Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Die Genveränderung Von Embryonen Bürdet Kindern Eine Unzumutbare Last Auf, Hille Haker

Theology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Die Forschung an menschlichen Embryonen unterliegt in den meisten Staaten einer besonderen Kontrolle, die auch in den bestehenden internationalen Rechtsinstrumenten festgelegt ist. Angesichts der nun möglichen Keimbahnveränderungen durch das sogenannte «Gene Editing» oder «Genome Editing» ist eine öffentliche Diskussion aber nicht nur dringend notwendig, sondern überfällig. Die Wissenschaftsethik muss dabei eine grössere Rolle spielen, als dies derzeit der Fall ist. Meine Überlegungen in diesem Artikel betreffen ausschliesslich die reproduktive Anwendung, die ich einer ethischen Analyse unterziehe. Darüber hinaus steht jedoch eine Diskussion auch zu den anderen Anwendungsfeldern aus, so etwa zur Embryonenforschung insgesamt und zur embryonalen Stammzellforschung, zum Einsatz des …

Obese Children With Metabolic Syndrome Have 3 Times Higher Risk To Have Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared With Those Without Metabolic Syndrome, Dimitrios Papandreou, Mirey Karavetian, Zacharoula Karabouta, Eleni Andreou

All Works

Copyright © 2017 Dimitrios Papandreou et al. Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. One hundred and twenty-five subjects aged 11-12 years old participated in the study. Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical indices were measured, including lipid and liver profile, blood glucose, serum insulin, and liver ultrasound. Results: Forty-four children (58.6%) were found to have MS. Insulin resistance was present in 78 (62.4%) children. Patients with MS were more likely to have NAFLD (P <; 0.001). Children with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and lower high-density lipoprotein compared to patients with normal livers (P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in children with NAFLD (P <; 0.001). Obese children presenting with MS were 3.01 (2.87-3.57, P < 0.002) times more likely to develop NAFLD compared to those without metabolic syndrome after adjustment of cofounders. Conclusions: Obese children with MS have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. Weight management and early prevention should be the first line of treatment to prevent any possible health issues later on.

Impact Of Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasma Discharge On Polymer Surface Metrology, Laurence Scally, James Lalor, Patrick J. Cullen, Vladimir Milosavljevic

Articles

Due to the attraction of plasma technologies as a clean and efficient means of surface modification, significant research has gone into the physical and chemical aspects of polymer functionalization. In this study, it was shown that the use of an atmospheric plasma jet can efficiently modify the surface of polyethylene terephthalate samples and change their hydrophobic properties to more hydrophilic characteristics. The dependence on the changes with respect to time, distance, and atomic oxygen (O I) intensity were considered as factors. It was found that with closer proximity to the plasma source (without causing thermal degradation) and with increasing levels …

Evaluation Of Chemical Immersion Treatments To Reduce Microbial Populations In Fresh Beef, Ahmed Kassem, Joseph Meade, James Gibbons, Kevina Mcgill, Ciara Walsh, James Lyng, Paul Whyte

Articles

The aim of the current study was to assess the ability of a number of chemicals (acetic Acid (AA), citric acid (CA) lactic acid (LA), sodium decanoate (SD) and trisodium phosphate (TSP)) to reduce microbial populations (total viable count, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes) on raw beef using an immersion system. The following concentrations of each chemical were used: 3 & 5% for AA, CA, LA, SD and 10 & 12% for TSP. Possible synergistic effects of using combinations of two chemicals sequentially (LA +CA and LA +AA) were also investigated. L*, a* and b* values …

Relationship Of Religiosity And Spirituality To Hazardous Drinking, Drug Use, And Depression Among Sexual Minority Women, Laurie Drabble, Cindy Veldhuis, Barth Riley, Sharon Rostosky, Tonda Hughes

Faculty Publications

Using data from Wave 3 of the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women (CHLEW) study (N = 699), we explored whether religiosity and spirituality were associated with risk of hazardous drinking, drug use, and depression among sexual minority women (SMW; i.e., lesbian, bisexual) and possible differences by race/ethnicity. Participants were more likely to endorse spirituality than religiosity, and endorsement of each was highest among African American SMW. We found no protective effect of religiosity or spirituality for hazardous drinking or drug use. An association initially found between identifying as very spiritual and past-year depression disappeared when controlling for help-seeking. …

Situation Awareness, Sociotechnical Systems, And Automation In Emergency Medical Services: Theory And Measurement, David Schuster, Dan Nathan-Roberts

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Hiv-Infected Children At Enrollment Into Care And At Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation In Central Africa, A Adedimeji, A Edmonds, Donald R. Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, J Sinayobye, M Nduwimana, P Lelo, D Nash, K Anastos, M Yotebieng

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) regularly updating guidelines to recommend earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children, timely enrollment into care and initiation of ART in sub-Saharan Africa in children lags behind that of adults. The impact of implementing increasingly less restrictive ART guidelines on ART initiation in Central Africa has not been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data are from the Central Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) pediatric cohort of 3,426 children (0-15 years) entering HIV care at 15 sites in Burundi, DRC, and Rwanda. Measures include CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, age, and …

Cancer Risk In Waterpipe Smokers: A Meta-Analysis, Ravinder Mamtani, Sohaila Cheema, J Sheikh, A Al Mulla, Albert Lowenfels, P Maisonneuve

NYMC Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: To quantify by meta-analysis the relationship between waterpipe smoking and cancer, including cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, stomach, lung and bladder. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search to identify relevant studies, scored their quality, used fixed and random-effect models to estimate summary relative risks (SRR), evaluated heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS: We retrieved information from 28 published reports. Considering only highquality studies, waterpipe smoking was associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer (SRR 2.97; 95 % CI 2.26-3.90), esophageal cancer (1.84; 1.42-2.38) and lung cancer (2.22; 1.24-3.97), with no evidence of heterogeneity or publication …

Clinical Consultations And Investigations Before And After Discontinuation Of Endocrine Therapy In Women With Primary Breast Cancer, Derrick Lopez, Anna Kemp-Casey, Christobel Saunders, Elizabeth Roughead, Frances Boyle, Max Bulsara, David Preen

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: Although clinical trials recommend that women with hormone-dependent primary breast cancer remain on endocrine therapy for at least 5 years, up to 60% discontinue treatment early. We determined whether these women had consulted with clinicians or had investigations for cancer recurrence or metastasis around the time they discontinued endocrine therapy, and whether clinical contact continued after discontinuation.

Methods: We performed case-control and cohort studies of women from the 45 and Up Study who were diagnosed with invasive primary breast cancer between January 2003 and December 2008, and who had ≥12 months of anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole or tamoxifen subsequently dispensed. …

Health Economics Of Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Targit-Iort) For Early Breast Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis In The United Kingdom, Anil Vaidya, Param Vaidya, Brigitte Both, Chris Brew-Graves, Max Bulsara, Jayant S. Vaidya

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: The clinical effectiveness of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) has been confirmed in the randomised TARGIT-A (targeted intraoperative radiotherapy-alone) trial to be similar to a several weeks’ course of whole-breast external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in patients with early breast cancer. This study aims to determine the cost effectiveness of TARGIT-IORT to inform policy decisions about its wider implementation. Setting TARGIT-A randomised clinical trial (ISRCTN34086741) which compared TARGIT with traditional EBRT and found similar breast cancer control, particularly when TARGIT was given simultaneously with lumpectomy.

Methods: Cost-utility analysis using decision analytic modelling by a Markov model. A cost-effectiveness Markov model was …

The Most Important "Factor" In Producing Clubhead Speed In Golf, C Joyce

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Substantial experiential research into x-factor, and to a lesser extent crunch-factor has been undertaken with the aim of increasing clubhead speed. However, a direct comparison of the golf swing kinematics associated with each ‘factor’ has not, and possible differences when using a driver compared to an iron. Fifteen low handicap male golfers who displayed a modern swing had their golf swing kinematic data measured when hitting their own driver and five-iron, using a 10-camera motion analysis system operating at 250 Hz. Clubhead speed was collected using a validated launch monitor. No between-club differences in x-factor and crunch-factor existed. Correlation analyses …

Neuromuscular Training Improves Lower Extremity Biomechanics Associated With Knee Injury During Landing In 11-13 Year Old Female Netball Athletes, A Hopper, E Haff, C Joyce, R Lloyd, G Haff

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program on lower-extremity biomechanics in youth female netball athletes. The hypothesis was that significant improvements would be found in landing biomechanics of the lower-extremities, commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, following NMT. Twenty-three athletes (age = 12.2 ± 0.9 years; height = 1.63 ± 0.08m; mass = 51.8 ± 8.5 kg) completed two testing sessions separated by 7-weeks and were randomly assigned to either a experimental or control group. Thirteen athletes underwent 6-weeks of NMT, while the remaining 10 served as controls and …

Tumour-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cell Density Before Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy For Rectal Cancer Does Not Predict Treatment Response, Melanie J. Mccoy, Chris Hemmings, Chidozie C. Anyaegbu, Stephanie J. Austin, Tracey F. Lee-Pullen, Timothy J. Miller, Max K. Bulsara, Nikolajs Zeps, Anna K. Nowak, Richard A. Lake, Cameron F. Platell

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) decreases the risk of rectal cancer recurrence and reduces tumour volume prior to surgery. However, response to CRT varies considerably between individuals and factors associated with response are poorly understood. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit anti-tumour immunity and may limit any response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have previously reported that a low density of Tregs in the tumour stroma following neoadjuvant CRT for rectal cancer is associated with improved tumour regression. Here we have examined the association between Treg density in pre-treatment diagnostic biopsy specimens and treatment response, in this same patient cohort. We …

Life Care Planning In A Country With For-Profit Medicine, Rigel Macarena Pinon, Irmo Marini

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Employment/Vocational Rehabilitation Services For Persons With Hiv/Aids And Substance Abuse: A Potential Health Benefit, Abdoulaye Diallo, Chia Vang, Belinda Rivas, Antonio Aguirre, Carl Flowers

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications

This study investigates Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) services related to competitive employment closure among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and Hispanics with HIV/AIDS and substance use disorder (SUD). Data of 4150 was extracted from the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA-911) database. Descriptive statistics and multi-variate analysis showed consumers who received SSI and Medicare were less likely to be employed than those who did not, and, NHW who received rehabilitation counseling and guidance benefited the most compared to NHB who did not. Rehabilitation counselors can assist minorities with HIV/AIDS and SUD secure employment given the positive effects of employment for this population. …

Acculturation And Filial Piety As Mediators Of The Relationship Between Caregiver Burden And Gender-Role Expectations In Hispanic-American Rehabilitation Services Students, Roy K. Chen, Bryan Austin, Chien-Chun Lin

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications

Purpose: Hispanic-Americans are the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. The need to care for older Hispanics has become an important issue as they now enjoy longer life expectancies due to better access to healthcare and less labor participation in hazardous occupations. The present study examined whether the association between caregiver burden and gender-role expectations is mediated by acculturation and filial piety.

Method: The sample consisted of 93 Mexican-American rehabilitation services students enrolled at a large public university in Texas. The four instruments used in the study were the Zarit Burden Interview, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Acculturation …

Picturing Rest: A Photovoice Study Of African American Women’S Perceptions And Practices Of Rest, Eboni T. Herbert Harris

Theses and Dissertations

African American women are consistently identified as being less likely to participate in sustained leisure time physical activity (Tussing-Humphreys, Fitzgibbon, Kong, & Odoms-young, 2013), yet more likely to be overweight or obese (Levi, Segal, Laurent, & Rayburn, 2014). There has been a wide range of initiatives directed towards preventing and/or reducing obesity among African Americans, such as targeted physical activity and nutrition interventions involving goal setting, group and individualized counseling, and social support. Previous research focused on African American women’s perceptions toward physical activity, nutrition, and weight; emphasize the consideration of cultural attitudes like placing a high value on rest …

Early Life Factors And Health Outcomes In Children And Mothers, Olubunmi Olufunke Orekoya

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focused on early life exposures and their impact on children and mothers’ health. It consists of three distinct studies with an overarching goal of understanding how early life factors influence health outcomes among children and mothers. The broad aims are: 1) to examine the association between maternal gestational weight gain and offspring weight at 1 year, while assessing the mediating role of birth weight; 2) to determine the association between breastfeeding practices and development of allergic conditions (eczema/skin allergy, hay fever/respiratory allergy, and asthma); and 3) to examine the association between breastfeeding and postpartum weight retention at 12 …

Assessment Of Patient Satisfaction With The Provision Of Fertility Information In Women With Lynch Syndrome, Rachel Elizabeth Hickey

Theses and Dissertations

Lynch Syndrome (LS), one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes, is primarily known for its substantially increased risks for colorectal cancer. The incidence of gynecologic cancers (endometrial and ovarian cancers) equals or exceeds the incidence of colorectal cancers in female patients with LS. The prevention and treatment methods for these cancers can drastically affect fertility and reproduction. Previous studies with cancer patients have revealed challenges in acquiring information related to these topics; thus far, no research has assessed whether there is an informational gap regarding fertility information for women in the LS population. The purpose of this study was …

Recipients’ Perspectives Regarding Expanded Carrier Screening Of Gamete Donors, Erika Kristy Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study explored the perspectives of intended parents regarding genetic carrier screening of a gamete donor. The main goal of this study was to determine how much genetic carrier screening information a recipient would prefer to receive about potential donors. The study also aimed to identify factors that potentially influence a recipient’s choice of donor based on genetic screening results. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed to assess intended parents’ preferences regarding expanded carrier screening (ECS) of their donors. Participants were recruited from various online support groups and were eligible if they had previously utilized or were currently utilizing …

Synergism Of Quercetin And Sodium Butyrate For Controlling Growth Of Glioblastoma, Matthew Alan Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), or simply glioblastoma, is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with a prevalence of approximately 20,000 new cases per year in the United States and a 3-year survival rate of just 2%. Quercetin (QCT) is a dietary flavonoid that can be found in common foods such as red kidney beans, cilantro, and onions. Despite little evidence showing any benefits through dietary intake of QCT, various studies show its promising anti-cancer results in vitro. In glioblastoma, QCT is able to cause significant amounts of apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms. These include activation of caspase-9 and …

A Quality Improvement Project To Reduce The Incidence Of Clostridium Difficile Infection Through Implementation Of Evidence-Based Terminal Clean Procedures, Tamara Cook

Theses and Dissertations

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a huge economic burden and threat to patient health and outcomes. Clostridium difficile is the most common HAI. Effective hand hygiene and proper environmental cleaning procedures are significant to preventing the spread of C. difficile infections. The research question used to guide this project is: Does the use of a monitoring system for post C. difficile isolation terminal clean procedure reduce the rate of hospital-acquired C. difficile in the acute care population? A thorough organizational assessment was performed and directed this project to identify causes that may contribute to the recurrences of C. difficile infections. The …

Endocrine Disruption In Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) From A Pcb-Contaminated Reservoir, Stephanie B. Laplaca

Theses and Dissertations

There are numerous cases of intersex condition in fish, specifically immature oocytes in testicular tissue, documented in recent literature. Typically, these cases identify a point source input of endocrine disrupting compounds impacting the fish, such as wastewater treatment effluent. Legacy contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been suggested as endocrine disruptors in fish species. The objective of this study was to assess endocrine disruption in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from exposure to PCBs at a Superfund site in South Carolina on Lake Hartwell (SV-107), where high levels of PCBs in sediment and fish tissue samples have been detected …

Impact Of Medicare Reimbursement Policy Change On The Utilization, Risks, And Costs Associated With Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents In Cancer Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia, Minghui Li

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are biological drugs used to stimulate the production of red blood cells. ESAs are commonly prescribed for cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with low levels of hemoglobin. Due to the increasing safety concerns, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a Medicare reimbursement policy change for ESAs in cancer patients to regulate the utilization of ESAs. For chemotherapy-induced anemia, when patients had solid tumors, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or lymphocytic leukemia, ESA treatment is reimbursable by CMS only when the hemoglobin level is < 10g/dL.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were …

Adherence Of Nurse Practitioners To Jnc 8 Guidelines, Stephanie E. Averette

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of the evidence based project were to implement a best practice algorithm for treatment of hypertension (HTN) based on JNC 8 guidelines; compare nurse practitioners HTN pharmacotherapy prescribing practices before and after implementation of a HTN algorithm; and compare hypertensive adult patients’ systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings before and after the implementation of a HTN algorithm. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was used to collect and analyze data from 61 patient charts to compare nurse practitioner adherence to JNC 8 guidelines for NPs’ prescribing practices and subjects’ blood pressure (BP) outcome before and after the implementation of …

The Association Between Sexual Risk Behaviors Of Latinos And Hiv Knowledge In South Carolina, Danielle Nicole Sill

Theses and Dissertations

HIV/AIDS inordinately impacts Hispanics/Latinos, which are the fastest growing minority group in the United States. 16,222 South Carolinians are infected with HIV, with 70 new cases being diagnosed each month. Few studies have been conducted to determine if HIV knowledge is associated with sexual risk behaviors in South Carolina. Bilingual/bicultural interviewers conducted a survey of Latinos living in the Pee Dee and Midlands regions of South Carolina. The survey consisted of questions regarding demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, and sexual risk behaviors. We enrolled 203 participants in which 193 were eligible for our study (97 females and 96 males). We hypothesized …

Association Of Freestanding Dialysis Facility Size, Quality Incentive Program Scores And Patient Survival, Fozia Ajmal

Theses and Dissertations

Background

In 2011, The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has introduced a bundled payment reform along with a Quality Incentive Program (QIP) to bring efficiency in End stage renal disease (ESRD) care. The QIP rates facilities using clinical and reporting criteria, but misses out on patient outcomes. It penalizes facilities not achieving a target score by 0-2% of payments. The small facilities are expected to be impacted more by a reduction in payments. We determined the association between ESRD facility size and QIP scores and the association between QIP scores and patient survival.

Methods

We used the Medicare …

Best Practice For Screening Adult Patients With Psoriasis For Polyautoimmunity: Celiac Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis And Crohn’S Disease, Susan Danielle Ashbaugh

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if screening primary care patients with psoriasis will improve early detection of celiac disease (CD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn’s disease (CrD). The aim of this project is to assess the utility of early screening in patients with psoriasis in order to facilitate earlier diagnosis of CD, RA and CrD, which would consequently initiate earlier treatment and improve long-term patient outcomes. Genetic and population-based studies suggest that individuals with psoriasis have a greater risk of also having CrD, CD or RA, than do individuals without psoriasis. The literature also suggests that …

The Effectiveness Of Self-Regulated Strategy Development For School-Age Children With Hearing Loss, Jessica Rice

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The two-fold purpose of this feasibility study was to determine if (a) self-regulated strategy development intervention would improve the writing skills of children with hearing loss and (b) if self-regulated strategy development intervention would improve the reading comprehension skills of children with hearing loss.

Method: One eleven year-old child with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated in this single-subject, multiple probe across behaviors design treatment study which examined the effectiveness of using writing intervention to improve reading comprehension in children with hearing loss. The participant completed three seven-week writing interventions focused on narratives, opinion essays, and persuasive essays. Intervention was …

Garlic Inhibits Inflammation During Dengue Infection, Alex R. Hall

Theses and Dissertations

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes significant human disease and mortality in the tropics and subtropics. There has been a recent global trend of increased epidemic activity, and DENV infection is considered a serious emerging health problem worldwide. A relatively unexplored approach to develop new treatments for dengue virus infection and the prevention of severe disease development is through investigation of natural medicines. Inflammation plays both beneficial and harmful roles during the host response to dengue virus infection. Several studies have proposed that it is the oxidative stress response induced by dengue virus infection that is responsible …