Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Inhibition Of Inos As A Novel Effective Targeted Therapy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Sergio Granados-Principal, Yi Liu, Maria L. Guevara, Elvin Blanco, Dong Soon Choi, Wei Qian, Tejal Patel, Angel A. Rodriguez, Joseph Cusimano, Heidi L. Weiss, Hong Zhao, Melissa D. Landis, Bhuvanesh Dave, Steven S. Gross, Jenny C. Chang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with no effective targeted therapy. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with poor survival in patients with breast cancer by increasing tumor aggressiveness. This work aimed to investigate the potential of iNOS inhibitors as a targeted therapy for TNBC. We hypothesized that inhibition of endogenous iNOS would decrease TNBC aggressiveness by reducing tumor initiation and metastasis through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing factors.

METHODS: iNOS protein levels were determined in 83 human TNBC tissues and correlated with clinical outcome. Proliferation, mammosphere-forming efficiency, migration, and EMT transcription factors …

Horror Vacui: Emptiness Might Distinguish Between Major Suicide Repeaters And Nonmajor Suicide Repeaters: A Pilot Study, Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla, Enrique Baca-Garcia, Philippe Courtet, Rebeca Garcia Nieto, Jose De Leon

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Women At Jeff: New Oral Histories Posted To The Jdc, Kelsey Duinkerken, Msi

Jefferson Digital Commons News

The Archives and Special Collections is posting oral history interviews with some of the first women to attend Jefferson. The interviews explore how each woman became interested in the sciences or medicine, their time at Jefferson Medical College, and where their careers took them after graduate school.

Antibiotics For Cancer Therapy., Richard Pestell, Albert A Rizvanov

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Health & Kinesiology News, Georgia Southern University

Health Sciences & Kinesiology: News & Publications (2015-2023)

• Concussion Research Team Delights at Day at the Capitol

An Epigenetic Map Of Age-Associated Autosomal Loci In Northern European Families At High Risk For The Metabolic Syndrome, Omar Ali, Diana Cerjak, Jack W. Kent, Roland James, John Blangero, Melanie A. Carless, Yi Zhang

School of Medicine Publications

Background: The prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease increases with age in all populations. Epigenetic features are hypothesized to play important roles in the pathophysiology of age-associated diseases, but a map of these markers is lacking. We searched for genome-wide age-associated methylation signatures in peripheral blood of individuals at high risks for MetS by profiling 485,000 CpG sites in 192 individuals of Northern European ancestry using the Illumina HM450 array. Subjects (ages 6-85 years) were part of seven extended families, and 73% of adults and 32% of children were overweight …

West Nile Virus, Sarene Smith, Preston Still

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

West Nile is a virus which means that West Nile is not a living organism and the only goal the virus has is to reproduce. The virus does this by taking over a host cell, attaching itself to the host cell and takes the cellular machinery needed to replicate itself. Once the virus is done and leaves, the host cell can also be used to infect other cells; therefore spreading the virus throughout the organism. (Campbell, Marfin, Lanciotti & Gubler, 2002).

Chagas Disease: “The Kiss Of Death”, Jessica Rogers, Stacy Castro

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Chagas disease is a vector transmitted disease also known as American trypanosomiasis. Chagas disease is classified as a protist or protozoa, which is a simplified version of ‘animal-like single celled organism that is like a multicellular organism’. This is because of the trypanosoma cruzi which is the protist itself (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012). This disease’s life cycle is complicated. The trypanosoma cruzi changes forms in its life cycle as it travels from hosts. The disease is first transmitted by the vector as it takes a blood meal. This is where the disease then takes over the cells near …

What Is Dysentery?, Rory Malek, Zach Hutchens

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Dysentery is a disease that affects the digestive system and has many grotesque symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting. Dysentery is considered more of a set of symptoms instead of an actual organism, but it is almost always caused by a bacterium.

Yellow Fever, Harrison Gibbs, Emma Ward

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Yellow Fever is a disease that is most common in Africa and South America that causes severe discomfort and has a high mortality rate, of the estimated over 200,000 cases of Yellow Fever, 30,000 cases end in death. Since it is so dangerous, it is important to know how to prevent and treat it if someone ever wanted to travel to either of those places. The disease is relatively easy to avoid, all someone really need to do is avoid mosquitoes either by wearing protective clothing or by avoiding high density mosquito areas. If one were get Yellow Fever, they …

H1n1 Influenza Virus, Kail Consford, Drew Patel

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

On April 17, 2009, two patients in the United States were found with Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) virus. This virus was spread to Mexico, Canada, and many other countries. From April 15 through May 5, a total of 642 confirmed cases of H1N1 infection were identified in 41 states. The ages of the patients were from 3 months to 81 years, and 60% of the patients were 18 or younger. Most of these patients recently came from either Mexico or even from school outbreaks. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and a sore throat. The H1N1 was determined to …

Lyme Disease, Marin Olson Beal

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

When asked to think of headlining diseases, many would choose bubonic plague, smallpox, Ebola, or leprosy. However, Lyme disease makes up for more confirmed diagnostic cases in the United States than all the aforementioned diseases combined. In 2014 alone, in the United States, 119 diagnostic cases were confirmed of bubonic plague, smallpox, Ebola, and leprosy altogether, while there were over 25,000 confirmed cases of Lyme disease (CDC, 2015). More information is needed to understand Lyme disease and how to treat it, before any more lives are lost.

Smallpox Infectious Disease, Miranda Allbee, Brandon Smith

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Smallpox is a disease similar to chicken pox, but not exactly the same. Smallpox is caused by a virus called Variola and is a member of the genus orthopoxvirus. The virus is a large brick shaped DNA virus. Smallpox spreads by direct, face to face contact with an infected person or by contact with infected body fluids or contaminated objects such as clothing. Smallpox is rarely spread through airborne transmission and is not known to be transmitted by animals or insects. The incubation period lasts from 7 to 17 days, during which infected individuals often show no symptoms and are …

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Reuben Ninan

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

The Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne infectious viral disease in the family Bunyaviridae. The disease was first characterized in the Crimea in 1944 and given the name Crimean hemorrhagic fever. CCHF was then later recognized in 1969 as the cause of illness in the Congo, thus resulting in the current name of the disease. CCHF causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks (CDC, 2014).

The Bubonic Plague, Matthew Morin, Ashton Westbrook

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

The bubonic plague is a very serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The plague is a zoonotic disease, which means it is usually transmitted to humans by animals. It is commonly transmitted through the bites of infected fleas or coming in direct contact with infected animal tissue (Schoenstadt, 2006). The bacterium can be found in fleas or small rodents such as chipmunks, squirrels, rats, or prairie dogs. The symptoms, including fever, chills, headache, and hemorrhages under the skin causing discoloration, are very harsh and unpleasant. This disease is infectious and extremely severe, and it is deadly if …

Typhoid Fever, Christian Nicholas

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Typhoid fever is a waterborne disease. There are a reported 16 million illnesses and 600,000 deaths annually (Crump, 2010). Most cases occur in developing countries; however, citizens of developed countries who visit developing ones are at risk of catching this disease (CDC, 2013). The disease is caused by Salmonella typhi, which infects the lymph nodes, necessary for immune response. Basic symptoms include a prolonged fever, interruptions in proper bowel function (constipation and diarrhea), severe cough, and in some cases, rose-colored spots on the patient. Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative bacteria that can only be carried by humans. There is also …

African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness), Pedro Garcia, Austin Burton

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

No abstract provided.

Dengue Fever, Ashley Hernandez, Chris Harkness

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

In recent years, the transmission of dengue fever has increased surprisingly fast and has become a major international public health concern. As of today this disease has mainly affected large countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in the certain areas. The amount of people that have got this infection has dramatically increase in recent decades. Over 40% of the world’s population are currently at risk of getting Dengue Fever. There is now an estimate of 50-100 million people that catch this disease every year (World Health Organization, 2002).

A Look Into Tuberculosis, Adrian Vega, Brennan Heath

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Tuberculosis is a Mycobacterium which is a genus classified in the phylum Actinobacteria. This genus is known to cause diseases in mammals. Tuberculosis' scientific name is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Robert Koch discovered pathogenic bacterial species discovered in 1882 by. M. tuberculosis has a waxy coating on the cell's surface which makes it unable to be Gram stained.(Brennan, 2003). Gram staining is a method to differentiate bacterial species into two groups. This bacterium is Gram-negative because the waxy coating will not absorb the stain. When M. tuberculosis is in the lungs it is engulfed by macrophages trying to eradicate the disease, but …

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebolavirus), Katie Mckee, Maria Hernandez

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Without treatment, the Ebola Virus (also known as hemorrhagic fever) has up to a 90% fatality rate. Understanding this disease could help save a person’s life, especially if that person has recently traveled to Africa.

Cholera Research Poster, James Sowards, Mac Duffield

Infectious Diseases Project 2015

Cholera kills 142,000 on average a year, each of these lives being equally important. In Haiti a huge outbreak of cholera occurred. So many people died it made the population unable to recover from such an epidemic. Cholera might not be as important to people that do not live near the area affected but it has changed the lives of many people around the world (WebMD LLC, 1994-2015).

Bilayer Button Graft For Endoscopic Repair Of High-Flow Cranial Base Defects, Chris Luminais, M. L. Otten, A. A. Farag, P. Soni, W. Mohiuddin, N. Ziegler, G. G. Nyquist, C. Farrell, M. R. Rosen, J. J. Evans

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Presentations and Grand Rounds

Closure of dural defects in trans-nasal, extended, endoscopic techniques remains a challenge, and published cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates are higher than rates for trans-cranial approaches. Development of a technique that used a vascularized, nasoseptal flap (NSF) significantly reduced the rate of CSF leak, and several groups have developed ways to buttress the NSF. A closure technique developed at our institution uses a bilayer “button” of fascia lata. The initial series of twenty patients repaired with this method from 2007 to July 1, 2009 were presented, with a CSF leak rate of 10% (Luginbuhl et al 2010).

Is 2015 The Primetime Year For Prehypertension? Prehypertension: A Cardiovascular Risk Factor Or Simply A Risk Marker?, Gabriel B. Habib, Salim S. Virani, Hani Jneid

Office of the Provost

No abstract provided.

Making Teeth To Order: Conserved Genes Reveal An Ancient Molecular Pattern In Paddlefish (Actinopterygii), Moya M. Smith, Zerina Johanson, Thomas Butts, Rolf Ericsson, Melinda Modrell, Frank Tulenko, Marcus C. Davis, Gareth J. Fraser

Faculty Articles

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are the dominant vertebrate group today (+30 000 species, predominantly teleosts), with great morphological diversity, including their dentitions. How dental morphological variation evolved is best addressed by considering a range of taxa across actinopterygian phylogeny; here we examine the dentition of Polyodon spathula (American paddlefish), assigned to the basal group Acipenseriformes. Although teeth are present and functional in young individuals of Polyodon, they are completely absent in adults. Our current understanding of developmental genes operating in the dentition is primarily restricted to teleosts; we show that shh and bmp4, as highly conserved epithelial and mesenchymal genes for …

Uv-Independent Induction Of Beta Defensin 3 In Neonatal Human Skin Explants, Erin M. Wolf Horrell, John A. D'Orazio

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

In order to determine the effect of UV radiation on β-defensin 3 (BD3) expression in human skin, freshly-isolated UV-naïve skin was obtained from newborn male infants undergoing planned circumcision. Skin explants sustained ex vivo dermis side down on RPMI media were exposed to 0.5 kJ/m² UVB, and biopsies were taken from the explant through 72 hours after radiation. mRNA expression was measured by qRTPCR and normalized to TATA-binding protein. BD3 expression at each time point was compared with an untreated control taken at time 0 within each skin sample. Extensive variability in both the timing and magnitude of BD3 …

Tumor Cell Targeting By Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Is Dominated By Different Factors In Vitro Versus In Vivo, Christian Ndong, Jennifer A. Tate, Warren C. Kett, Jaya Batra, Eugene Demidenko, Lionel D. Lewis, P. Jack Hoopes, Tillmann U. Gerngross, Karl E. Griswold

Dartmouth Scholarship

Realizing the full potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) for cancer diagnosis and therapy requires selective tumor cell accumulation. Here, we report a systematic analysis of two key determinants for IONP homing to human breast cancers: (i) particle size and (ii) active vs passive targeting. In vitro, molecular targeting to the HER2 receptor was the dominant factor driving cancer cell association. In contrast, size was found to be the key determinant of tumor accumulation in vivo, where molecular targeting increased tumor tissue concentrations for 30 nm but not 100 nm IONP. Similar to the in vitro results, PEGylation …

Guiding Our Master Of Public Health (Mph) Program: The Value Of A Community Advisory Board, Rob Simmons Drph,Mph,Mches,Cph

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Reflections And Projections: Prevention, Policy And Health, Drew Harris Dpm, Mph

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

12th Annual Interclerkship Day: Improving Patient Safety

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Refugee Resettlement In Philadelphia: Medical And Community Partnerships, Morgan Leafe Md

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.