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2015

Reproductive Health

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Distribution D'Anneaux Vaginaux Contraceptifs, Population Council Jan 2015

Distribution D'Anneaux Vaginaux Contraceptifs, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Dans le cadre de son projet “Distribution d’anneaux vaginaux contraceptifs”, le Population Council a conclu un accord de coopération avec l’USAID pour introduire deux nouvelles méthodes contraceptives modernes sur les marchés en développement: l’anneau vaginal contraceptif à progestérone, un anneau contraceptif d’une durée d’action de trois mois spécifiquement conçu pour espacer les grossesses durant l’allaitement; et un anneau vaginal contraceptif expérimental d’une durée d’utilisation d’un an—l’anneau vaginal contraceptif Nestorone®/ethinyl estradiol—qui peut être utilisé par les femmes sexuellement actives en âge de reproduction (15 à 49 ans) pour retarder ou espacer les grossesses. Le Population Council vise à élargir le choix …

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Proposed Indicators To Measure Adherence To And Effects Of Rights-Based Family Planning: Resource Guide, Kelsey Wright, Karen Hardee Jan 2015

Proposed Indicators To Measure Adherence To And Effects Of Rights-Based Family Planning: Resource Guide, Kelsey Wright, Karen Hardee

Reproductive Health

At the London Summit on Family Planning in 2012, the goal of expanding access to FP programs by 120 million additional women and girls by 2020 was established. This goal calls attention to the need for FP information and services to be delivered in ways that are voluntary and respect human rights. While human rights have been codified and affirmed in declarations, conventions, and treaties, operationalizing rights in FP programs is still in an early stage of development. With the recent emergence of global numeric benchmarks for FP programs, there is the risk that the focus will move away from …

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Willingness To Pay For Contraceptive Vaginal Rings In Senegal, Babacar Mane, Fatou Mbow, Deepa Rajamani, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao Jan 2015

Willingness To Pay For Contraceptive Vaginal Rings In Senegal, Babacar Mane, Fatou Mbow, Deepa Rajamani, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao

Reproductive Health

Contraceptive vaginal rings are an innovative category of products that have not been introduced into any sub-Saharan African country. As a result, there is little experience to guide the introductory pricing for the PVR and the one-year NES/EE CVR when it becomes available. The evidence generated by this consumer willingness to pay, and provider/procurer study has shed light on critical aspects of PVR introduction in Senegal. In general, the results generated here complement and reinforce findings from an acceptability study of the PVR and stakeholder discussions that have been occurring over the past three years. Results confirm that contraceptive vaginal …

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Are Parents Talking To Adolescents About Sexuality? Evidence From Four Slums In Ghana, Selina F. Esantsi, Francis Onyango, Gloria Quansah Asare, Emmanuel Kuffour, Placide Tapsoba, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew Jan 2015

Are Parents Talking To Adolescents About Sexuality? Evidence From Four Slums In Ghana, Selina F. Esantsi, Francis Onyango, Gloria Quansah Asare, Emmanuel Kuffour, Placide Tapsoba, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

This evidence brief summarizes the essential information from a part of a larger study that assessed the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents in four slums in two regions of Ghana. The objective of this brief is to provide evidence to support and facilitate the improvement of parent–adolescent communication on sexuality. This study echoes several other studies by providing evidence that a majority of parents are not opposed to in-school sex education for their children and welcome the idea of empowering themselves (parents) to have productive discussions with their children. Nevertheless, there is a mismatch between the proportion …

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Comprendre Les Grossesses Non Désirées Au Sénégal : Rapport Du Profil Pays [Compte Rendu De L’Atelier De Dissémination Des Résultats Auprès Des Parlementaires], Babacar Mane, Bocar Mamadou Daff, Marie-Jesus Buabey, Abdelylah Lakssir Jan 2015

Comprendre Les Grossesses Non Désirées Au Sénégal : Rapport Du Profil Pays [Compte Rendu De L’Atelier De Dissémination Des Résultats Auprès Des Parlementaires], Babacar Mane, Bocar Mamadou Daff, Marie-Jesus Buabey, Abdelylah Lakssir

Reproductive Health

En partenariat avec le Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale et l’initiative Partners in Population and Development, le bureau du Population Council—Sénégal a organisé une rencontre avec des membres de l’Assemblée Nationale et d’autres acteurs locaux clés pour diffuser les résultats du rapport de l’étude sur le profil pays menée dans le cadre du projet de recherche "Strengthening Evidence for Programming on Unintended Pregnancy” plus connu sous l’acronyme “STEP UP.” A l’issue de la réunion, les recommandations ont été formulées concernant la législation, le renforcement des capacités et la prise en charge des problèmes de santé de la …

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Conceptualizing And Measuring Unintended Pregnancy And Birth: Moving The Field Forward, Population Council Jan 2015

Conceptualizing And Measuring Unintended Pregnancy And Birth: Moving The Field Forward, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Given the complexity of conceptualizing and measuring unintended pregnancy, STEP UP convened an expert group meeting in Accra, Ghana with the objectives of contributing to a clearer understanding and agreed-upon definition of unintended pregnancy; reviewing existing approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of unintended pregnancy; drawing from existing approaches to propose and draft indicators, metrics, data collection instruments, and analysis strategies for measuring and tracking unintended pregnancy through multiple data collection procedures; and identifying challenges and opportunities for communicating evidence on unintended pregnancy and informing policy, planning, and investment decisions. Following presentations and discussions on these issues, participants reviewed the …

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Kenya Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Health Policy, Ministry Of Health Kenya Jan 2015

Kenya Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Health Policy, Ministry Of Health Kenya

Reproductive Health

This document is a review and revision of the National Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy of Kenya, which involved in-depth consultations with a wide range of stakeholders through literature review, interviews, consultative meetings, and reviews of the various drafts. Many changes took place at the national and international levels that needed to be taken into account as the policy was reviewed, including the Constitution of Kenya (2010) with its attendant devolved governance structure as well as demographics, and social, economic, and technological environment. The government has made concerted efforts as part of Vision 2030 to respond to adolescents and …

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Engaging The Missing Link: Evidence From Falah For Involving Men In Family Planning In Pakistan—Meeting Report, Seemin Ashfaq, Farooq Ahmed Jan 2015

Engaging The Missing Link: Evidence From Falah For Involving Men In Family Planning In Pakistan—Meeting Report, Seemin Ashfaq, Farooq Ahmed

Reproductive Health

The Population Council Pakistan, as part of the Evidence Project, synthesized evidence from both national and international sources and developed a set of research documents highlighting the importance of involving men in family planning efforts in Pakistan. This report outlines the findings of these important publications shared at the National Consultative Meeting which was held to provide evidence-based recommendations to major stakeholders who are directly involved in shaping population and health policies and programs. The aim of the meeting was to stimulate thinking and build consensus on a renewed male engagement strategy as part of the Plan of Action to …

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Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package—Implementing Respectful Maternity Care In Kenya, Population Council Jan 2015

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package—Implementing Respectful Maternity Care In Kenya, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) Resource Package was developed by the Heshima project as part of the USAID Translating Research into Action (TRAction) project. The resource package is designed to be used by program managers, supervisors, trainers, technical advisors, and others who organize or facilitate RMC training workshops on sexual and reproductive health as well as skills training in emergency obstetric and newborn care. The resource package provides experienced facilitators with background information, materials, instructions, and tips for promoting respectful care in reproductive, maternal, and newborn health services in both facilities and communities. The resource package also includes tools for …

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Family Planning Policy, Program, And Practice Decisionmaking: The Role Of Research Evidence And Other Factors, Karen Hardee, Kelsey Wright, Joanne Spicehandler Jan 2015

Family Planning Policy, Program, And Practice Decisionmaking: The Role Of Research Evidence And Other Factors, Karen Hardee, Kelsey Wright, Joanne Spicehandler

Reproductive Health

Current attention to increasing access to family planning has increased focus on ensuring that policy, programming, and practice are “evidence-based.” This paper seeks to answer when, what types, and how evidence is used in decision-making related to family planning. Views of what constitutes evidence need to be more aligned: researchers should understand that “evidence-based” does not only mean “research evidence-based” to decision-makers; and decision-makers must understand the value of robust research evidence among other evidence they consider when making decisions. Decision-makers appreciate research but it is only one factor they take into consideration—and may not be the most influential factor …

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The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (Supplemental Material In French), Population Council Jan 2015

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (Supplemental Material In French), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. The BCS+ includes user's guide, trainer's guide, algorithm, method brochures, and counseling cards. This publication …

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Strengthening The Role Of Patent Medicine Vendors In The Provision Of Injectable Contraception In Nigeria, Population Council, The Evidence Project Jan 2015

Strengthening The Role Of Patent Medicine Vendors In The Provision Of Injectable Contraception In Nigeria, Population Council, The Evidence Project

Reproductive Health

The majority of contraceptive services in Nigeria are offered in private settings, including Patent Medicine (PM) shops. PM shops are informal businesses owned by Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) licensed to sell patent or proprietary drugs. Injectable contraception is the most popular modern contraceptive method in Nigeria. However PMVs are not regulated to sell or administer injectable contraceptives because the businesses do not receive formal training. Despite this, some PMVs are selling and administering injectable methods in response to high demand. The Evidence Project, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, conducted implementation research to: demonstrate the feasibility of PMVs …

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The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (Supplemental Material In Dari), Population Council Jan 2015

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (Supplemental Material In Dari), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. The BCS+ includes user's guide, trainer's guide, algorithm, method brochures, and counseling cards. This publication …

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The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (With Zika Information), Population Council Jan 2015

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (With Zika Information), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. This publication is the English language version with Zika information of the user's guide, trainer's …

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Peer Mentoring: An Effective Strategy For Integrating Hiv And Srh Services, Integra Initiative Jan 2015

Peer Mentoring: An Effective Strategy For Integrating Hiv And Srh Services, Integra Initiative

Reproductive Health

Mentoring is an innovative approach to improving provider skills without compromising service delivery by harnessing the potential of existing providers. In Kenya, a peer-mentorship approach was designed and tested to improve service providers’ skills, knowledge, and capacity to provide high-quality integrated HIV and SRH services. A central component was to understand providers’ opinions on mentoring, so as to build a practical and sustainable mentorship model. The “Steps to Integration” series provides a guide on how to integrate HIV and SRH services based on findings from the Integra Initiative, managed by the International Planned Parenthood Federation in partnership with the London …

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Male Utilization In Integrated Srh And Hiv Services, Integra Initiative Jan 2015

Male Utilization In Integrated Srh And Hiv Services, Integra Initiative

Reproductive Health

Worldwide, men are less likely to seek sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV services than women. This is due to the way in which SRH and HIV services are organized and promoted as well as rigid gender norms and harmful perceptions of what it means to be a man, with far reaching consequences on health and well-being. The “Steps to Integration” series provides a guide on how to integrate SRH and HIV services based on findings from the Integra Initiative, managed by International Planned Parenthood Federation in partnership with the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the …

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Contraceptive Use And Fertility Intentions Among Women Living With Hiv In Kenya And Swaziland, Integra Initiative Jan 2015

Contraceptive Use And Fertility Intentions Among Women Living With Hiv In Kenya And Swaziland, Integra Initiative

Reproductive Health

At the end of 2013, an estimated 35 million people were living with HIV, and sub-Saharan Africa was disproportionately affected. With major efforts directed at expanding access to life-saving antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa, many people are living longer with HIV, leading productive and sexually active lives. Unintended pregnancies and the potential of vertical transmission are some of the challenges faced by women living with HIV. Understanding the fertility preferences and reproductive decisions of these women is vital for informing efforts to enable them to achieve these desires effectively and safely. The “Steps to Integration” series provides a guide on …

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Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Programs: Experiences From Senegal, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao Jan 2015

Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Programs: Experiences From Senegal, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao

Reproductive Health

The Population Council is conducting activities to facilitate the introduction of vaginal rings in sub-Saharan Africa. This report notes that the first ring to be introduced will be the Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR), which is relevant in contexts where women practice prolonged lactation. The PCVR will also address the high unmet need for family planning (FP), especially for postpartum women. The Council aims to expand the availability and affordability of vaginal rings in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal. One of the challenges is the lack of skilled providers. To design plans for involving mid- and lower-level health workers in …

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An Innovative Financing Model For The Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Through Voucher Programs, Ishita Chattopadhyay, John Townsend, Saumya Ramarao Jan 2015

An Innovative Financing Model For The Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Through Voucher Programs, Ishita Chattopadhyay, John Townsend, Saumya Ramarao

Reproductive Health

This technical report introduces the theoretical framework for the demand generation and supply chain mechanisms for an effective reproductive health voucher system. The key roles and functions of an effective voucher system are described. A methodology for implementation of a voucher system for the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR), also referred to as the PCVR Voucher Based Care (VBC) program, has been designed to introduce the PCVR in the context of choice, equity in price, and range of outlets, ensuring quality of care and consistent availability of services. The model provides a framework and guidelines on how the …

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Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package—Alternative Dispute Resolution: Resolving Incidents Of Disrespect And Abuse, Population Council Jan 2015

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package—Alternative Dispute Resolution: Resolving Incidents Of Disrespect And Abuse, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a process whereby an independent and impartial third party facilitates negotiation between disputing parties, in this case to resolve incidents of disrespect and abuse (D&A) in a health care setting. In Kenya, ADR was originally used to settle land disputes and inheritance issues at the community level. The voluntary ADR mechanism brings the aggrieved parties together with an opportunity to solve problems in a locally acceptable way. ADR supports both providers’ and clients’ rights and obligations by ensuring each side is heard. This Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) resource provides guidance on the sequence of steps …

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Validation Study Of Lqas-2 In Uttar Pradesh Behavior Change Management Project, Arupendra Mozumdar, Jaleel Ahmad, M.E. Khan Jan 2015

Validation Study Of Lqas-2 In Uttar Pradesh Behavior Change Management Project, Arupendra Mozumdar, Jaleel Ahmad, M.E. Khan

Reproductive Health

India’s Uttar Pradesh Behavior Change Management project studied the potential of community mobilization through Self Help Groups (SHGs) to improve healthy behaviors that may have a direct bearing on maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. Multiple rounds of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) surveys were undertaken to monitor project activities and take corrective measures to improve project indicators. The surveys also evaluated the diffusion of health messages in the project area. The LQAS-2 validation study aimed to examine the accuracy of LQAS-2 data and understand the process of administering the LQAS. The study, which documented the process of survey administration, …

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Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package—Debriefing Sessions: Caring For The Carers, Population Council Jan 2015

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package—Debriefing Sessions: Caring For The Carers, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Caring for the Carers is an activity aimed at reducing work-related stress—a major driver of disrespect and abuse (D&A) during facility-based childbirth. Pregnancy, labor, and delivery are expected to be joyous moments for the mother, her family, and the service providers. However, this is not always the case due to maternal complications or even death. Maternity units often have high workloads. This, coupled with lack of professional support for staff and providers, and poor governance and leadership, may lead to work-related stress. These critical incidents can accumulate and contribute to staff stress and emotional exhaustion, which ultimately prevents provision of …

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Landscape Analysis Of Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia In Nigeria, Charlotte E. Warren, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Ayodeji Oginni, Gloria Adoyi, Karen Kirk, Amy Dempsey Jan 2015

Landscape Analysis Of Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia In Nigeria, Charlotte E. Warren, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Ayodeji Oginni, Gloria Adoyi, Karen Kirk, Amy Dempsey

Reproductive Health

The Population Council’s Ending Eclampsia project, with support from USAID, seeks to expand access to proven, underutilized interventions and commodities for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) and to strengthen global partnerships. The Council conducted a landscape analysis on PE/E in Nigeria in 2015. Its main objectives were to understand the level of programmatic and policy support for PE/E prevention and treatment; to analyze gaps in providers’ competence to prevent, detect, and manage PE/E; to determine capacity at primary health facilities to manage PE/E; to assess community awareness, beliefs, and experiences around PE/E; to understand …

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Promoting Respectful Maternity Care: A Training Guide For Facility-Based Workshops—Facilitator’S Guide, Population Council Jan 2015

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care: A Training Guide For Facility-Based Workshops—Facilitator’S Guide, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This training guide was produced by the Population Council as part of the Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) Resource Package developed by the Kenya Heshima Project. The Heshima Project, as part of the USAID Translating Research into Action (TRAction) project, was tasked with determining the manifestations, types, and prevalence of disrespect and abuse (D&A) in childbirth; identifying and exploring the potential drivers of D&A; and designing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the impact of interventions for reducing D&A including generating lessons for scale-up. The Resource Package is based on the most effective interventions, and provides practical, low-cost, and easily adaptable strategies for …

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Health Facility Guidelines And Management Benchmarks: Improving Workplace Health Services And Health Management In Factories, Farms And Other Workplaces In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, David Wofford, Marat Yu, Lauren Shields, Maria Pontes Jan 2015

Health Facility Guidelines And Management Benchmarks: Improving Workplace Health Services And Health Management In Factories, Farms And Other Workplaces In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, David Wofford, Marat Yu, Lauren Shields, Maria Pontes

Reproductive Health

This document contains a set of voluntary health and management guidelines for corporations and their supply chains to promote continual improvement and application of good practices, better access to men’s and women’s health services, and more effective use of health resources at workplaces in the developing world. It is focused on both quality of health services provided at the workplace and adequacy of company policies and management systems to ensure that workers have access to health services. The main goals of the guidelines are to: 1) help enterprises—multinational companies and their supplier or subsidiary companies in developing countries—improve the management …

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Prospects For Economic Growth In Punjab Under Alternative Demographic Scenarios: The Case For A Rapid Fertility Decline, David E. Bloom, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq Jan 2015

Prospects For Economic Growth In Punjab Under Alternative Demographic Scenarios: The Case For A Rapid Fertility Decline, David E. Bloom, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq

Reproductive Health

Punjab is currently undergoing a demographic transition from a situation of high fertility and high mortality to one of lower fertility and mortality. The resulting bulge in its working-age population means the province is poised to reap a “demographic dividend.” By 2050, Punjab’s per capita income will be 210 percent higher than today’s levels if there is no decline in fertility, but 431 percent higher if fertility declines rapidly. The scale and effectiveness of efforts to reduce fertility levels in Punjab will determine whether per capita income in the province grows by 333 percent or by 431 percent by 2050. …

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Evaluation De La Mise En Oeuvre Et Des Réalisations De L’Approche 3d Au Sein Du Plan D’Action National De Planification Familiale (Panpf) Au Sénégal—Partie 1: Revue Documentaire, Leslie Dubent, Fatou Mbow, Nafissatou Diop, Fatou Ndiaye Turpin, Bocar Mamadou Daff, Babacar Mane Jan 2015

Evaluation De La Mise En Oeuvre Et Des Réalisations De L’Approche 3d Au Sein Du Plan D’Action National De Planification Familiale (Panpf) Au Sénégal—Partie 1: Revue Documentaire, Leslie Dubent, Fatou Mbow, Nafissatou Diop, Fatou Ndiaye Turpin, Bocar Mamadou Daff, Babacar Mane

Reproductive Health

Le Plan d’Action National de Planification Familiale 2012–15 (PANPF 2012–15) du Sénégal est basé sur l’Approche 3D (Démocratisation, Démédicalisation, Décentralisation). Au moment où le PANPF 2012–15 arrivait à terme, et qu’un nouveau plan était élaboré, le Population Council a mené une étude pour documenter la mise en œuvre et les réalisations de l’Approche 3D en relation avec le PANPF. Cette étude documente l’Approche 3D en relation avec le PANPF à travers une revue documentaire et une recherche qualitative. Elle décrit les leçons apprises de sa mise en œuvre et partage les bonnes pratiques que d’autres pays pourraient adopter, en particulier …

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Reducing Maternal And Child Mortality In Balochistan: The Untapped Potential Of Family Planning, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq, Seemin Ashfaq Jan 2015

Reducing Maternal And Child Mortality In Balochistan: The Untapped Potential Of Family Planning, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq, Seemin Ashfaq

Reproductive Health

Family planning (FP) is recognized as a necessary tool for faster fertility decline leading to accelerated economic development. However, its unique and potent role in preserving mother and child health is less well understood. This brief explains why FP must be prioritized in Balochistan, Pakistan’s health strategy as a key intervention for reducing maternal, infant, and under-five mortality in the province. By fulfilling the existing unmet need for birth spacing and limiting, it is possible to prevent 41 percent of maternal deaths, 35 percent of infant deaths, and 74 percent of young child deaths. FP’s wider health benefits include reduced …

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Family Planning Vouchers To Improve Delivery And Uptake Of Contraception In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Benjamin Bellows, Ashish Bajracharya, Carol Bulaya, Sophie Inambwae Jan 2015

Family Planning Vouchers To Improve Delivery And Uptake Of Contraception In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Benjamin Bellows, Ashish Bajracharya, Carol Bulaya, Sophie Inambwae

Reproductive Health

Family planning vouchers have provided accessible and quality reproductive health services to the poor and have been critical to countries in making progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 5. Increased utilization of contraception allows for birth spacing, decreases unintended pregnancy, and results in healthier mothers and families. Strategies to improve utilization through targeted subsidies in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) have not been fully documented in a systematic review of the literature. This study report summarizes the effect of voucher systems for contraceptive services on socioeconomic and demographic indicators in LMICs. A systematic review of unpublished reports and published …

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Prospects For Economic Growth In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Under Alternative Demographic Scenarios: The Case For A Rapid Fertility Decline, David E. Bloom, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq Jan 2015

Prospects For Economic Growth In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Under Alternative Demographic Scenarios: The Case For A Rapid Fertility Decline, David E. Bloom, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq

Reproductive Health

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is currently undergoing a demographic transition from a situation of high fertility and high mortality to one of lower fertility and mortality. The resulting bulge in its working-age population means the province is poised to reap a “demographic dividend.” By 2050, KP’s per capita income will be 167 percent higher than today’s levels if there is no decline in fertility, but 412 percent higher if fertility declines rapidly. The scale and effectiveness of efforts to reduce fertility levels in KP will determine whether per capita income in the province grows by 316 percent or by 412 percent …

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