Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Of The Effects Of School, Community And Individual Factors On Substance Use Among Girls In Rural Counties, Taniesa Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Substance use among adolescent girls in the United States is increasing. In some regions substance use by rural adolescent girls exceeds that of its urban and suburban counterparts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adequacy of constructs within Catalano, Hawkins, and the Social Development Research Group's (1996) social development model (SDM) as an empirical-based model pertaining to early adolescent girls' pathways to substance use by examining school, community, and individual risk and protective factors. Risk factors are defined as those traits, variables, or vulnerabilities that, if present for a particular individual, increase the likelihood of those individual …

Can The Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Srrs) Be Used As A Suicide Risk Scale? An Exploratory Study, Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla, David Delgado-Gomez, Teresa Legido-Gil, Jose De Leon, M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Enrique Baca-Garcia

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

The objective of this research was to examine whether the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale, a life event scale, can be used to identify suicide attempters. The Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale's ability to identify suicide attempters was tested in 1183 subjects (478 suicide attempters, 197 psychiatric inpatients, and 508 healthy controls) using the Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis and traditional psychometric methods. The Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis outperformed traditional psychometric approaches (area under the curve: 0.85 vs. 0.78; p < 0.05) and indicated that this scale may be used to identify suicide attempters. The life events that better characterized suicide attempters were change in frequency of arguments, marital separation, and personal injury. The Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale may help identify suicide attempters.

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 29, 2012, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 29, 2012 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Go Red for Women Symposium to Feature Three USA Physicians
• The Courage to Change
• USA Medical Student Benefits from Research Opportunities
• Reminder - Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society
• Senior Bowl Players Visit Patients at USA Children's &Women's Hospital
• USA Autism Interest Group to Host Autism Grand Rounds

Longitudinal Impact Of The Project Paths On Adolescent Risk Behavior: What Happened After Five Years?, Daniel T. L. Shek, Lu Yu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The present study investigated the longitudinal impact of the Project PATHS, a large-scale curriculum-based positive youth development program in Hong Kong, on the development of adolescents' risk behavior over a period of five years. Using a longitudinal randomized controlled design, eight waves of data were collected from 19 experimental schools in which students participated in the Project PATHS (N = 2,850 at Wave 8) and 24 control schools without joining the Project PATHS (N = 3,640 at Wave 8). At each wave, students responded to measures assessing their current risk behaviors, including delinquency, use of different types of drug, and …

To Strive Or To Chill? Seeking Balance In The Fight Against Huntington's Disease, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Mechanisms Of Fetal Programming In Hypertension., John E. Jones, Julie A. Jurgens, Sarah A. Evans, Riley C. Ennis, Van Anthony Villar, Pedro A. Jose

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Events that occur in the early fetal environment have been linked to long-term health and lifespan consequences in the adult. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which may occur as a result of nutrient insufficiency, exposure to hormones, or disruptions in placental structure or function, may induce the fetus to alter its developmental program in order to adapt to the new conditions. IUGR may result in a decrease in the expression of genes that are responsible for nephrogenesis as nutrients are rerouted to the development of more essential organs. Fetal survival under these conditions often results in low birth weight and a …

The Efficacy Of Exercise In Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis, Justin C. Brown, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, Linda S. Pescatello, Emily Moker, Jessica M. Lacroix, Blair T. Johnson

Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles

Introduction

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of exercise to reduce depressive symptoms among cancer survivors. In addition, we examined the extent to which exercise dose and clinical characteristics of cancer survivors influence the relationship between exercise and reductions in depressive symptoms.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search identifying randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions among adult cancer survivors, examining depressive symptoms as an outcome. We calculated effect sizes for each study and performed weighted multiple regression moderator analysis.

Results

We identified 40 exercise interventions including 2,929 cancer survivors. Diverse groups of cancer survivors were examined …

Today - January 27, 2012, Loma Linda University

TODAY

Inside this issue:

-- New program trains Haitians to heal their injured
-- Cameroon experience shapes nutrition students
-- Senior vice president for human resources named for Loma Linda University educational and health care entities
-- Lyndon Edwards appointed new vice president for LLUMC-East Campus
-- LLU alumnus receives Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
-- School of Public Health reenergizes its research strategy
-- Allied health staff spread holiday cheer through giving tree
-- Why giving back just makes sense to the Wiessemans
-- Innerweave: New beginnings
-- Pharmacy professor elected fellow of American Heart Association …

Predictors Of Survival In A Cohort Of Patients With Polymyositis And Dermatomyositis: Effect Of Corticosteroids, Methotrexate And Azathioprine, Elena Schiopu, Kristine Phillips, Paul M. Macdonald, Leslie J. Crofford, Emily C. Somers

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are rare diseases for which data regarding the natural history, response to therapies and factors affecting mortality are needed. We performed this study to examine the effects of treatment and clinical features on survival in polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients.

METHODS: A total of 160 consecutive patients (77 with polymyositis and 83 with dermatomyositis) seen at the University of Michigan from 1997 to 2003 were included. Medical records were abstracted for clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data, including initial steroid regimen and immunosuppressive use. State vital records were utilized to derive mortality and cause of death data. …

Cryo-Em Structure Of The Archaeal 50s Ribosomal Subunit In Complex With Initiation Factor 6 And Implications For Ribosome Evolution, Basil J. Greber, Daniel Boehringer, Vlatka Godinic-Mikulcic, Ana Crnkovic, Michael Ibba, Ivana Weygand-Durasevic, Nenad Ban

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Translation of mRNA into proteins by the ribosome is universally conserved in all cellular life. The composition and complexity of the translation machinery differ markedly between the three domains of life. Organisms from the domain Archaea show an intermediate level of complexity, sharing several additional components of the translation machinery with eukaryotes that are absent in bacteria. One of these translation factors is initiation factor 6 (IF6), which associates with the large ribosomal subunit. We have reconstructed the 50S ribosomal subunit from the archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus in complex with archaeal IF6 at 6.6 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (EM). The …

Influence Of Medical Journal Press Releases On The Quality Of Associated Newspaper Coverage: Retrospective Cohort Study, Lisa M. Schwartz, Steven Woloshin, Alice Andrews, Therese A. Stukel

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: To determine whether the quality of press releases issued by medical journals can influence the quality of associated newspaper stories.

Psychiatric Training: The Culture And Its Contradictions By T.M. Luhrmann, Carolyn Myers M.D.

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Y Chromosome Lineages In Men Of West African Descent, Jada Benn Torres, Menahem B. Doura, Shomarka O.Y. Keita, Rick A. Kittles

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

The early African experience in the Americas is marked by the transatlantic slave trade from ~1619 to 1850 and the rise of the plantation system. The origins of enslaved Africans were largely dependent on European preferences as well as the availability of potential laborers within Africa. Rice production was a key industry of many colonial South Carolina low country plantations. Accordingly, rice plantations owners within South Carolina often requested enslaved Africans from the so-called “Grain Coast” of western Africa (Senegal to Sierra Leone). Studies on the African origins of the enslaved within other regions of the Americas have been limited. …

Alternate Estrogen Receptors Promote Invasion Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells Via Non-Genomic Signaling, Kazufumi Ohshiro, Arnold M. Schwartz, Paul H. Levine, Rakesh Kumar

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Although Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and an aggressive type of locally advanced breast cancer with a generally worst prognosis, little work has been done in identifying the status of non-genomic signaling in the invasiveness of IBC. The present study was performed to explore the status of non-genomic signaling as affected by various estrogenic and anti-estrogenic agents in IBC cell lines SUM149 and SUM190. We have identified the presence of estrogen receptor α (ERα) variant, ERα36 in SUM149 and SUM190 cells. This variant as well as ERβ was present in a substantial concentration in IBC cells. The treatment …

Time Of Day Regulates Subcellular Trafficking, Tripartite Synaptic Localization, And Polyadenylation Of The Astrocytic Fabp7 Mrna, Jason R. Gerstner, William M. Vanderheyden, Timothy Lavaute, Cara J. Westmark, Labib Rouhana, Allan I. Pack, Marvin Wickens, Charles F. Landry

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The astrocyte brain fatty acid binding protein (Fabp7) has previously been shown to have a coordinated diurnal regulation of mRNA and protein throughout mouse brain, and an age-dependent decline in protein expression within synaptoneurosomal fractions. Mechanisms that control time-of-day changes in expression and trafficking Fabp7 to the perisynaptic process are not known. In this study, we confirmed an enrichment of Fabp7 mRNA and protein in the astrocytic perisynaptic compartment, and observed a diurnal change in the intracellular distribution of Fabp7 mRNA in molecular layers of hippocampus. Northern blotting revealed a coordinated time-of-day-dependent oscillation for the Fabp7 mRNA poly(A) tail throughout …

Counterpoint: The Insurance Institute For Highway Safety Study Actually Found Cities Using Red Light Cameras Had Higher Red Light Running Fatality Rates, Barbara Langland-Orban, Etienne E. Pracht, John T. Large

Florida Public Health Review

In February 2011, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) disseminated their research study that compared red light running traffic fatality rates between cities that implemented red light camera (RLC) programs with cities that did not. The IIHS researchers concluded cities that used RLCs had a significantly larger percentage reduction in both red light running (RLR) fatality rates and total fatality rates at signalized intersections. Because a previous IIHS study on RLCs was found to use flawed research methods, as well as to incorrectly report findings, the current IIHS RLC analysis is reviewed for adherence to scientific methods. Our review …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Post-Neonatal Mortality In Florida, Arlesia Mathis, Priscilla A. Barnes, Ramal Moonesinghe

Florida Public Health Review

This policy-related study examines primary care delivery methods in reducing population health disparities. We use post- neonatal mortality as an indicator ofpopulation health within counties to study the effects ofusing contracted service providers compared to direct provision of primary care by county health departments in improving health equity. We analyzed post- neonatal mortality data collected annually between 1997 and 2006 from ten ofFlorida’s most populous counties (>500,000). Using Poisson regression analyses with generalized estimating equations (GEE), we examined differences in post-neonatal mortality among racial and ethnic groups; and among counties and groups over time. The results show significant differences …

Systematic Review Of Peer Support For Breastfeeding Continuation: Metaregression Analysis Of The Effect Of Setting, Intensity, And Timing, Kate Jolly, Lucy Annang Ingram Phd, Khalid S. Khan, Jonathan J. Deeks, Nick Freemantle, Christine Macarthur

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of setting, intensity, and timing of peer support on breast feeding. DESIGN: Systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, the National Research Register, and British Nursing Index were searched from inception or from 1980 to 2011. Review methods Study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently and in duplicate. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for individual studies and pooled. Effects were estimated for studies grouped according to setting (high income countries, low or middle income countries, and the United Kingdom), intensity …

Enantioselective Synthesis Of (+) And (–)-2-[1-(2,6-Dichlorophenoxy)-Ethyl]-1,3-Diazacyclopent-2-Ene, Peter A. Crooks, Ashish Pramod Vartak

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Methods for the enantioselective synthesis of (+) and (−) lofexidine or 2-[1-(2,6)-dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl]-1,3-diazacyclopent-2-ene involve converting (+) or (−) 1-methyl-1-[2,6-dichlorophenoxy]ethanamide to an (+) or (−) imino-ether intermediate by electrophilic attack of the amide oxygen by a trimethoxonium ion and, without isolation, converting the (+) or (−) imino-ether intermediate to (+) or (−) 2-[1-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl]1,3-diazacyclopent-2-ene by adding ethylene diamine; and optionally converting the (+) or (−) 2-[1-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl]1,3-diazacyclopent-2-ene into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

A Spatial Cluster Analysis Of Tractor Overturns In Kentucky From 1960 To 2002, Daniel M. Saman, Henry P. Cole, Agricola Odoi, Melvin L. Myers, Daniel I. Carey, Susan C. Westneat

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Agricultural tractor overturns without rollover protective structures are the leading cause of farm fatalities in the United States. To our knowledge, no studies have incorporated the spatial scan statistic in identifying high-risk areas for tractor overturns. The aim of this study was to determine whether tractor overturns cluster in certain parts of Kentucky and identify factors associated with tractor overturns.

METHODS: A spatial statistical analysis using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic was performed to identify county clusters at greatest risk for tractor overturns. A regression analysis was then performed to identify factors associated with tractor overturns.

RESULTS: The spatial analysis …

Method For Screening For A Tobiano Coat Color Genotype, Ernest Bailey, Samantha A. Brooks

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

A method for screening for a Tobiano genotype includes obtaining a nucleic acid from an equine animal, and analyzing the nucleic acid for the presence of an inversion in a chromosome ECA3q which is indicative of the genotype for Tobiano. The method includes detecting at least one of a telomeric breakpoint of an inverted ECA3q chromosome and/or a centromeric breakpoint of an inverted ECA3q chromosome. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid may be analyzed by the steps of hybridizing the group of probes or primers having the sequences set forth herein in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO: 9, and …

Zwitterionic Chitosan Derivative, A New Biocompatible Pharmaceutical Excipient, Prevents Endotoxin-Mediated Cytokine Release, Gaurav Bajaj, William G. Van Alstine, Yoon Yeo

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

Chitosan is a cationic polymer of natural origin and has been widely explored as a pharmaceutical excipient for a broad range of biomedical applications. While generally considered safe and biocompatible, chitosan has the ability to induce inflammatory reactions, which varies with the physical and chemical properties. We hypothesized that the previously reported zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC) derivative had relatively low pro-inflammatory potential because of the aqueous solubility and reduced amine content. To test this, we compared various chitosans with different aqueous solubilities or primary amine contents with respect to the intraperitoneal (IP) biocompatibility and the propensity to induce proinflammatory cytokine production …

Research Brief: "Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Strategies Associated With Combat-Related Ptsd In Treatment-Seeking Oef–Oif Veterans", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This brief is about the coping strategies used by veterans with PTSD and how social support relates to those coping strategies. In practice and policy, psycho-educational interventions could decrease symptoms, as well as increasing belief in controlling life events; policymakers should provide support to veterans and their families. Suggestions for future research include looking at more representative samples, using other methods than self-reporting mechanisms, and analyzing how veterans with PTSD utilize social support networks.

Perceived Facilitators And Barriers To Physical Activity For Rural Youth: An Exploratory Study Using Photovoice, Saagar Walia, Beverly Liepert

Nursing Publications

Introduction: Decreasing physical activity levels, particularly among youth, continue to be a prominent health concern in Canada, and youth living in rural areas may encounter unique facilitators and barriers to physical activity. In addition, current research suggests that overweight and obesity rates are higher for youth in some rural areas compared with urban areas. The goal of this study was to identify the perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity for a selected sample of rural youth at a rural secondary school in south-western Ontario and examine how rural barriers and facilitators affect rural youth physical activity. Current Canadian literature …

Heavy Maternal Alcohol Consumption And Cerebral Palsy In The Offspring, Colleen M. O'Leary, Linda Watson, Heather D'Antoine, Fiona Stanley, Carol Bower

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association between heavy maternal alcohol consumption and pre- peri- and postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD The records of all mothers with an International Classification of Diseases, revision 9 or 10 (ICD-9 ⁄ -10) alcohol-related diagnostic code, indicating heavy alcohol consumption, recorded on population-based health, mental health, and drug and alcohol data sets from 1983 to 2007, and their children were identified through the Western Australian Data-linkage System. This ‘exposed’ cohort was frequency matched with mothers without an alcohol-related diagnosis and their offspring (comparison group). Cases of CP were identified …

Glenohumeral Tuberculous Arthritis Complicated With Beta Haemolytic Streptococcus: An Extraordinary Rare Association: A Case Report, Rizwan Haroon Rashid, Muhammad Usman Sarwar, Jaweed Akhter, Shahryar Noordin

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction: Septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint is a rare entity and its diagnosis is difficult with a superadded infection in the presence of underlying tuberculosis. We report the first case of group B beta haemolytic streptococcal glenohumeral arthritis with underlying tuberculosis.
Case Presentation: A 40 year old lady previously diagnosed to have poliomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis C, and diabetes mellitus for the last 10 years, presented to the emergency room with diabetic ketoacidosis. Two weeks prior to presentation she developed fever along with pain and swelling in left shoulder with uncontrolled blood sugars. Local examination of the shoulder revealed …

Advocacy Pays Off: Huntington’S Disease Stem-Cell Research Advances In California, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 22, 2012, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 22, 2012 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Mark Your Calendars - Upcoming Events
• USA Children's & Women's Hospital Hosts Community Luncheon
• USA Surgery to Host Greater Gulf Coast Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Symposium
• Renowned Surgeon to Speak at William A. L. Mitchell Endowed Lectureship
• Reminder: COM Faculty Assembly Meeting
• Get Smart with Stroke

Blunting The Legacy Of Alcohol Abuse In Western Australia, Tony Kirby

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.

Pressure-Overload-Induced Subcellular Relocalization/Oxidation Of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase In The Heart Modulates Enzyme Stimulation., Emily J Tsai, Yuchuan Liu, Norimichi Koitabashi, Djahida Bedja, Thomas Danner, Jean-Francois Jasmin, Michael P Lisanti, Andreas Friebe, Eiki Takimoto, David A Kass

Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

RATIONALE: Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) generates cyclic guanosine monophophate (cGMP) upon activation by nitric oxide (NO). Cardiac NO-sGC-cGMP signaling blunts cardiac stress responses, including pressure-overload-induced hypertrophy. The latter itself depresses signaling through this pathway by reducing NO generation and enhancing cGMP hydrolysis.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that the sGC response to NO also declines with pressure-overload stress and assessed the role of heme-oxidation and altered intracellular compartmentation of sGC as potential mechanisms.

METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6 mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) developed cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. NO-stimulated sGC activity was markedly depressed, whereas NO- and heme-independent sGC …