Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (Aal)-Reactive Immunoglobulin G Rapidly Appears In Sera Of Animals Following Antigen Exposure., Songming Chen, Chen Lu, Hongbo Gu, Anand Mehta, Jianwei Li, Patrick B Romano, David Horn, D Craig Hooper, Carthene R Bazemore-Walker, Timothy Block

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

We have discovered an Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) that naturally occurs in the circulation of rabbits and mice, following immune responses induced by various foreign antigens. AAL can specifically bind to fucose moieties on glycoproteins. However, most serum IgGs are poorly bound by AAL unless they are denatured or treated with glycosidase. In this study, using an immunogen-independent AAL-antibody microarray assay that we developed, we detected AAL-reactive IgG in the sera of all animals that had been immunized 1-2 weeks previously with various immunogens with and without adjuvants and developed immunogen-specific responses. All of these animals subsequently …

Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (Aal)-Reactive Immunoglobulin G Rapidly Appears In Sera Of Animals Following Antigen Exposure., Songming Chen, Chen Lu, Hongbo Gu, Anand Mehta, Jianwei Li, Patrick B Romano, David Horn, D Craig Hooper, Carthene R Bazemore-Walker, Timothy Block

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

We have discovered an Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) that naturally occurs in the circulation of rabbits and mice, following immune responses induced by various foreign antigens. AAL can specifically bind to fucose moieties on glycoproteins. However, most serum IgGs are poorly bound by AAL unless they are denatured or treated with glycosidase. In this study, using an immunogen-independent AAL-antibody microarray assay that we developed, we detected AAL-reactive IgG in the sera of all animals that had been immunized 1-2 weeks previously with various immunogens with and without adjuvants and developed immunogen-specific responses. All of these animals subsequently …

Erk2 Phosphorylation Of Serine 77 Regulates Bmf Pro-Apoptotic Activity., Y Shao, A E Aplin

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) homology 3 (BH3)-only proteins represent a class of pro-apoptotic factors that neutralize pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins, and, in some cases, directly activate Bax. The mechanisms of control and the role of BH3-only proteins, such as Bcl-2 like protein 11 extra large and Bad are well studied. By contrast, relatively little is known about the regulation and role of Bcl-2 modifying factor (Bmf). The B-RAF oncogene is mutated in ∼8% of human tumors. We have previously shown that Bmf is upregulated at the transcript level and is required for apoptosis induced by targeting B-RAF signaling in tumor cells …

Infusing Disability Sport Into The Sport Management Curriculum, Deborah R. Shapiro, Brenda G. Pitts, Mary A. Hums, Jimmy Calloway

Faculty Articles

Disability sport is growing around the world with momentum and is described as a "movement" (Bailey, 2008; DePauw & Gavron, 2005). While there are more similarities than differences with sport management for able-bodied athletes and those with disabilities, there are additional needs and considerations for persons with disabilities (DePauw & Gavron, 2005). The noticeable visibility of individuals with disabilities in society, including sport, raises concerns about the degree to which sport management academic programs have modified their curricula to ensure that individuals working in the sport management field are prepared to deal with the uniqueness of disability sport. This paper …

The Role Of Epigenetics In Evolution: The Extended Synthesis, Aaron W. Schrey, Christina L. Richards, Victoria Meller, Vincent Sollars, Douglas M. Ruden

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Epigenetic Variation May Compensate For Decreased Genetic Variation With Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) On Two Continents, Aaron W. Schrey, Courtney A. C. Coon, Michael T. Grispo, Mohammed Awad, Titus Imboma, Earl D. Mccoy, Henry R. Mushinsky, Christina L. Richards, Lynn B. Martin

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

Epigenetic mechanisms impact several phenotypic traits and may be important for ecology and evolution. The introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus) exhibits extensive phenotypic variation among and within populations. We screened methylation in populations from Kenya and Florida to determine if methylation varied among populations, varied with introduction history (Kenyan invasion < 50 years old, Florida invasion ~150 years old), and could potentially compensate for decrease genetic variation with introductions. While recent literature has speculated on the importance of epigenetic effects for biological invasions, this is the first such study among wild vertebrates. Methylation was more frequent in Nairobi, and outlier loci suggest that populations may be differentiated. Methylation diversity was similar between populations, in spite of known lower genetic diversity in Nairobi, which suggests that epigenetic variation may compensate for decreased genetic diversity as a source of phenotypic variation during introduction. Our results suggest that methylation differences may be common among house sparrows, but research is needed to discern whether methylation impacts phenotypic variation.

Regulation Of Platelet Exoctosis And Its Role In Diseases, Rania A. Al Hawas

Theses and Dissertations--Health and Clinical Sciences

In addition to their role in hemostasis, platelets appear to contribute to vascular inflammatory diseases. Platelets achieve this through the secretion of various prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory molecules. Platelet secretion is mediated by integral membrane proteins called Soluble NSF Attachment protein REceptors (SNAREs). SNAREs come from both granule/vesicle membranes (v-SNAREs) and target membranes (t-SNAREs) to form a trans-bilayer complex that promotes membrane fusion and subsequent granule cargo release. The work described in this dissertation dissects various, yet related aspects of platelet secretion in both physiological relevant and pathological circumstances.

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in the westernized countries and …

Governance In Large Nonprofit Health Systems: Current Profile And Emerging Patterns, Lawrence Prybil, Samuel Levey, Rex Killian, David Fardo, Richard Chait, David R. Bardach, William Roach

Health Management and Policy Faculty Book Gallery

From the foreword:

Nonprofit healthcare organizations are not exempt from good governance. In fact, more today than ever, the hospitals and health care systems of this country must have the discipline and commitment to organize their governance structures and practices to provide forward-thinking leadership and stand up to scrutiny from any type of evaluation and review. As we move from “sick care” organizations to “health care” organizations with accountability for the health of the population of our communities from birth to end-of-life, the role of governance becomes even more critical.

Fourteen of the largest and most notable health care systems …

Ptsd And Substance Use Disorders Among Offenders: Examining The Effects Of Tbi, Gender And Interpersonal Violence Victimization, Monica E. Cornelius

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Offender populations have high rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) as well as violence, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The lack of screening and treatment of co-occurring disorders has been cited as a major barrier to treating SUDs in offenders. A significant proportion of the offender population has at least one co-occurring disorder with their substance use. Often co-occurring disorders are related to SUDs. Evidence suggests that interpersonal violence victimization (IPVV), TBI, and PTSD are related to SUD and that PTSD alone may also contribute to criminality. The specific aims of this research are to: …

A Retrospective Analysis Of Sustainability: Chcs That Were Part Of A Consortia When Federal Funding Ended, Latonya B. Dunlow

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Community health centers (CHCs) serve an important role in addressing gaps in access to care experienced by millions of Americans. There have been programs in the past developed to provide funding support to increase access to care. However, when funding ends some grantees are faced with program sustainability challenges. This study sought to identify factors and advice for sustainability of programs and services once funding ends. The findings of this study are consistent with the literature; however there were two qualities of leadership important to sustainability that were not as pronounced in the literature that were found in this study-perseverance …

Trends In Hospital Admissions For Myocardial Infarcts For Women In Arizona, Florida And Maryland In 2000 To 2010, Rebecca Farmer Mcintyre

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Coronary arterial disease is the leading cause of death and morbidity in developing countries. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has traditionally been considered a disease affecting mostly men, yet women are increasingly at risk due to obesity and diabetes. However, current trends in the AMI risk for women are not well understood. This study used archival data on hospital discharges from three states within the USA to examine the 10-year trend in presentations of patients to emergency rooms (ER) with a presenting diagnosis of chest pain and AMI, to document rate changes by gender over time. We observed a decreasing number …

Symptom Intrusiveness, Chronic Conditions And Health-Related Quality Of Life: Development Of Conceptual And Measurement Models, Jill Marie Monfre

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Background: The number of patients in the United States living with chronic conditions is increasing as patients are surviving conditions that were previously fatal. This increase in survival has resulted in a shift in the disease burden in the United States from infectious to chronic diseases. Many patients with chronic conditions experience associated symptoms that impact their health-related quality of life more significantly than those without associated symptoms. To enable patients to achieve what they determine to be an acceptable state of wellbeing, health care providers must first be aware of the factors and the relationships among the factors that …

Activation Of Protein Phosphatase 2c By Ceramide And Essential Role Of Acid Sphingomyelinase In Interleukin-6 Synthesis, David Mark Perry

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Since their discovery over a century ago, sphingolipids have riddled and fascinated the scientific community with benchmarks of progress including the identification of the enzymatic defects in the lysosomal storage diseases and the discovery of their involvement in cellular processes. Excluding sphingosine-1-phosphate with its associated G-protein coupled receptors, a staggering gap still persists in our understanding of the mechanisms related to the functions of the sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine. Moreover, in spite of the impressive amount of literature implicating ceramide in biological processes, precise and well-documented roles in biology for specific ceramide-producing enzymes are surprisingly rare. To further investigate the …

The Influence Of The Method Of Cerebral Protection During Neonatal Cardiac Surgery On The Development Of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Joseph J. Sistino

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Complex congenital heart disease is a common birth defect requiring surgery soon after birth. Surgery can use a complete interruption of cerebral blood flow (DHCA) or it can be performed using regional low flow perfusion (RLFP). Either approach places the neonate at risk for oxygen deprivation resulting in neurodevelopmental impairment and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). RLFP has been widely adopted but its effect on ADHD has not been elucidated. We extracted surgical records data and surveyed parents of 5-16 year old children who had neonatal surgery using DHCA or RLFP in 1995-2006 to determine the prevalence of ADHD after DHCA …

Relationship Between Physical Fitness Measures And Occupational Physical Ability In University Law Enforcement Officers, Annie Q. Beck

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Law enforcement on academic campuses can be a physically demanding profession. Law enforcement officers (LEOs) may be required to perform a variety of physical tasks. Identifying which physical fitness characteristics are associated with these tasks will guide the development of appropriate and effective exercise programs. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify physical fitness and demographic characteristics associated with the occupational physical ability of university LEOs. Sixteen male LEOs (age: 33.1±8.7 yr.; body mass: 87.2±11.2 kg; height: 178.9±7.9 cm) performed an officer physical ability test (OPAT) that simulated a foot chase of a suspect. In addition, the officers …

Designing The First Ever Health Insurance For The Poor In Pakistan - A Pilot Project, Rashid Jooma, Sabeena Jalal

Section of Neurosurgery

Several developing countries lack a medical insurance system with universal coverage, so access to medical services is not easy, principally for people living in poverty. One of the biggest issues for designing healthcare systems in developing countries is how to include those not formally employed. Therefore, it is important to implement targeted interventions so that the most in need are not left out. The World Health Report 2000 distinguishes four functions for the health system to fulfill: (i) the provision of health services; (ii) the creation of the necessary investment and training resources for health; (iii) health financing; and (iv) …

Childhood Unintentional Injuries: Need For A Community-Based Home Injury Risk Assessments In Pakistan., Adnan A. Hyder, Aruna Chandran, Uzma R. Khan, Nukhba Zia, Cheng-Ming Huang, Sarah Stewart De Ramirez, Junaid Razzak

Department of Emergency Medicine

Background. A substantial proportion of the annual 875,000 childhood unintentional injury deaths occur in the home. Very few printed tools are available in South Asia for disseminating home injury prevention information. Methods. Three tools were planned: an injury hazard assessment tool appropriate for a developing country setting, an educational pamphlet highlighting strategies for reducing home injury hazards, and an in-home safety tutorial program to be delivered by a trained community health worker. Results. The three tools were successfully developed. Two intervention neighborhoods in Karachi, Pakistan, were mapped. The tools were pretested in this local setting and are now ready for …

Violence Permeating Daily Life: A Qualitative Study Investigating Perspectives On Violence Among Women In Karachi, Pakistan, Tazeen S. Ali, Gunilla Krantz, Ingrid Mogren

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: This study explored how married women perceive situations which create family conflicts and lead to different forms of violence in urban Pakistan. In addition, it examines perceptions of consequences of violence, their adverse health effects, and how women resist violence within marital life.

Methods: Five focus group discussions were conducted with 28 women in Karachi. Purposive sampling, aiming for variety in age, employment status, education, and socioeconomic status, was employed. The focus group discussions were conducted in Urdu and translated into English. Manifest and latent content analysis were applied.

Results: One major theme emerged during the analysis, …

Ethnopharmacological Studies On Chrozophora Prostrata In Perspective Of Its Folkloric Reputation As Purgative, Usman Arshad, Khalid Hussain Janbaz, Samra Bashir, Najeeb-Ur- Rehman, Hassan Mehmood, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

This study was undertaken to validate the medicinal use of Chrozophora prostrata in constipation. The crude extract of C prostrata produced laxative effect in mice at 100 and 300 mg/kg, similar to carbachol and castor oil. In spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum tissues, C. prostrata (0.01-3 mg/mL) exhibited atropine-sensitive spasmogenic effect, which was reproducible in guinea-pig ileum. Interestingly, at high concentrations, C. prostrata showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on rabbit jejunum, suggesting the presence of accompanied spasmolytic activity. When tested on induced contractions, C. prostrata completely relaxed low K+-induced contraction, while partially inhibited high K+, similar to cromakalim. Tetraethylammonium pretreatment abolished the …

Anti-Inflammatory, Free Radical Scavenging And Calcium Antagonist Activities Of Corchorus Fascicularis Lam. Crude Extract, K . H . Janbaz, U . Zia, Hassan Mehmood, S . Bashir, M . I . Choudhary, A . H . Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Nitric Oxide Metabolites As Biomarkers For Influenza-Like Acute Respiratory Infections Presenting To The Emergency Room, Asad Mian, Federico R Laham, Andrea T Cruz, Harsha Garg, Charles G Macias, A. Chantal Caviness, Pedro A Piedra

Department of Emergency Medicine

Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) is increased in the respiratory tract in pulmonary infections. The aim was to determine whether nasal wash NO metabolites could serve as biomarkers of viral pathogen and disease severity in children with influenza-like illness (ILI) presenting to the emergency department (ED) during the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic.
Methods: Children ≤18 years old presenting to the ED with ILI were eligible. Nasal wash specimens were tested for NO metabolites, nitrate and nitrite, by HPLC and for respiratory viruses by real-time PCR.
Results: Eighty-nine patients with ILI were prospectively enrolled during Oct-Dec, 2009. In the …

A Novel Interaction Between 12-Lipoxygenase And Β4 Integrin Plays A Role In Cancer Progression, Sangeeta Joshi

Wayne State University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

"Still Here, Trying To Find My Way": Understanding The Experiences Of Hiv Disruption And Reorganization Among Older African Americans In Detroit, Andrea Nevedal

Wayne State University Dissertations

Adults aged fifty and older are the fastest growing age group with HIV/AIDS. Research on older adults with HIV has focused primarily on health status and physiological changes that occur as people age with HIV. However, little is known about the socio-cultural consequences that occur when older adults are diagnosed with HIV and as they age with HIV. Drawing from an anthropological approach to the life course and Becker's (1997) framework of life disruption, this dissertation research explored to what extent people experienced disruption from living with HIV and reorganized their lives after experiencing disruption.

The specific aims included identifying …

Ada News Convention Daily - 2012 Day 3, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

The ADA News Daily (also called the ADA News Convention Daily) is a special edition of the ADA News published each day during American Dental Association Annual Sessions.

Marps Sensitization: A Diversity Training Guide For Health Care Providers In Nigeria, Enhancing Nigeria's Hiv/Aids Response (Enr) Programme

HIV and AIDS

Men who have sex with men (MSM) present specific diagnostic and management challenges to counselors and health-care providers. High prevalence of HIV infection has been reported among MSM in Nigeria, driven partly by stigma, discrimination, lack of appropriate prevention strategies, limited research evidence, little recognition by policymakers, and inadequate knowledge and skills in dealing with MSM clients. In Nigeria, where homosexuality is illegal, the risk embodied in same-sex activities is high and makes hiding MSM activities almost a norm. Currently, health-care provider training materials that address most at-risk populations’ (MARPs) specific health needs are nonexistent in Nigeria. Knowledge of these …

Coping Styles In Patients With Anxiety And Depression, Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Haider Ali Naqvi, Abaseen Khan Afghan, Talha Khawar, Farooq Hasan Khan, Umber Zaheer Khan, Urooj Bakht Khuwaja, Jawad Kiani, Hadi Mohammad Khan

Department of Psychiatry

Different individuals use different coping styles to cope with their problems. In patients with anxiety and/or depression, these have important implications. The primary objective of our study was to estimate the frequency of different coping mechanisms used by patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted and patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression were identified using the Aga Khan University's Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS). Coping styles were determined by using the 28-item Brief COPE inventory. We were able to recruit 162 people. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was found to be 34%. …

Exploration Of Weight Gain In Female Breast Cancer Survivors, Mary Kay Johnson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Breast cancer is no longer a guaranteed death sentence. Many women today can look forward to a long and healthy life after treatment for breast cancer. However, weight gain is an ongoing, distressing and common problem for women treated for breast cancer. The primary purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the phenomena of weight gain in females treated for breast cancer. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a natural setting. Sample: Electronic medical records for 100 female breast cancer survivors who visited a private suburban medical oncology clinic for treatment and/or on-going follow-up for a breast …

The Health Impacts Of Nursing Shift Work, Amanda Maria Cason Shandor

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This descriptive pilot study was intended to evaluate negative outcomes of shift work stress in nursing. Objective analysis of waist-hip-circumference ratios (WHR) and subjective survey reports were utilized to assess whether differences existed in expressed stress, stress related health disorders, and stress associated behaviors among day shift, night shift, and rotating shift registered nurses (RNs). Statistical analysis of the WHRs indicates that no statistical difference exists in the results from this study across the three nursing shifts. Nonetheless, survey reports do suggest that variance exists between nursing shifts. For example, stress related health problems appear to be most prevalent with …

Dual Diagnosis Treatment Group Curriculum, Julie M. Wood

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The social workers at the MSH are treating many patients who have previous placements in chemical dependency treatment in addition to previous hospitalizations for their mental illness. Licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselors (LADC) are employed at the hospital but not on unit 800 which is the crisis and intake unit. The hospital does not have funds available in their budget to add additional LADC staff at the present time.

Having a treatment group focusing on dual diagnosis would enable the patients to receive education and therapy for their addiction issues much earlier in the course of their treatment at MSH. …

Effect Of Frontal Plane Foot Position On Lower Extremity Muscle Activation And Limb Positioning In A Single Leg Squat, Elizabeth J. Kornkven

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Purpose/Background: Foot positioning during a single leg landing may affect the muscles above the ankle joint and promote positions of increased vulnerability to ACL injury. The purpose of the study was to analyze muscle activity of six muscles in the lower extremity during completion of a single leg squat on the subject’s dominant leg with the subtalar joint in 5 different positions.

Methods: Seventeen healthy males and females (ages 18‐30) performed five single leg squats in five foot positions: neutral, five degrees and ten degrees of declination, and five degrees and ten degrees of inclination. Electromyography data was collected from …