Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Prospective Study Of Maternal, Fetal And Neonatal Outcomes In The Setting Of Cesarean Section In Low- And Middle-Income Countries., Margo S. Harrison, Omrana Pasha, Sarah Saleem, Sumera Ali, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A. Carlo, Ana L. Garces, Nancy F. Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Bhala Kodkany, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Archana Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Fabian Esamai, Edward A. Liechty, Janet L. Moore, Dennis Wallace, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Menachem Miodovnik, Marion Koso-Thomas, Jose Belizan, Antoinette K. Tshefu, Melissa Bauserman, Robert L. Goldenberg

Global Health Articles

INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section (CS) rates are increasing globally with an unclear effect on pregnancy outcomes. The study objective was to quantify maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with CS compared with vaginal delivery (VD) both within and across sites in low- and middle-income countries.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective population-based study including home and facility births in 337 153 women with a VD and 47 308 women with a CS from 2010 to 2015 was performed in Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo. Women were enrolled during pregnancy; delivery and 6-week follow-up data were collected. …

Nutrinews Volume 27, April 2017, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features Romaine Calm!, Barbecued meats and breast cancer survival, Cardio vs. weights, Food insecurities, High Fiber diets.

Physician Role In Physical Activity For African-American Males Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy For Prostate Cancer, Faustine Williams, Kellie R. Imm, Graham A. Colditz, Ashley J. Housten, Lin Yang, Keon L. Gilbert, Bettina F. Drake

ETSU Faculty Works

Purpose

Physical activity is recognized as a complementary therapy to improve physical and physiological functions among prostate cancer survivors. Little is known about communication between health providers and African-American prostate cancer patients, a high risk population, regarding the health benefits of regular physical activity on their prognosis and recovery. This study explores African-American prostate cancer survivors’ experiences with physical activity prescription from their physicians.

Methods

Three focus group interviews were conducted with 12 African-American prostate cancer survivors in May 2014 in St. Louis, MO. Participants’ ages ranged from 49 to 79 years, had completed radical prostatectomy, and their time out …

Giant Haemangioma Of Nasopharynx: A Rare Case Outcome., Haissan Iftikhar, Moghira Siddiqui

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

A 60-year-old female presented to us with a 5-year history of progressive right sided nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis. On examination lesion was seen in the right nostril which was firm and bled on probing. CT-scan paranasal sinuses showed a right sided lesion of nose and naso-pharnyx obstructing posterior nasal choanae. Dimensions were reported to be 9×4.1×3.8 cm. A punch biopsy was taken in operating room under general anaesthesia which resulted in profuse bleeding. Suction cautery was used to control bleeding and the nose was packed. The mass was firm to hard and provided resistance during the time of …

2017-2018 Summer Bulletin, University Of Mississippi Medical Center

Bulletins/Catalogs

2017-2018 Summer Bulletin

Buprenorphine Physician Supply: Relationship With State-Level Prescription Opioid Mortality, Hannah K. Knudsen, Jennifer R. Havens, Michelle R. Lofwall, Jamie L. Studts, Sharon L. Walsh

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder but the supply of buprenorphine physicians is currently inadequate to address the nation’s prescription opioid crisis. Perception of need due to rising opioid overdose rates is one possible reason for physicians to adopt buprenorphine. This study examined associations between rates of growth in buprenorphine physicians and prescription opioid overdose mortality rates in US states.

Methods: The total buprenorphine physician supply and number of physicians approved to treat 100 patients (per 100,000 population) were measured from June 2013 to January 2016. States were divided into two groups: those with rates of …

Dental Hygienists' Perspectives On Four Periodontal Instrument Handle Designs, Susan L. Tolle, Jessica Suedbeck, Gayle M. Mccombs, Martha L. Walker

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Problem: Developing new instrument designs to address the ergonomics of instrumentation and to decrease repetitive strain injuries in the dental hygienist is an ongoing area of development. Changing the weight and diameter of instrument handles has been suggested to reduce risk for trauma in the practitioner but minimal research has been conducted to determine design preferences of practicing dental hygienists. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess dental hygienists opinions on the weight, diameter, balance and maneuverability of four different instrument handles. Methodology: After IRB approval, a convenience sample of 27 practicing dental hygienists from Virginia participated in …

The Effect Of Barefoot Running Using Two Running Styles On Lower Extremity Joint Reaction Forces, Jamie M. Rogers

Senior Honors Theses

Running is a popular worldwide activity with many varying biomechanical techniques. Investigating potential differences in joint forces can be beneficial in determining if there is a superior biomechanical running pattern. Previous research compared barefoot and shod running, as well as the kinetic effects of varied running styles. The current study investigated the differences in internal joint reaction forces (JRF) at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during running with two different styles. Ten male and ten female participants who naturally run with a rearfoot strike pattern were included in this study. Each subject ran barefoot on an instrumented treadmill for …

Impact Of Health Policy Changes On Emergency Medicine In Maryland Stratified By Socioeconomic Status, Laura Pimentel, David Anderson, Bruce Golden, Edward Wasil, Fermin Barreuto, Jon M. Hirshon

Publications and Research

Introduction: On January 1, 2014, the financing and delivery of healthcare in the state of Maryland (MD) profoundly changed. The insurance provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) began implementation and a major revision of MD’s Medicare waiver ushered in a Global Budget Revenue (GBR) structure for hospital reimbursement. Our objective was to analyze the impact of these policy changes on emergency department (ED) utilization, hospitalization practices, insurance profiles, and professional revenue. We stratified our analysis by the socioeconomic status (SES) of the ED patient population.

Methods: We collected monthly mean data including patient volume, hospitalization percentages, …

Impact Of Student Fees On Winning In The Ncaa, James T. Morton

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The financial picture for most intercollegiate athletic departments involves the use of student fees to help offset the costs of running the department. Students were charged more than $795 million to support sports programs at 222 Division I public schools during the 2008-09 school year (Berkowitz, Upton, McCarthy, & Gillum, 2010). With that level of investment it is prudent to ask what effect on winning these funds may have. Many presidents have cited the indirect benefits athletics brings to a campus as a justification for allocating student fees to athletics. However, while much research has been done on the subject, …

Neonatal Implications Of Substance Use Treatment During Pregnancy, Michele K. Savin, Msn, Nnp-Bc

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

I am writing in response to “Pharmacologic Treatment of Opioid Addiction During Pregnancy” by Keough and Fantasia (2017). The article nicely compares and summarizes the use of methadone and buprenorphine to treat substance use in pregnant women. I was dismayed, however, by the sections regarding neonatal considerations and breastfeeding, which contained some problematic assertions and some inaccurate conclusions.

Speaker-Specific Adaptation Of Maeda Synthesis Parameters For Auditory Feedback, Joseph Vonderhaar

Master's Theses (2009 -)

The Real-time Articulatory Speech Synthesizer (RASS) is a research tool in the Marquette Speech and Swallowing lab that simultaneously collects acoustic and articulatory data from human participants. The system is used to study acoustic-to-articulatory inversion, articulatory-to-acoustic synthesis mapping, and the effects of real-time acoustic feedback. Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) is utilized to collect position data via sensors placed in a subject’s mouth. These kinematic data are then converted into a set of synthesis parameters that controls an articulatory speech synthesizer, which in turn generates an acoustic waveform matching the associated kinematics. Independently from RASS, the synthesized acoustic waveform can be further …

Aging And Muscle Fatigability In The Upper Extremity, Andrew Kuplic

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Aging is accompanied by reductions in strength and contraction velocity, and increased fatigability of limb muscles during high-velocity dynamic contractions. These age-related changes affect functional tasks and are well described for the lower limb, with less known about the upper limb muscles. The aims of the thesis were to compare in young and old men and women: (1) maximal torque and power of the elbow flexor muscles across a range of isokinetic velocities, and (2) the neural (supraspinal) and muscular mechanisms of fatigue induced by high-velocity dynamic contractions of the elbow flexor muscles. 28 young (23.2 ± 2.6 years) men …

The Relationship Between The Military's Masculine Culture And Service Members' Help-Seeking Behaviors, Rachel Reit

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, over 2.5 million active duty U.S. military service members have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan (Knobloch & Wilson, 2015). Of those who return as veterans, twenty percent experience serious mental health problems, and only 30-40% of them seek help or treatment (Tanielian & Jaycox, 2008; Wilson, Gettings, Hall, & Pastor, 2015). Recently, the military has increased efforts to encourage help-seeking behaviors among service members and to normalize mental health treatment. However, the military’s masculine culture and emphasis on strength and toughness inhibits the success of these efforts. The present studies investigate the …

Viability Of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts After Time In Tooth Storage Media, Scott Macdonald

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Periodontal ligament cell viability at the time of tooth replantation is of utmost importance for proper repair of the damaged tissues (1). Multiple different options are currently available for storage of an avulsed tooth. The goal of this study was to investigate new storage media and evaluate their ability to maintain cell viability over time. Materials and Methods: Cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) were seeded on 96-well plates. These cells were exposed to different storage media including: Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), EMT Toothsaver (EMT), Save-A-Tooth (SAT), trehalose (T300), cell culture media, water, and different formulations of HBSS combined …

Survival Rates Of Primary Endodontic Therapy Following Core/Post And Crown Placement, Kandace Yee

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between the time to core or post and core (core/post) placement following non-surgical root canal therapy (NS RCT), the time to crown placement following core/post placement, and the incidence of an untoward event. Materials and Methods: Utilizing the Delta Dental of Wisconsin Insurance Database, information was analyzed from 476,479 initial NS RCT procedures. Of these teeth, 160,040 had a core/post and a crown placed before the end of the continuous coverage period or occurrence of an untoward event. Untoward events were defined as having a retreatment, apicoectomy, …

Qmix 2in1 And Naoci Precipitate: Documentation, Identification, And Exothermic Reaction, Gordon L. Barkley Iii

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to document and identify precipitate formation and exothermic reaction caused when mixing NaOCl and QMiX. Methods: Photography captured time-dependent changes when mixing NaOCl and QMiX at; 0 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was utilized in determination of heat flow while analyzing temperature change (°C), enthalpy (mJ), and time (seconds) for NaOCl with QMiX and NaOCl with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 2D NMR (DOSY) spectroscopy analyzed precipitation formed from NaOCl and QMiX. Results: Digital photography documented immediate, …

Analysis Of Flexural Strength And Monotonic Load To Failure Following Simulated Chairside Adjustments And Repair In A Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic, Ali Ramadhan

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: There are no studies regarding e.max Press that evaluate post-adjustment healing protocols and their effect on the load to failure in a clinically relevant test. It is essential to find the ultimate treatment protocol which will help clinicians preserve the physical properties of the ceramic restoration after adjustment. Material and Methods: The total number of samples used in this study was 440 IPS e.max press discs. The discs were 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm of thickness. The material was tested for flexural strength and monotonic load to failure. The test was done in two parts and with …

Objective And Subjective Influences On Cognitive Performance In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Natalie E. Benjamin

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an increasingly common chronic illness in children and adolescents that can result in short- and long-term health complications. Disease management can be a particular challenge for adolescents seeking autonomy from caregivers. Recently, there has been a significant increase in adolescents’ use of diabetes-related technology to aid in blood glucose (BG) management and insulin administration. Individuals with T1DM also experience symptoms related to their BG levels, and these symptoms can serve as indicators of out-of-range BG levels and guide management decisions. Although research shows that diabetes-related health factors can affect cognitive functioning, no existing research …

Comparison Of Anterior Denture Teeth Arrangements Made With The Tooth Mold Template And Definitive Computer-Aided Design & Computer-Aided Manufacturing Complete Removable Dental Prostheses, Jose Antonio Sierra

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: There is a dearth of information in the refereed literature regarding esthetics of CAD/CAM complete removable dental prostheses (CRDPs). The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the anterior denture teeth arrangement made with the medium-size anterior tooth mold template to CAD/CAM complete removable dental prostheses fabricated with bonded denture teeth and milled teeth. Material and methods: Poly-vinyl siloxane impression were made of an edentulous maxillary model and selected for use as the patient template. The edentulous model was mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator. Definitive impressions and jaw relation records were made according to the manufacturer’s protocol. …

Outcomes Of Internal Hemipelvectomy For Pelvic Tumors: A Developing Country’S Prospective, Masood Umer, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Yasir Mohib, Haroon Rashid

Department of Surgery Docs

Introduction: Previously, external hemipelvectomy was the mainstay of treatment for pelvic tumors. However, with technological advancements, limb salvage procedures such as internal hemipelvectomy have emerged as a viable alternative. However, there is limited literature available on long-term outcomes and complications of internal hemipelvectomy, especially from developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to share our experience of internal hemipelvectomy at a tertiary care center in a developing country. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was conducted in which all 24 patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 at our institution were included. Medical …

Measuring Subtypes Of Withdrawal In Children With Language Impairment, Emma Maille Coombs

Theses and Dissertations

Children with language impairment (LI) often demonstrate increased levels of withdrawal, specifically the reticent and solitary-passive subtypes. Although it is recognized that there are several subtypes of withdrawal, the relationship between withdrawal and children with LI is complex and unclear. The aim of this study was to examine items on the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS) to better understand the nature of withdrawal in children with LI. A factor analysis of TBRS scores of 355 participants was conducted to ensure that individual items on each subscale were measuring the same construct. An invariance analysis was also performed to ensure items …

The Nicotine Content Of A Sample Of E-Cigarette Liquid Manufactured In The United States, Barrett H. Raymond

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Use of electronic cigarettes (EC) has dramatically increased in the United States since 2010 with a forecasted growth of 37% between 2014 and 2019. There is little research on e-liquid nicotine concentration from domestic manufacturers. However, limited research outside of the U.S. found wide inconsistencies between the labeled concentration of nicotine in e-liquids and the actual nicotine concentration. Methods: The seven most popular online manufacturers or distributors were identified. E-liquid samples of the five most popular flavors from each manufacturer were purchased in nicotine concentrations of 0 mg/ml and 18 mg/ml. Of the samples purchased (n=70), all were labeled …

Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy, Amer Hawatmeh, H Habib, Fayez Shamoon

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Conversational Modalities On Driving And Speaking Performance, Katy Glenn

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional effects of simulated driving and conversations using different speaking modalities. Participants included 30 males and 30 females with no history of speech, language or hearing disorders. The participants were divided into three age groups: 20s, 40s, and 60s. They completed a driving simulation task in isolation and also while speaking on a hand-held or hands-free cell phone or with a passenger in the car. Speech measures included speaking time ratio, mean, and standard deviation of intensity, as well as mean and standard deviation of fundamental frequency in semitones. Driving measures …

A Rare Case Of Vascular Ring And Coarctation Of The Aorta In Association With Charge Syndrome., Jonathan B. Wagner, Joshua Q. Knowlton, Peter Pastuszko, Sanket Shah

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

A male neonate presented with CHARGE syndrome, a multiorgan genetic disorder involving the Coloboma of the eyes, congenital Heart defects, nasal choanal Atresia, growth and development Retardation, Genitourinary disorders, and Ear anomalies and deafness. Moreover, he had a rare case of vascular ring-consisting of a right aortic arch with retroesophageal brachiocephalic artery-combined with coarctation of the mid-aortic arch. He underwent both vascular ring and aortic arch repair at our institution. To our knowledge, this is the 4th documented case of this exceedingly rare type of aortic arch anomaly combined with aortic arch obstruction. Moreover, it is the first confirmed case …

Long-Term Excess Risk Of Stroke In People With Type 2 Diabetes In Sweden According To Blood Pressure Level: A Population-Based Case-Control Study., C Hedén Ståhl, M Lind, A-M Svensson, M Kosiborod, S Gudbjörnsdottir, A Pivodic, Mark A. Clements, A Rosengren

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

AIMS: To estimate the risk of stroke in people with Type 2 diabetes with different blood pressure levels compared with the risk in the general population in Sweden.

METHODS: This prospective case-control study included 408 076 people with Type 2 diabetes, aged ≥ 18 years, and free of prior stroke, registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register 1998-2011. Age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 1 913 507) without stroke from the general population were included. Stroke diagnoses were retrieved using International Classification of Disease codes from the Swedish patient and death registers. Cox hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals …

Peer Victimization In Adolescents With Severe Obesity: The Roles Of Self-Worth And Social Support In Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment., Jennifer Reiter-Purtill, Marissa A. Gowey, Heather Austin, Kevin Smith, Dana L. Rofey, Todd M. Jenkins, Beth H. Garland, Meg H. Zeller, Teenview Study Group And In Cooperation With Teen-Labs Consortium

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Objective: To examine the associations of peer victimization with internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, social competence, and academic performance in a clinical sample of adolescents with severe obesity, and whether self-worth and social support affect these associations.

Methods: Multisite cross-sectional data from 139 adolescents before weight loss surgery ( M age = 16.9; 79.9% female, 66.2% White; M Body Mass Index [BMI] = 51.5 kg/m 2 ) and 83 nonsurgical comparisons ( M age = 16.1; 81.9% female, 54.2% White; M BMI = 46.9 kg/m 2 ) were collected using self-reports with standardized measures.

Results: As a group, participants did not …

Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphisms And Outcomes In Pediatric Septic Shock., Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Nick Anas, Geoffrey L. Allen, Neal J. Thomas, Michael T. Bigham, Scott L. Weiss, Julie Fitzgerald, Paul A. Checchia, Keith Meyer, Michael Quasney, Rainer Gedeit, Robert J. Freishtat, Jeffrey Nowak, Shekhar S. Raj, Shira Gertz, Jocelyn R. Grunwell, Amy Opoka, Hector R. Wong

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene are associated with outcome and corticosteroid responsiveness among patients with inflammatory disorders. We conducted a candidate gene association study to test the hypothesis that these polymorphisms are associated with outcome and corticosteroid responsiveness among children with septic shock.

DESIGN: We genotyped 482 children with septic shock for the presence of two glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms (rs56149945 and rs41423247) associated with increased sensitivity and one glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism (rs6198) associated with decreased sensitivity to corticosteroids. The primary outcome variable was complicated course, defined as 28-day mortality or the persistence of two or more organ failures …

Multiple Organ Dysfunction In Children Mechanically Ventilated For Acute Respiratory Failure., Scott L. Weiss, Lisa A. Asaro, Heidi R. Flori, Geoffrey L. Allen, David Wypij, Martha A Q Curley, Randomized Evaluation Of Sedation Titration For Respiratory Failure (Restore) Study Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: The impact of extrapulmonary organ dysfunction, independent from sepsis and lung injury severity, on outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory failure is unclear. We sought to determine the frequency, timing, and risk factors for extrapulmonary organ dysfunction and the independent association of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory failure.

DESIGN: Secondary observational analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure cluster-randomized prospective clinical trial conducted between 2009 and 2013.

SETTING: Thirty-one academic PICUs in the United States.

PATIENTS: Two thousand four hundred forty-nine children mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure enrolled in Randomized …