monitoring In The Icu: A Benchmark Project, Jeffrey S. Woodward

MSN Capstone Projects

In adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, does QT/QTc monitoring compared to no QT/QTc monitoring affect mortality or ventricular tachyarrhythmia rates during their ICU stay? Not monitoring changes in the QT interval can lead to poor outcomes since mortality rates are higher in patients with arrhythmias (Uvelin, Pejakovic, & Mijatovic, 2017). Approximately 300,000 sudden cardiac deaths occur in the United States each year with an estimated 15,000 because of a lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmia rhythm called Torsades de Pointes (TdP) that occurs when a QT interval is prolonged (Dave, Bessette, & Setnik, 2017). Some risk factors for developing prolonged QT intervals …

Leadership Roles In The Field Of Occupational Therapy, Christina Pitts

Student Capstone Papers

The idea of this capstone project was to learn about leadership through expertise and experience. The first portion of the project consisted of reviewing the literature and interviewing four occupational therapists that currently have a leadership role within the healthcare industry to gain insight into leadership qualities. The second potion included being at a facility (Advent Therapy in Richmond Hill, G.A.) for 14 weeks to observe and learn about current programs, and with the guidance of the therapists and management of the facility, develop and implement a program that was deemed to be beneficial to the client population.

Cardiovascular Recovery From Emotional Stress: An Operationalization Of Equanamity Following Mindfulness-Based Emotional Stress, Emma Mcbride

Theses and Dissertations

Theoretical models of mindfulness suggest that meditation may improve health, in part, by regulating stress physiology, including faster recovery of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (SBP/DBP) after emotional stress. Furthermore, improved cardiovascular recovery (CR) may be a marker of equanimity, defined as increased acceptance of and reduced reactivity to stress. No studies have tested this hypothesis, partly because methodology for assessing CR remains controversial. Using a novel operationalization of equanimity and several methods of measuring CR, this project investigated whether (1) equanimity is associated with improved CR, (2) Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is associated with improved CR, and (3) …

The Effects Of Involvement In Religious Practices On Recovering Substance Users., Taylor Currier

Honors Theses

This paper reviews empirical studies focused on spirituality and its effects on those in the recovery process from substance abuse. This paper will look at qualitative studies as well as quantitative research to see which form has derived the best results on how spirituality has affected substance abuse recovery. Prolonged recovery is the goal for those that struggle with substance use. Behavior change is an important in sustaining sobriety with those dealing with addiction. It is predicted that those who engage in spiritual growth within their community have a higher likelihood of prolonged recovery than those that do not believe …

Occupational Therapy Student Pro Bono Clinic: Creating A Sustainable Model, Shane Tong

Student Capstone Papers

The purpose of this project was to create a model for a sustainable student pro bono clinic with a clear mission and vision that aligned with that of the occupational therapy (OT) profession. This project consisted of interviewing founding members of similar programs, conducting an indirect needs assessment, and performing a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of current pro bono clinic operations at the University of St. Augustine College for Health Sciences (USAHS). These results, combined with input from key stakeholders, were used to develop a strategic plan to support the development of future pro bono clinics by …

Inclusion In Religion And Spirituality For Children With Special Needs, Mackinzie C. Weiss

Student Capstone Papers

The proposed vision of this capstone project will focus on using occupational therapy interventions to help a local church be more inclusive to children and families with special needs. This capstone project will partner with a pre-existing special needs program to develop evidence based volunteer training, implement a parent respite program, and introduce a movement based program.

Exploring The Concurrent Validity Of The Indoor Mobility Pre-Driving Screen (Imps): A Comparison Of The Imps And Ef-Car Motion Driving Simulator., Nicholas T. Bolen

Student Capstone Papers

This paper details the results of a non-experimental assessment comparison study of concurrent validity in which the Indoor Mobility Pre-driving Screen (IMPS) is compared to an EF-Car Motion Driving Simulator. 36 participants completed both assessments concurrently. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's r correlations. Results show low to moderate correlations between the compared assessments.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern University names Stuart Tedders as dean of Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health

Orthopedic Injuries In Athletes, Cameron Adams

Showcase of Undergraduate Research and Creative Endeavors (SOURCE)

When thinking of athletes and orthopedic injuries, we often associate these injuries with more physical sports such as football, basketball, or even soccer. What we don’t realize is that an injury of any degree can occur in any sport, regardless of the level of physicality. An orthopedic injury is any injury to the bones, muscles, or joints of the musculoskeletal system. These injuries include, but are not limited to, ACL tears, meniscus tears, broken bones, muscle tears, sprains, dislocations, or fractures, obtained during a sport. Most injuries of this nature are hard to ignore, but depending on the area and …

Shoulder And Elbow Injury Prevention In Baseball Pitchers, Taylor Charlton

Showcase of Undergraduate Research and Creative Endeavors (SOURCE)

Shoulder and elbow injuries are extremely common in baseball pitchers due to overuse and extreme stress. To assess the risk factors for these injuries, adolescents were chosen to complete testing on strength and range of motion. Many pitchers do not pay attention to the risk of injury while playing, but the longer they pitch without prevention programs, the higher their risks for future injury. The literature finds that posterior shoulder weakness and rotator cuff weakness are the leading causes of injury in adolescent pitchers. Athletic trainers, coaches, and/or parents have the ability to take athletes through prevention programs with the …

Dialysis Access Steals And Leads To Limb Ischemia, Supraja Thunuguntla, Mohammed Rizwan, Jose E. Campo Maldonado

School of Medicine Publications

Dialysis Access Associated Steal Syndrome (DASS) reported incidence is low, (6.2%) [1]. Symptoms are dialysis induced hand pain, coldness, numbness, sensory loss which can lead to inevitable digital gangrene and amputation if the diagnosis is delayed. Duplex arterial ultrasound and electromyography (EMG) can help differentiate DASS from Ischemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN), a variation of DASS. Treatment options are individualized based on the location of the AV fistula, severity of presentation, presence of anatomical anomalies of involved vasculature. Comprehensive review of literature demonstrates this outcome of finger gangrene in young patients with ESRD is primarily associated with preexisting diffuse vascular disease …

Cares Act Fund For Students, April 24, 2020, University Of Northern Iowa

UNI Response to COVID-19

A memo from the Director of the Office of Financial Aid & Scholarships announcing the availability of funds for students financially impacted by the switch to remote coursework.

Doubling Time Of The Covid-19 Epidemic By Province, China, Kamalich Muniz-Rodriguez, Gerardo Chowell, Chi-Hin Cheung, Dongyu Jia, Po-Ying Lai, Yiseul Lee, Manyun Liu, Sylvia Ofori, Kimberlyn M. Roosa, Lone Simonsen, Cecile Viboud, Isaac Fung

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

In China, the doubling time of the coronavirus disease epidemic by province increased during January 20–February 9, 2020. Doubling time estimates ranged from 1.4 (95% CI 1.2–2.0) days for Hunan Province to 3.1 (95% CI 2.1–4.8) days for Xinjiang Province. The estimate for Hubei Province was 2.5 (95% CI 2.4–2.6) days.

An Investigation Of The Relationships Between Mentorship In Clinical Education And Boc Exam Success, Sabrina F. Maginnis Ed.D., Brandy P. Clemmer Ed.D.

Journal of Applied Social Science Research and Practice

This study used an explanatory mixed-method design to investigate the relationships between preceptor mentorship in clinical education and success on the Board of Certification (BOC) exam for athletic trainers. The Athletic Training Preceptor Mentoring Traits Survey (ATPMTS) was developed by the researchers via a Delphi method following review of mentoring literature from nursing, athletic training, and academic medicine. Three hundred four athletic training students completed the survey during the last year of their training and before the BOC exam. Preceptor ratings were compared for students who passed the BOC on the first attempt (n =241) and students who did not …

Examining Zika Virus: Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment, And Prevention, Noura Taybeh

BU Well

The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus that was first isolated in Uganda in 1947 and has since caused outbreaks in many parts of the world. It has multiple routes of transmission and may cause acute illness and death if not treated. The Zika virus becomes a major concern if transmitted from mother to fetus as it increases the chance of birth defects and developmental problems to the unborn baby. This article highlights the importance of early diagnosis and describes Zika virus’ transmission, treatment, and prevention.

Your Best Shot At Surviving The Flu Season, Isabella Liu

BU Well

Millions of individuals become ill from the influenza virus every year. As an existing public health issue, it is important for patients to understand that the best way to combat the influenza virus is through prevention. This article explores key aspects of the influenza vaccine and highlights its importance in the healthcare community.