Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Defects In Skeletal Muscle Subsarcolmmal Mitochondria In A Non-Obese Model Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Nicola Lai, China Kummitha, Charles Hoppel

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Skeletal muscle resistance to insulin is related to accumulation of lipid-derived products, but it is not clear whether this accumulation is caused by skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes and obesity are reported to have a selective effect on the function of subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. The current study investigated the role of the subpopulations of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity. A non-obese spontaneous rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, (Goto-Kakizaki), was used to evaluate function and biochemical properties in both populations of skeletal muscle mitochondria. In subsarcolemmal mitochondria, …

Error Disclosure Training And Organizational Culture, Jason M. Etchegaray, Thomas H. Gallagher, Sigall K. Bell, William M. Sage, Eric J. Thomas

Faculty Scholarship

Objective. Our primary objective was to determine whether, after training was offered to participants, those who indicated they had received error disclosure training previously were more likely to disclose a hypothetical error and have more positive perceptions of their organizational culture pertaining to error disclosure, safety, and teamwork.

Methods. Across a 3-year span, all clinical faculty from six health institutions (four medical schools, one cancer center, and one health science center) in The University of Texas System were offered the opportunity to anonymously complete an electronic survey focused on measuring error disclosure culture, safety culture, teamwork culture, and intention to …

Strategies For Improving Profitability Of Rural Hospitals: Are Profitable Hospitals Doing Something Different?, Bettye Apenteng, Angela Peden, Raymona Lawrence, Emmanuel Akowuah, Samuel Opoku, James H. Stephens, Bill Mase

Center for Public Health Practice & Research

THE TOP FIVE STRATEGIES adopted by rural hospitals for the purposes of improving financial performance included improving patient satisfaction and care experience, adding new service lines or expanding existing service lines, community outreach, employee engagement, and physician engagement. Profitable hospitals were more likely than other hospitals to have implemented cost-cutting and internal and external stakeholder engagement strategies.

Background

Nationwide, hospitals, as well as policy makers, are exploring strategies for improving the financial viability of rural hospitals. These efforts are in response to the critical need for sustainable hospital infrastructure in rural America and the negative impact the lack thereof can …

Nutrinews, Volume 31, August, 2017, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features Iodide Supplementation and Preemies, What not to do: Alcohol and Caffeine, Oats appear safe for patients with Celiac Disease, Marmite and Brain Functioning, Is Soda Bad for Your Brain?

The Role Of Hif-1Α In Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function In Alcoholic Liver Disease., Tuo Shao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α) is an oxygen-responsive subunit. HIF-1α plays a pivotal role in many pathophysiological processes. In addition to oxygen availability, HIF-1α can be regulated by multiple other factors in response to various pathophysiological processes. Previous studies showed that hepatic HIF-1α could be beneficial or harmful in experimental alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the role of intestinal HIF-1α in ALD has not yet been studied. Given the critical role of the gut-liver axis in ALD, it is important to elucidate the role of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α in ALD. In the first chapter, we used wide type (WT) …

Clinical And Therapeutic Significance Of Obesity In Melanoma, Jennifer L. Mcquade

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

While the FDA approval of targeted and immune therapies in metastatic melanoma (MM) have dramatically improved outcomes in this disease, de novo and/or acquired resistance can limit the clinical benefit of these agents. The IGF-1/PI3K/AKT pathway has been implicated in resistance to both targeted and immune therapy. The IGF-1/PI3K/AKT pathway has also been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity in other malignancies. To date, the impact of energy balance on clinical outcomes and therapeutic response in MM has not been studied. I hypothesized that energy balance would impact the molecular biology, behavior, and drug sensitivity …

Gcn5 Impacts Fgf Signaling At Multiple Levels And Activates C-Myc Target Genes During Early Differentiation Of Embryoid Bodies, Li Wang

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Precise control of gene expression during development is orchestrated by transcription factors, signaling pathways and co-regulators, with complex cross-regulatory events often occurring. Growing evidence has identified chromatin modifiers as important regulators for development as well, yet how particular chromatin modifying enzymes affect specific developmental processes remains largely unclear. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are self-renewing, pluripotent, and have the abilities to generate almost all cell types in adult tissues. The dual capacity of ESCs to self-renew and differentiate offers unlimited potential for studying gene regulation events at specific developmental stages in vitro that parallel developmental events during embryogenesis in vivo. …

Phase Ib/Ii Study Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Combination Therapy With Multikinase Vegf Inhibitor Pazopanib And Mek Inhibitor Trametinib In Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma., Vivek Subbiah, Christian Meyer, Ralph G. Zinner, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Marianna L. Zahurak, Ashley O'Connor, Jason Roszik, Kenna Shaw, Joseph A. Ludwig, Razelle Kurzrock, Nilofe A. Azad

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Purpose: Pazopanib, a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting primarily VEGFRs1–3, is approved for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and renal cell cancer. Downstream of VEGFR, trametinib is an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor used for melanoma. We hypothesized that vertical pathway inhibition using trametinib would synergize with pazopanib in advanced STS. Experimental Design: In an open-label, multicenter, investigator-initiated National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-sponsored trial, patients with metastatic or advanced STS received pazopanib 800 mg and 2 mg of trametinib continuously for 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was 4-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival, response rate, and disease control rate. …

Frequency Sensitive Mechanism In Low-Intensity Ultrasound Enhanced Bioeffects, April D. Miller, Abdoulkadri Chama, Tobias M. Louw, Anuradha Subramanian, Hendrik J. Viljoen

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

This study presents two novel theoretical models to elucidate frequency sensitive nuclear mechanisms in low-intensity ultrasound enhanced bioeffects. In contrast to the typical 1.5 MHz pulsed ultrasound regime, our group previously experimentally confirmed that ultrasound stimulation of anchored chondrocytes at resonant frequency maximized gene expression of load inducible genes which are regulatory markers for cellular response to external stimuli. However, ERK phosphorylation displayed no frequency dependency, suggesting that the biochemical mechanisms involved in enhanced gene expression is downstream of ERK phosphorylation. To elucidate such underlying mechanisms, this study presents a theoretical model of an anchored cell, representing an in vitro …

Impulsive Personality Dimensions Are Associated With Altered Behavioral Performance And Neural Responses In The Monetary Incentive Delay Task, Ruolei Gu, Yang Jiang, Seth Kiser, Chelsea L. Black, Lucas S. Broster, Yue-Jia Luo, Thomas H. Kelly

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Individual differences in dimensions of impulsivity personality including disinhibition and sensation seeking modulate approach responses to reinforcing stimuli, such as drugs and money. The current study examined the effects of monetary incentive on both behavioral performance and electrophysiological activity among individuals varying in disinhibition and sensation seeking. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task was completed under electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Behavioral data showed that higher disinhibition and sensation-seeking were associated with lower performance accuracy. Event-related potential (ERP) data showed that high reinforcement cues elicited a larger late positive component (LPC) than other conditions among high disinhibition participants, indicating its strong emotional …

2017-2018 Fall Bulletin Amended, University Of Mississippi Medical Center

Bulletins/Catalogs

2017-2018 Fall Bulletin amended

Quantitative Anterior And Posterior Clinoidectomy Analysis And Mobilization Of The Oculomotor Nerve During Surgical Exposure Of The Basilar Apex Using Frameless Stereotaxis., Aclan Dogan, Justin S Cetas, Gregory J Anderson, Andy Rekito, Johnny B Delashaw

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Time Between Diagnosis And Slnb On Outcomes In Cutaneous Melanoma., Daniel W Nelson, Stacey Stern, David E Elashoff, Robert Elashoff, John F Thompson, Nicola Mozzillo, Omgo E Nieweg, Harald J Hoekstra, Alistair J Cochran, Mark B Faries

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Hypothetically, delay between melanoma diagnosis and SLNB could affect outcomes, either adversely by allowing growth and dissemination of metastases, or beneficially by allowing development of an anti-melanoma immune response. Available data are conflicting about the effect of SLNB delay on patient survival. Our objective was to determine whether delay between initial diagnosis and SLNB affects outcomes in patients with cutaneous melanoma.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed query and analysis of a large prospectively maintained database of patients with primary cutaneous melanomas undergoing SLNB. An independent dataset from MSLT-1 (Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial-1) was used for validation. Primary outcomes included disease-free …

Impact Of Home Visit Capacity On Genetic Association Studies Of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease, David W. Fardo, Laura E. Gibbons, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, M. Maria Glymour, Wayne Mccormick, Susan M. Mccurry, James D. Bowen, Eric B. Larson, Paul K. Crane

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION—Findings for genetic correlates of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in studies that rely solely on clinic visits may differ from those with capacity to follow participants unable to attend clinic visits.

METHODS—We evaluated previously identified LOAD-risk single nucleotide variants in the prospective Adult Changes in Thought study, comparing hazard ratios (HRs) estimated using the full data set of both in-home and clinic visits (n = 1697) to HRs estimated using only data that were obtained from clinic visits (n = 1308). Models were adjusted for age, sex, principal components to account for ancestry, and additional health indicators.

RESULTS …

Hap Prevention: One Tracheostomy At A Time, Elenita Gianan

Master's Projects and Capstones

Abstract

The objective of this project is to educate the nursing and respiratory therapist staff, along with the patient and their families on the importance of discarding used suction catheters. The intention of this project is to provide awareness and education on the negative implications of re-using a saved one-time use tracheal suction catheters. As a future CNL, through the competency as the Clinician, designating and coordinating care for the individual to promote health and risk prevention can be practiced. Many times, a single-use tracheal suction catheter was noticed hanging connected to the suction wall, tucked under the patient’s pillow, …

The Need For Dietary Guidelines In Pakistan, Romaina Iqbal, Saman Tahir, Naveera Ghulamhussain

Community Health Sciences

Diet is one of the most important contributors to health and disease. Developing countries such as Pakistan are facing a growing epidemic of under nutrition resulting in stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies in the population. This severe situation of under nutrition in the country is coupled with rising tide of non-communicable diseases (NCD) posing the double burden of disease on the country. These burden of NCD, along with over and under nutrition poses a huge burden on the already over-utilized multi-tiered health care system in Pakistan. In this alarming situation, nutrition education in the form of food based dietary guidelines …

Patient-Reported Disability Measures Do Not Correlate With Electrodiagnostic Severity In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome., Jacob E Tulipan, Kevin F F. Lutsky, Mitchell G. Maltenfort, Mitchell K. Freedman, Pedro Beredjiklian

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Electrophysiologic studies including electromyography and nerve conduction studies play a role in the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), despite evidence that these studies do not correlate with CTS-specific symptom scores. There is a lack of evidence comparing electrophysiologic data with general measures of function.

METHODS: Fifty patients presenting for CTS treatment over an 8-month period were analyzed retrospectively. All patients completed surveys including the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (DASH) and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Survey [(physical component summary 12, mental component summary (MCS-12)]. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies were performed on …

The Effect Of Magnification Loupes On Dental Hygienists' Posture While Exploring, Emily Ludwig, Gayle B. Mccombs, Susan L. Tolle, Daniel M. Russell

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dental magnification loupes on posture during instrumentation.

Methods: A convenience sample of 27 right-handed dental hygienists, with no prior history of injuries or disabilities of the head, neck, or trunk region, enrolled in the study. Baseline posture calibration was taken and tri-axial accelerometers were placed on four locations of the head and trunk (occipital region of head; cervical vertebrae C5; thoracic vertebrae T5; lumbar vertebrae L1) to measure acceleration and the orientation of the body to gravity. Participants were randomly assigned to wear self-supplied magnification loupes during either …

On Syntropy & Precognitive Interdiction Based On Wheeler-Feynman’S Absorber Theory, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It has been known for long time that intuition plays significant role in many professions and human life, including in entrepreneurship, government, and also in detective or law enforcement activities. Women are known to possess better intuitive feelings or “hunch” compared to men. Despite these examples, such a precognitive interdiction is hardly accepted in established science. In this letter, we discuss briefly the advanced solutions of Maxwell equations, and then explore plausible connection between syntropy and precognition.

Understanding Safe Sleep Knowledge And Practices Among New Mexico Clinical Staff, Theresa H. Cruz, Emily A. Lilo, Sahlea Tubbeh

Reports & Documents

The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of current safe sleep practices implemented by nurses, and demonstrated to families, in the infant-oriented units [e.g., the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), Mother-Baby Units, and Labor and Delivery] of Albuquerque hospitals. The University of New Mexico Prevention Research Center (UNM PRC) also used data from the survey to inform a training session for clinical staff. The training was based on the most recent guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on safe sleep, applied in a culturally appropriate context for staff and for staff to use with …

Two Distinct Mechanisms Govern Rpos-Mediated Repression Of Tick-Phase Genes During Mammalian Host Adaptation By Borrelia Burgdorferi, The Lyme Disease Spirochete, A Grove, Dionysios Liveris, Radha Iyer, Mary Petzke, J Rudman, M Caimano, J Radolf, Ira Schwartz

NYMC Faculty Publications

The alternative sigma factor RpoS plays a key role modulating gene expression in Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, by transcribing mammalian host-phase genes and repressing sigma(70)-dependent genes required within the arthropod vector. To identify cis regulatory elements involved in RpoS-dependent repression, we analyzed green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptional reporters containing portions of the upstream regions of the prototypical tick-phase genes ospAB, the glp operon, and bba74 As RpoS-mediated repression occurs only following mammalian host adaptation, strains containing the reporters were grown in dialysis membrane chambers (DMCs) implanted into the peritoneal cavities of rats. Wild-type spirochetes harboring ospAB- and glp-gfp …

In Vivo Evaluation Of Stem Cell Aggregates On Osteochondral Regeneration., Banupriya Sridharan, Amy D. Laflin, Michael A. Holtz, Donna M. Pacicca, Nicholas K. Wischmeier, Michael S. Detamore

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

To date, many osteochondral regenerative approaches have utilized varied combinations of biocompatible materials and cells to engineer cartilage. Even in cell-based approaches, to date, no study has utilized stem cell aggregates alone for regenerating articular cartilage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a novel stem cell-based aggregate approach in a fibrin carrier to regenerate osteochondral defects in the Sprague-Dawley rat trochlear groove model. Two different densities of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) aggregates were fabricated by the hanging drop technique. At 8 weeks, the cell aggregates supported the defects and served as …

Pregnancy Medicaid Expansions And Fertility: Differentiating Between The Intensive And Extensive Margins, Lincoln H. Groves, Sarah Hamersma, Leonard M. Lopoo

Center for Policy Research

The theoretical and empirical links between public health insurance access and fertility in the United States remain unclear. Utilizing a demographic cell-based estimation approach with panel data (1987-1997), we revisit the large-scale Medicaid expansions to pregnant women during the 1980s to estimate the heterogeneous impacts of public health insurance access on childbirth. While the decision to become a parent (i.e., the extensive margin) appears to be unaffected by increased access to Medicaid, we find that increased access to public health insurance positively influenced the number of high parity births (i.e., the intensive margin) for select groups of women. In particular, …

The Effect Of Hyperthermic Whole Body Heat Stimulus (Sauna) On Heat Shock Protein 70 And Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy In Young Males During Weight Training, Brandon C. Jones Mr.

All NMU Master's Theses

The traditional Finnish steam sauna is theorized to aid skeletal muscle hypertrophy by stimulating Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), which acts as a molecular chaperone to the folding of functional skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate if stimulating HSP70 by using a sauna (45 – 50 ͦC, 80% Humidity) three times per week, for 15 minutes, could aid skeletal muscle hypertrophy during six weeks of resistance training in a young (21.38 ± 1.9 yrs.), recreationally trained male population. Thirteen subjects were randomly distributed into 3 groups [resistance Training + sauna (RT+S, n=5), RT + Relaxation (RT+R, …

Post-Activation Potentiation: Decay Or Fatigue Delay, Ryan L. Meidinger

All NMU Master's Theses

Post-activation potentiation has been shown to improve jumping performance and other ballistic activities. The improvements in performance have been attributed to four main mechanisms, but the most important mechanism to the current study is the improvement in neural activity that leads to greater levels of potentiation. Post-activation potentiation has been shown to be stimulated by a maximal activity, called a conditioning contraction, and can be used as a warm up. In studies that have not shown the effects of post-activation potentiation, the proposed reason is fatigue, but the interaction of post-activation potentiation and fatigue have not been thoroughly tested. The …

The Acute And Chronic Effects Of Highly Cushioned Shoes On Loading Characteristics In Recreational Runners, Jessica Corkin

All NMU Master's Theses

Recently, highly cushioned shoes (HCS) entered the running market, and manufacturers suggested extra cushioning potentially reduced injury rates through superior shock absorption, implying less impact upon foot strike versus other shoes. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week HCS intervention on running-related impact forces in adult recreational runners. We hypothesized HCS would result in altered force attenuation compared to standard cushioned shoes (SCS) at baseline. After 4-weeks, we speculated differences would not be attenuated. Twenty-nine healthy runners (18-60 yrs of age) who had never worn HCS were randomized to either an intervention (INV) …

Biomechanical Testing Of An Exercise For Strengthening The Proximal Femur., Alyssa Osbourne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Based on the principles of cutting edge bone remodeling research, a unique therapeutic exercise device was designed specifically to improve bone quality at the most critical location of the proximal femur prone to fracture: the superior-lateral femoral neck where the fracture first initiates during a fall. The exercise/device is intended to work by inducing enough strain in the bone to stimulate the body’s natural bone remodeling mechanisms to increase bone density in the proximal femur and consequently prevent a fracture from arising if a fall to the side does occur.

In order to test the proposed exercise, experiments simulating the …

Custom Software For The 3d Printing Of Patient Specific Plate Bending Templates In Pelvic Fracture Repair., Gordon B Lents

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this work is to reduce the operative time and blood loss incurred during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of traumatic pelvic injuries through the creation of patient specific bending templates for reconstruction plates. These templates are 3D printed in a resin capable of being sterilized and taken into the operating room so that bending may be performed by the surgeon before the patient is opened or by another team member in parallel with the surgeon.

A novel software extension was created in 3D modeling software to allow a surgeon to individually position screws on a pelvic …

Patterns Of Communication Technology Utilization For Health Information Among Hispanics In South Carolina: Implications For Health Equity, Deanne K.Hilfinger Messias, Robin Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc

Publications

Background: Language, culture, geographic, social, and economic factors are associated with health disparities. Among more recent Hispanic immigrants, limited English proficiency and immigration status are barriers to health information and healthcare access. Improved access to culturally and linguistically tailored health information through technology could potentially enhance healthcare access and health outcomes. However, little is known about health information-seeking through technology among Hispanics in recent settlement areas. Purpose: The aim of this exploratory study was to describe patterns of self-reported utilization of technology for health information-seeking among the growing Hispanic population in South Carolina (SC) over a period of 5 years. …

Supported Employment For Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: Provider Perspectives, Terri K. Pogoda, Kathleen F. Carlson, Katelyn E. Gormley, Sandra Resnick

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: In 2006, 13 sites were provided with one-time pilot funding to provide supported employment (SE) to Veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) history. In 2014, we surveyed SE providers at pilot and non-pilot sites that did not receive this funding. Our objectives were to identify any pilot and non-pilot site differences regarding current: (1) provision of SE to Veterans with TBI; (2) staffing and communication between the SE and polytrauma/TBI teams; and (3) provider perceptions on facilitators and barriers to providing, and suggestions for improving, SE.

Design: Mixed methods cross-sectional survey study.

Participants: Providers included a …