Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Premedical Programs Newsletter, January-February 2015, University Of Dayton

Pre-Health Resource Center Campus Communications

Newsletter for students, staff, and faculty in the premedical and predental programs.

Observational Longitudinal Study Of Symptom Burden And Time For Recovery From Community-Acquired Pneumonia Reported By Older Adults Surveyed Nationwide Using The Cap Burden Of Illness Questionnaire., Kathleen W. Wyrwich, Holly Yu, Reiko Sato, John H. Powers

Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Millions of older adults who develop community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) each year survive, but there is a large knowledge gap on the burden of CAP and the recovery process in survivors from the patient perspective.

METHODS: The newly developed CAP Burden of Illness Questionnaire was administered through a Web survey to a nationwide sample of US adults aged ≥50 years who were recently diagnosed with CAP. Survey respondents with unresolved symptoms or other CAP-related health problems completed a second survey 30 days later; a third survey was completed another 30 days later by respondents with unresolved symptoms or problems. Nationally …

2015 Abstracts Student Research Conference, Student Research Conference

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

No abstract provided.

Uncovering Meanings Of Death, Trauma, And Loss As Experienced By Hospice Bereavement Coordinators: A Phenomenological Study, Rochelle S. Clarke

Department of Family Therapy Dissertations and Applied Clinical Projects

This study examined the experiences of Hospice Bereavement Coordinators (HBCs) and Hospice Chaplains working with grief narratives from patient-family units exhibiting signs of anticipatory or complicated grief. While a significant amount of research has been conducted on Hospice employees, no qualitative studies have examined the interpretation of meaning from employees whose primary role focused on the psychosocial-spiritual aspects of clients exhibiting anticipatory or complicated grief. The researcher identified shared meaning of death, trauma, and loss from six participants in the context of a high stress and high loss environment. This study‘s findings revealed ten central themes: Death is an earthly …

Promoting Professional Development For Physical Therapists In Early Intervention, Tricia A. Catalino, Lisa A. Chiarello, Toby Long, Priscilla Weaver

College of Health & Human Services (TUN) Publications and Research

Early intervention (EI) service providers are expected to form cohesive teams to build the capacity of a family to promote their child’s development. Given the differences in personnel preparation across disciplines of service providers, the Early Childhood Personnel Center (ECPC) is creating integrated and comprehensive professional development models for those who provide services for young children with disabilities and their families. To help guide this process it is important to identify inter-disciplinary competencies as well as the unique knowledge and skills that each discipline contributes to the development and implementation of effective intervention plans. This paper describes personnel preparation of …

Effect Of Heat, Cold, And Pressure On The Transverse Carpal Ligament And Median Nerve: A Pilot Study, Michael S. Laymon, Jerrold S. Petrofsky, James M. Mckivigan, Haneul Lee, Jongeun Yim

College of Health & Human Services (TUN) Publications and Research

Background: This study quantified the effects of heat, cold, and pressure on the median nerve and transverse carpal ligament in subjects without carpal tunnel syndrome.

Material/Methods: Subjects were individuals ages 20–50 who had no symptoms of carpal tunnel disease. Imaging ultrasound was used to measure the clearance around the median nerve, transverse ligament elasticity, nerve conduction velocity, thickness of the carpal ligament, and area of the median nerve. Pressure was applied to the carpal ligament to assess the effects of increasing pressure on these structures. On 3 separate days, 10 subjects had ThermaCare heat or cold packs applied, …

Environmental Influences On Preschoolers Physical Activity Levels In Various Early Learning Facilities, Leigh Vanderloo, Patricia Tucker, Andrew Johnson, Shauna Burke, Jennifer Irwin

Health Studies Publications

No abstract provided.

Medication-Induced Hypokalemia, Keith Veltri, Carly Mason

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

The authors present an introduction to hypokalemia and then discuss a case report on a patient with medication-induced hypokalemia.

Cross-Continental Care: Us And Cuban Medical Internationalism In Bolivia, Madeleine Blain

Latin American Studies Honors Projects

How can something as commonplace as going to the doctor influence international politics? In Bolivia, medicine is bound in politics. The political structure of a country both influences the approach to health care, and determines how that approach is most effectively implemented internationally. Building upon a framework of conceptual difference between capitalist and socialist health systems, this paper examines “effective” models of US and Cuban international health care on both a political and individual level. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in a Bolivian hospital, interviews with doctors working internationally, and current literature, I seek to discern what defines “effective” international health …

Context And Contribution: Going Beyond The Research Paper In The Health Sciences, Laura Menard

Scholarship and Professional Work

Conference poster presented at the Midwest Medical Library Association Chapter Meeting, October 2-6, 2015 in Louisville, KY.

Could Motivational Interviewing Unlock The Potential Of Cellular Texting? An Evidence Review Of Text Messages Influencing Behavior Change, Tracy Bozung

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Cellular text messaging is an emerging technology that influences patients’ decisions on health behaviors. It offers a cost-effective method to reduce healthcare costs by improving management for diseases or conditions associated with high morbidity/mortality. The objectives for this review are: 1) review current evidence on using text messages to influence patients’ health behaviors; 2) evaluate which conditions or diseases are most influenced by text messaging; 3) determine if basing the text messaging in a theoretical framework improves outcomes. Common literature databases were searched for any published review articles since 2005 on this subject. Thirty-six reviews met inclusion criteria. Overall, there …

Dietary Supplement Use Associated With Air Force Fitness And Deployment Health, Michael J. Bell

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: This study characterizes supplement use among United States Air Force members as well as attempts to identify an association between supplement use and Air Force Physical Fitness Test (AFPFT) scores or self-reported deployment health.

Methods: The study population (n = 24,020) was comprised of Airmen who completed a Web Based Preventive Health Assessment (WebPHA), Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) and completed an AFPFT within six months of their WebPHA. Binary logistic regression was performed to predict AFPFT scores and deployment health outcomes based on supplement usage. Chi-squared analysis was performed to determine if there is any significant association between …

The Impact Of Emergency Department Based Influenza Vaccination, Paul T. Deflorio

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: To quantify the proportion of the Wright-Patterson (WPAFB) Air Force Base Emergency Department (ED) patients presenting during a four month segment of the 2014-2015 influenza season who were eligible for influenza vaccination and model the impact of vaccinating them.

Methods: A random sample of 200 out of 5,624 ED patients who presented to the WPAFB ED between October 1st, 2014, and January 31st, 2015 was studied. Both ED charts and immunization records were reviewed to determine eligibility for influenza vaccine during the ED visit. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to determine vaccine velocity (VV), which was …

Emergency Preparedness For A Radiological Disaster: Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant Release, Meghan A. Jackson

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Over the course of human history, man has tried to find an ultimate source of energy. Nuclear energy has been paramount to this sustainability. There have been over 420 nuclear related disasters since 1944 and preparedness has only marginally increased in response. This study examines the potential outfall of a major nuclear accident within the United States at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant. Using data from the incident that occurred in Fukushima, Japan in 2011, radiation plumes were plotted using HotSpot software over northern Ohio to examine the dispersion and concentration of radioactive particles and their potential health effects on …

Requirements For Developing The Model Of Spatial Orientation Into An Applied Cockpit Warning System, Ben D. Lawson, Braden J. Mcgrath, Michael C. Newman, Angus H. Rupert

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Refinements have been made to a model of spatial disorientation (SD) to improve simulation of acceleration stimuli and visual-vestibular interactions. The improved model has been applied to aviation mishaps. The model is considered a technological countermeasure for SD because it is implemented as prototype software to aid the identification of mishap contributors in a way that should benefit didactic training. There is a more direct way this countermeasure can prevent SD, which is by adapting it for use as part of a cockpit warning system. The idea is to expand the model from one which explains mishaps post-hoc into one …

Possibilities Of Using The On-Board Intelligent Voice Informing Systems In Complex Flight Situations, Oleksandr Petrenko

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The paper discusses expediency and possibility of using the on-board voice informing systems aimed at issuing messages which help recognize hazardous scenarios and work out correct strategies of flight crew activities. Important possibilities of man-to-machine speech interactions in intelligent cockpits analyzed taking into account the wide range of psychological characteristics of speech. Voice channel of machine-to-man interaction regarded as one of the tools of effective conjugation of capabilities of intelligent cockpit and human’s special heuristic potential. In the context of cockpit intellectualization prerequisites for the voice information reporting system functions transformation appear. The concept and flowchart of Intelligent Voice Support …

After-Action Reviews: Best Practices And Application To Aerospace Education, Richard G. Moffett Iii, Michael B. Hein, Jessie M. Mcclure

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

This study describes an approach to after–action reviews (AARs) used in a university capstone course that uses a high-fidelity team simulation of a flight operations center for a regional airlines. The specific methods used in the AARs are discussed in the context of comparing them to possible best practices for conducting AARs.

Identifying Representative Symbology For Low Visibility Operations/Surface Movement Guidance And Control System (Lvo/Smgcs) Paper Charts, Andrea L. Sparko, Stephanie G. Chase

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The Volpe Center developed a questionnaire to examine the representativeness of symbol shapes and the usefulness of information depicted on Low Visibility Operations/Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (LVO/SMGCS) paper charts. One-hundred forty-four pilots were shown a series of symbol shapes and responded “Yes” or “No” to whether they considered each symbol shape representative of a given information type. Symbol shapes were presented at increasing levels of context. Pilots then rated the usefulness of information depicted on LVO/SMGCS charts. Pilots identified representative symbol shapes for a geographic position marking, instrument landing system (ILS) hold line, runway guard lights (RGL), stop …

A Valid And Reliable Safety Scale For Passenger’S Perceptions Of Airport Safety, Stephen Rice, Rian Mehta, Scott Winter, Korhan Oyman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Previous research has developed various customer satisfaction scales in many applied areas; however, to our knowledge, there is not a validated scale for measuring commercial airline passengers’ ratings of personal safety based on airport security. The current study seeks to address this missing gap by developing a valid and reliable safety scale for commercial airline passengers (SS-CAP). We first solicited words and phrases that are related to a passenger’s feeling of safety from potential consumers and experts in the field. We then narrowed down the list to 7 remaining items. Lastly, we tested the scale using participants from Amazon's ® …

An Evaluation Of The Utility Of At-Sat For The Placement Of New Controllers By Option, Cristina L. Byrne, Dana Broach

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

In this study, we investigated the utility and fairness of using the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) test battery to place Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) applicants into terminal or en route facilities. While results of statistical analyses indicated that AT-SAT could be considered a valid tool for use in placement, based on technical considerations only, it was concluded that it should not be used in that way due to lack of utility and potential for adverse impact. If the FAA were to use AT-SAT for placement, the risk of additional adverse impact and pay disparities should be evaluated …

Identifying Mental Models Of Search In A Simulated Flight Task Using A Pathmapping Approach, Brandon S. Perelman, Shane T. Mueller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Aerial assets are often used for missions such as intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance. The pilot’s search decisions reflect a mental model for the search space, including characteristics such as target prioritization, distance-reward evaluations, and path optimization cri-teria. To investigate differences in these mental models, we examined 23 participants’ paths flown in a synthetic task environment in which they piloted a simulated aircraft to search for targets rep-resenting missing persons. Determining similarity among flight paths is a challenge. To accom-plish this, we used a new tool (Pathmapping, a package in the R statistical computing language; Mueller, Perelman, & Veinott, …

Uas Air Traffic Controller Acceptability Study-2: Effects Of Communications Delays And Winds In Simulation, James R. Comstock Jr., Rania W. Ghatas, Maria C. Consiglio, James P. Chamberlain, Keith D. Hoffler

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

This study evaluated the effects of Communications Delays and Winds on Air Traffic Controller ratings of acceptability of horizontal miss distances (HMDs) for encounters between UAS and manned aircraft in a simulation of the Dallas-Ft. Worth East-side airspace. Fourteen encounters per hour were staged in the presence of moderate background traffic. Seven recently retired controllers with experience at DFW served as subjects. Guidance provided to the UAS pilots for maintaining a given HMD was provided by information from self-separation algorithms displayed on the Multi-Aircraft Simulation System. Winds tested did not affect the acceptability ratings. Communications delays tested included 0, 400, …

Faa Training Assessment Of On-The-Job Training, Darendia Mccauley

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The field training administered to air traffic controllers is provided by instructors who are also controllers but have undergone training to become on-the-job training instructors (OJTIs). The training of these field OJTIs is under revision based on a training needs assessment conducted in 2011. Controllers who were not successful in training at their first facility can be reassigned to another facility, where they receive field training specific to that facility. The controllers who did not succeed in training initially and requested reassignment may have a useful perspective on the training they received. This perspective may aid in revising the training …

Eeg Data Analysis Using Artifact Separation, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Matthew Middendorf, Michael Hoepf, Scott Galster

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

It has been postulated that physiological measures can be a positive indicator of mental workload. One such measure is the electroencephalogram (EEG). It is well known that the EEG signal is easily affected by artifacts. One prominent source of artifacts is eye activity, including blinks and saccades. These contaminates coincide directly with EEG signals, making it difficult to obtain artifact-free data. This paper discusses a methodology that performs artifact separation at the data analysis stage. This technique was used to analyze data from a recent experiment. Workload was manipulated by varying the difficulty of the primary task while responding to …

Panel On Cross-Cultural Pilot Selection, Diane L. Damos, Mark R. Rose, Monica Martinussen, Jan L. Lorenz

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Airlines in developing nations often face a pilot shortage. Airlines in such countries either must recruit experienced pilots worldwide or aid in the establishment of national flying schools. The first presentation explains some of the issues the airlines encounter in performing worldwide background screenings on experienced pilots. Selecting either experienced pilots or cadets from a multi-cultural, multi-lingual applicant pool is challenging. The second presentation discusses data comparing native versus immigrant cadet applicants on cognitive tests. The third presentation describes problems associated with adapting a personality assessment to a new culture and language and the resultant predictive validities. Selecting cadets for …

Enroute Atc Industry Perceptions Of Simulation Fidelity, Colin Dow, Jonathan Histon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Enroute air traffic control (ATC) relies heavily on simulation in training, research, and concept development applications. However, it has little domain-specific research on the effects of simulation fidelity and lacks a standardized definition of simulation fidelity in the literature. A survey of ATC industry professionals shows that simulation fidelity is not perceived to be well defined for the domain of enroute ATC, regardless of respondent nationality, experience, use of simulation or gender. Parts of the operational environment that survey respondents felt were important components in a definition of simulation fidelity are reported; Communications is the most important component regardless of …

Pilots’ Willingness To Report Aviation Incidents, Andreas Haslbeck, Carsten Schmidt-Moll, Ekkehart Schubert

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

This paper reports results from a survey-based study among eighty-six airline pilots investigating their willingness to report safety-relevant events and incidents. Pilots have been asked to report how many events they have experienced in thirty-five different contextual areas and how often they have reported these cases. Thus, underreporting rates, respectively dark figures, were calculated and listed. These results and the willingness to report are discussed within an aviation operation’s background. Most of these surveyed underreporting rates are very high, which means a substantial source of uncertainty in airlines’ safety reporting databases, and thus for airlines’ safety management systems.

Simulator-Based Assessment Of Flight-Specific Aptitudes In German Armed Forces’ Aircrew Selection, Katrin Meierfrankenfeld, Werner Greß, Tina Vorbach

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

This paper outlines German Armed Forces’ (GAF) approach to predict future success in flight training of applicants for becoming aircrew member. GAF’s aircrew selection procedure consists of three phases. Phase I and II include the assessment of basic aptitudes and the aviation-medical examination. Phase III (fixed wing) is more complex. It consists of one week simulator-based screening in a typical training scenario: Candidates prove their skills both in 4 simulator-flight missions with increasing workload and in academic training. As in real flight training, a briefing, a demonstration and a practice phase and subsequent debriefings prepare candidates for their check phases. …

Living In Freedom Together (Lift), Marianne Sarkis, Cora Torton, Isabel Szatkowski, Nicole Bell, Rebecca Wallace, Macy Golman

Local Knowledge: Worcester Area Community-Based Research

A poster created for a proposed housing plan through Living in Freedom Together (LIFT). The house would serve as a safe space for women seeking to get out of prostitution through social services and mentorship.

Linking The Home And Neighborhood Food Environments Regarding Dietary Intake Among Rural Adolescents, Matthew James Saulnier

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Home availability of both healthful and unhealthful foods may influence consumption among rural adolescent populations. In conjunction, the availability of food in an individual’s local food environment has the potential to significantly impact what is procured for the home and eaten away from the home. The purpose of this study was to determine how in-store food availability and parental purchases influences home availability and, ultimately, dietary intake among adolescents. This study measured perceived home availability, using the University of Minnesota Project EAT Survey, and dietary intake, using the NHANES Dietary Screener Questionnaire, of (n=28) adolescent participants in two Kentucky counties …