Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effectiveness Of Cervical Traction And Exercise In Decreasing Neck And Arm Pain For Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Shelby Baez, Johanna M. Hoch, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Clinical Question:

Is there evidence to suggest intermittent cervical traction with cervical and scapular strengthening exercises is more effective in decreasing neck and arm pain when compared with cervical and scapular strengthening exercises alone in nonoperative patients with cervical radiculopathy?

Clinical Bottom Line:

There is currently inconsistent, high-quality evidence that suggests that the use of intermittent cervical traction in addition to strengthening exercises is more effective at decreasing pain in nonoperative patients with cervical radiculopathy when compared with strengthening alone. Future research should continue to examine long-term outcomes associated with cervical radiculopathy patients who use intermittent cervical traction as an …

The Scoop, Vol. 4 Issue 6, September 2017, Health Sciences Library

Volume 4

Latest news and events from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for September 2017.

Tailoring A Nicu-Based Tobacco Treatment Program For Mothers Who Are Dependent On Opioids, Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Kristin Ashford

Nursing Faculty Publications

Objective—To collect formative information to design a tailored tobacco treatment intervention for women with newborns treated or evaluated for neonatal abstinence syndrome and to explore current tobacco use behaviors and facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation.

Design—Qualitative descriptive study.

Setting—An academic medical center in the southern United States.

Participants—Mothers of newborns who were treated or evaluated for neonatal abstinence syndrome at birth within the preceding three months. Women were recruited who were older than 18 and reported opioid dependence and smoking during pregnancy.

Methods—Participants took part in semi-structured individual interviews that lasted approximately one hour. …

Patient Education Using The Cognitive Apprenticeship Model: A Study For Rehabilitation Specialists, Paul M. Dye

Student Dissertations

Quality patient education has long been a concern for both patients and health care providers. While many clinicians support the importance of patient education, it is not known which theoretical education model supports best practice. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Cognitive Apprenticeship Model (CA) when compared to traditional patient education. There were 34 individuals receiving therapy who volunteered to be in a treatment group that received patient education using the CA model. There were 24 individuals who were assigned to a control group who received traditional patient education.

While not all of the …

Premedical Programs Newsletter, September 2017, University Of Dayton

Pre-Health Resource Center Campus Communications

Newsletter for students, staff, and faculty in the premedical and predental programs.

Program Calendar: 2017-18, University Of Dayton

Pre-Health Resource Center Campus Communications

Calendar of important academic dates and special events of interest to students, faculty, and staff in the premedical and predentistry programs.

Student Pharmacists Provide Tobacco Use Prevention Education To Elementary School Children: A Pilot Experience, Jared L. Ostroff, Marissa L. Wolff, Christina Andros, Eric C. Nemec

Physician Associate Studies Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe a service learning experience involving tobacco prevention education and to measure the education's effect on the learners' knowledge of tobacco products.

Educational activity and setting: Student pharmacists planned and presented a 40-min tobacco prevention education program using the Tar Wars curriculum to fourth and fifth grade students at three suburban elementary schools in Western Massachusetts. Mean scores on a five-question assessment given to school age children before and after the presentation were compared. A total of 206 elementary school students in ten classrooms participated.

Findings: The average survey score …

An Investigation Of Public Injection Drug Use In New York City: A Mixed-Methods Study, Taeko M. Frost

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Drug use and injection-related harms are on the rise in the United States (US). As a result, new outbreaks of HIV and viral hepatitis C (HCV) attributed to injection drug use have been identified across the country. In addition to HIV and HCV, skin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs) that result from risky injection practices lead to preventable and costly emergency department (ED) visits. The concurrent opioid overdose epidemic has prompted a national conversation on how to effectively address drug-related harms and associated costs. International studies have identified that the place a person injects is related to adverse health …

Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit Requirements: An Exploration Of National Health Policy Models, Justin P. Swearingen

Dissertations and Theses

Introduction: Nonprofit hospital organizations are public charities with complete tax immunity. Such exemptions are worth $24.6 billion and impact the health of hundreds of millions of people, yet what these charities must do to meet the current “community benefit standard” to maintain their tax-exempt status remains a policy debate. To help inform policymaking, an evaluation of four national requirement models was performed: Tax Value Requirement (at least the value of the tax exemptions must be spent on community benefit), Grassley Requirement (at least 5% of revenue must be spent on community benefit), Expense Requirement (at least 3% of expenses must …

Persistence Of Macrocytosis After Discontinuation Of Zidovudine In Hiv-Infected Patients, Inski Yu, Richard N. Greenberg, Timothy N. Crawford, Alice C. Thornton, Thein Myint

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

The duration of macrocytosis after stopping zidovudine (ZDV) is unknown. Among 104 HIV-infected patients treated with ZDV for more than 1 year, 84 patients had macrocytosis at ZDV discontinuation. The median mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 114.6 fL (range 100-128 fL). Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who did (resolved macrocytosis, n = 36) and did not (persistent macrocytosis, n = 48) normalize MCV at 3 to 6 months after ZDV discontinuation. Alcohol use (P = .02), smoking (P = .03), and lower (but within normal range) folic acid levels (P = .05) were related to …

Assessing The Effect Of Nutritional Interventions On Body Composition Changes During Pregnancy In Moderately Malnourished Malawian Women, Megan K. Kitagawa

Master's Theses

Background: Malnutrition can affect the body composition changes that occur in healthy pregnancy, resulting in adverse effects to both the mother and infant. Supplementary foods with high quality protein may result in more favorable changes in lean mass and fat mass in pregnant malnourished women.

Objective: To retrospectively assess changes in body composition in moderately malnourished pregnant Malawian women in response to one of three nutritional interventions.

Methods: Height, weight, MUAC, and TSF were measured in pregnant women with MUAC >20.6 cm and19) were compared using ANOVA. If differences were detected, differences between groups were tested using the Tukey HSD …

Ethics In Practice: From Moral Distress To Moral Resilience, Kathryn Schroeter

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Diabetes And Coronary Artery Disease: Role Of Functional Imaging, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Nosheen Fatima

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Health Literacy: Cancer Prevention Strategies For Early Adults., Robert Simmons, Susan C. Cosgrove, Martha C. Romney, James D. Plumb, Rickie O. Brawer, Evelyn T. Gonzalez, Linda G. Fleisher, Bradley S Moore

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Health literacy, the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand health information and services needed to make health decisions, is an essential element for early adults (aged 18-44 years) to make informed decisions about cancer. Low health literacy is one of the social determinants of health associated with cancer-related disparities. Over the past several years, a nonprofit organization, a university, and a cancer center in a major urban environment have developed and implemented health literacy programs within healthcare systems and in the community. Health system personnel received extensive health literacy training to reduce medical jargon …

Reduction Of Cognitive Decline In Patients With Or At High Risk For Diabetes, Gladys E. Maestre

School of Medicine Publications

Purpose of review—The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders is expected to triple by 2050. People with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes have a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Controversy remains about when and how to prevent and treat cognitive dysfunction in people with or at high risk of diabetes.

Recent findings—In our review of ongoing clinical trials, we have found that there has been an increase in the number of studies assessing the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to prevent or slow down cognitive impairment among people with or …

Validation Of The Return-To-Work Obstacles And Self-Efficacy Scale (Roses) With Workers Suffering From A Common Mental Disorder Or Musculoskeletal Disorder, Marc Corbière, Alessia Negrini, Marie-José Durand, Louise St-Arnaud, Catherine Briand, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Patrick Loisel, Jean-Philippe Lachance

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les absences prolongées du travail, et particulièrement celles liées aux troubles mentaux courants (TMC) et aux troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS), engendrent des coûts économiques et humains considérables. Devant cet enjeu, il apparaît nécessaire de mieux comprendre les facteurs qui nuisent au retour au travail (RAT) de ces deux populations. Selon la littérature, il est bien établi que le RAT est le résultat d’une interaction complexe entre l’individu et les acteurs provenant de divers systèmes tels que le milieu de travail, le système de santé et celui de l’indemnisation. Mis à part quelques particularités ou caractéristiques …

Benchmarking Relatedness Inference Methods With Genome-Wide Data From Thousands Of Relatives, Monica D. Ramstetter, Thomas D. Dyer, Donna M. Lehman, Joanne E. Curran, Ravindranath Duggirala, John Blangero, Jason G. Mezey, Amy L. Williams

School of Medicine Publications

Inferring relatedness from genomic data is an essential component of genetic association studies, population genetics, forensics, and genealogy. While numerous methods exist for inferring relatedness, thorough evaluation of these approaches in real data has been lacking. Here, we report an assessment of 12 state-of-the-art pairwise relatedness inference methods using a data set with 2485 individuals contained in several large pedigrees that span up to six generations. We find that all methods have high accuracy (92–99%) when detecting first- and second-degree relationships, but their accuracy dwindles to76% of relative pairs. Overall, the most accurate methods are Estimation of Recent Shared Ancestry …

Heart Failure–Related Hyperphosphorylation In The Cardiac Troponin Ic Terminus Has Divergent Effects On Cardiac Function In Vivo, Yuejin Li, Guangshuo Zhu, Nazareno Paolocci, Pingbo Zhang, Cyrus Takahashi, Nazli Okumus, Amir Heravi, Gizem Keceli, Genaro A. Ramirez-Correa, David A. Kass

School of Medicine Publications

Background

In human heart failure, Ser199 (equivalent to Ser200 in mouse) of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is significantly hyper-phosphorylated and in vitro studies suggest it enhances myofilament calcium sensitivity and alters calpain-mediated cTnI proteolysis. However, how its hyper-phosphorylation affects cardiac function in vivo remains unknown.

Methods and Results

To address the question, two transgenic mouse models were generated: a phospho-mimetic cTnIS200D and a phospho-silenced cTnIS200A, each driven by the cardiomyocyte-specific α-MHC promoter. Cardiac structure assessed by echocardiography and histology were normal in both transgenic models compared to littermate controls (n=5). Baseline in vivo hemodynamics and isolated muscle studies showed that …

Detection And Risk Stratification Of Women At High Risk Of Preterm Birth In Rural Communities Near Nagpur, India, Archana Patel, Amber Abhijeet Prakash, Yamini V. Pusdekar, Hemant Kulkarni, Patricia Hibberd

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Presently, preterm birth is globally the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Prompt community based identification of women at high risk for preterm births (HRPB) can either help to avert preterm births or avail effective interventions to reduce neonatal mortality due to preterm births. We evaluated the performance of a package to train community workers to detect the presence of signs or symptoms of HRPB.

Methods: Pregnant women enrolled in the intervention arm of a cluster randomized trial of Antenatal Corticosteroids (ACT Trial) conducted at Nagpur, India were informed about 4 directly observable signs and symptoms of preterm labor. Community …

Health Disparities In Veterans: A Map Of The Evidence, Karli Kondo, Allison Low, Teresa Everson, Christine D. Gordon, Stephanie Veazie, Crystal Lozier, Michele Freeman, Makalapua Motu’Apuaka, Aaron Mendelson, Marl Friesen, Robin Paynter, Caroline Friesen, Johanna Anderson, Erin Boundy, Somnath Saha, Ana Quiñones, Devan Kansagara

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Goals for improving the quality of care for all Veterans and eliminating health disparities are outlined in the Veterans Health Administration Blueprint for Excellence, but the degree to which disparities in utilization, health outcomes, and quality of care affect Veterans is not well understood.

Objectives: To characterize the research on health care disparities in the Veterans Health Administration by means of a map of the evidence.

Research Design: We conducted a systematic search for research studies published from 2006 to February 2016 in MEDLINE and other data sources. We included studies of Veteran populations that examined disparities in 3 …

Peer Review Certifies Quality And Innovation In Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics., Scott A. Waldman, Andre M. Terzic

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (CPT) is an established voice of the discipline, a trusted source of new knowledge showcasing discovery, translation, and application of novel therapeutic paradigms to advance the management of patients and populations. Identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and disseminating the best science along the discovery-development-regulatory-utilization continuum are responsibilities shared through peer review. To enhance the uniformity of this essential component of quality assurance and innovation, and maximize the value of the journal and its contents to authors, reviewers, and the readership, we review key concepts concerning peer review as it specifically relates to CPT.

Nutrinews September 2017, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features Confessions of protein obsession, Artificial sweetener and obesity, Sunburned? Vitamin D may be what you need

The Effects Of Frequent Smartphone Use On Children’S Upper Posture And Pulmonary Function, Asma Alonazi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Children are experiencing an increase in sedentary lifestyle as a result of the rising utilization of technology, i.e. smartphones. With the prolonged use of smartphones, increased concerns have been raised regarding constant neck flexion, neck movements limitation, and decreases in pulmonary function due to potential changes in spinal posture. Therefore, the purpose of this research thesis was to evaluate changes in craniovertebral angles (CVA), cervical range of motion (ROM), and pulmonary function among boys and girls 8 to 13 years of age who use smartphones. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 50 participants (24 boys and 26 …

Factors Associated With Orthodontically Induced Apical Root Resorption Of Maxillary Incisors, Brandon Malan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Resorption of root apices is a ubiquitous occurrence in orthodontic treatment. Although most occurrence of resorption during orthodontic treatment is clinically inconsequential, a small percentage of patients have a severe amount of root structure that is lost. There are factors that are widely accepted as responsible for apical root resorption (RR), such as heavy compressive forces on the periodontal ligament (PDL). Unfortunately, it is still largely unpredictable if one patient will experience more root loss than what is considered normal. Thus, it is of clinical interest to further study what factors play a role in RR. Purpose: The purpose …

Comparison Of Tooth Length Measurements Made On Cbct And 3t Mr Images, Danielle A. Piano

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare tooth length measurements made on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and 3-Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance (MR) scans. Materials and Methods: One CBCT scan (NewTom5G, AFP Imaging, USA) and one 3T MR scan (Siemens Medical Solutions, DE) as performed on 12 subjects. CBCT images were captured with an 18x16 inch field of view that covered the whole head. Contiguous sagittal MR images of the whole head were produced in a 3.0T imaging system with a T1-weighted 3D imaging sequence (Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition by Gradient Echo (MP-RAGE), TP/TE = 1950/2.26 ms) …

Effect Of Extracellular Survivin And Lymphoma Exosomes On Natural Killer Cells, Heather R. Ferguson Bennit

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tumors alter their microenvironment to promote survival using methods such as angiogenesis promotion, growth signals, and immune suppression. The immune system becomes unresponsive to transformed neoplastic cells through a variety of methods including T cell suppression, increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. NK cells have inherent killing capabilities and thus are among the first responders in recognizing and destroying abnormal cells. However, many types of cancers inhibit the surveillance and cytotoxic abilities of NK cells by releasing exosomes, vesicles that can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and intercellular communication for the purpose of enhancing …

Prediction Of Root Form Using Crown Data: Mandibular Left First Premolar, Matthew E. Durschlag

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if a statistical shape model (SSM) of the lower left first premolar, consisting of both crown and root data, could adequately describe the root form from a surface scan consisting of only crown data. Secondly, it tested if there were any angles or measurements on the tooth crown that correlate with any aspects of root morphology. The average orthodontist practicing today or in the near future is likely to use or own a digital intraoral scanner in their office. Yet optical scans only allow visualization of the crowns of teeth and …

The Role Of Vegf And Smooth Muscle Phenotype In Hypoxic Remodeling Of Ovine Carotid And Cerebral Arteries, Margaret C. Hubbell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Arteries are a dynamic tissue with multiple cell types that incorporate systemic and local factors to maintain homeostasis. Hypoxia stimulates capillary angiogenesis to effectively match metabolic demand with perfusion. With chronic hypoxia, vascular remodeling of even large vessels can occur. This predisposes to pathologic states as seen with atherosclerosis, hypoxic brain injury, myocardial ischemia, diabetes, and developmental anomalies. With this remodeling comes changes in vessel structure including medial thickness and organization of contractile proteins as well as changes in myogenic tone. All of these factors culminate in changes in status or behavior of the vascular smooth muscle within the vessel …

The Effects Of Wearing Headscarves On Cervical Spine Proprioception And Range Of Motion, Samiah Alqabbani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Wearing the headscarf is a part of an essential religious practice by females in Islamic cultures. Regular wear of the headscarf might have an influence on cervical proprioception and range of motion (ROM). The cervical spine is unique in providing multidirectional movement as well as providing the sense of awareness of movement of the head and neck in space. Impairments in cervical mobility and proprioception have been reported in subjects with whiplash-associated disorder as well as subjects having neck pain. Objectives: 1) To determine the effects of wearing the headscarf on cervical spine ROM and joint position error …

Photography And Catalogue Of Cutaneous Vascular Malformations Of Patients With Ccm1-Chm Cerebral Cavernous Malformations, Athanasios K. Manole

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Due to a genetic mutation, a rare and potentially fatal disease has spread throughout New Mexico. This disease, Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (FCCM1-CHM), is due to a mutation that affects peoples of Hispanic heritage in New Mexico. The FCCM disease is characterized by the development of dilated, thin walled, leaky vessels that occur in the brain and spinal cord. As a result of this genetic mutation, the lesions in the blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord are highly susceptible to hemorrhaging into surrounding tissue. This can lead to headaches, seizure, and possibly death. Researchers at the University of …