Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Playing In The Fourth Quarter Of Life As Huntington's Disease Looms, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Serial Analysis Of The Gut And Respiratory Microbiome In Cystic Fibrosis In Infancy: Interaction Between Intestinal And Respiratory Tracts And Impact Of Nutritional Exposures, J. C. Madan, D. C. Koestler, B. A. Stanton, L. Davidson, L. A. Moulton, M. L. Housman, J. H. Moore, M. F. Guill, H. G. Morrison, M. L. Sogin, T. H. Hampton, M. R. Karagas, P. E. Palumbo, J. A. Foster, P. L. Hibberd, G. A. O’Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pulmonary damage caused by chronic colonization of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung by microbial communities is the proximal cause of respiratory failure. While there has been an effort to document the microbiome of the CF lung in pediatric and adult patients, little is known regarding the developing microflora in infants. We examined the respiratory and intestinal microbiota development in infants with CF from birth to 21 months. Distinct genera dominated in the gut compared to those in the respiratory tract, yet some bacteria overlapped, demonstrating a core microbiota dominated by Veillonella and Streptococcus. Bacterial diversity increased significantly over time, …

Role Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Experimental Colitis, Shakir Alsharari

Theses and Dissertations

Substantial evidence in the literature shows that tobacco smoking has complex and divergent effects on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It ameliorates ulcerative colitis (UC); whereas it aggravates the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) and affects the disease course and severity. Studies have shown that nicotine has a positive influence on symptoms of UC. Also, it is demonstrated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, especially α7 subunit plays an essential component in the vagus nerve-based cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we explored the effect of nicotine and α7 nicotinic agonists treatment in the DSS colitis mouse model. We also investigated the …

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Dr. Talar Markossian named Exceptional Reviewer

Ada News - 08/20/2012, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Coronary Artery Remodeling In A Model Of Left Ventricular Pressure Overload Is Influenced By Platelets And Inflammatory Cells, Fanmuyi Yang, Anping Dong, Paul Mueller, Jessica Caicedo, Alyssa Moore Sutton, Juliana Odetunde, Cordelia J. Barrick, Yuri M. Klyachkin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Susan S. Smyth

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is usually accompanied by intensive interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, which may contribute to arrhythmogenic sudden cardiac death. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac fibrosis are incompletely understood. To investigate the role of perivascular inflammation in coronary artery remodeling and cardiac fibrosis during hypertrophic ventricular remodeling, we used a well-established mouse model of LVH (transverse aortic constriction [TAC]). Three days after pressure overload, macrophages and T lymphocytes accumulated around and along left coronary arteries in association with luminal platelet deposition. Consistent with these histological findings, cardiac expression of IL-10 was upregulated and in the systemic circulation, …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - August 19, 2012, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the August 19, 2012 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Reminder: Healthy U-S-A Fair to be Held Friday
• First Distinguished Scientist Seminar of Academic Year Follows New Format
• 'Crib Notes Connect' - Text Messaging Service Helps Parents Connect With Newborns in NICU
• Mark Your Calendar: 5th Annual GO RUN for Women's Cancer

Choreography And Performance With Deaf Adults Who Have Mental Illness: Culturally Affirmative Participatory Research, Sondra H. Malling

Creative Arts Therapies Theses

Dance/movement therapy (DMT) techniques—particularly choreography and performance techniques—have not been well-researched with Deaf adults who have mental illness. This study investigated the use of DMT, choreography, and performance techniques with Deaf adults with severe and chronic mental illness through participatory artistic inquiry. Primary research questions addressed pragmatic matters of participatory artistic inquiry: What aesthetic choices will the co-researchers make in the dance-making process? How does the researcher provide structure and incorporate her experience as a choreographer without overshadowing the contributions of the co-researchers? Broader philosophical research questions included: How do choreography and performance techniques impact this population’s well-being? How does …

Research Brief: "Do Normative Perceptions Of Drinking Relate To Alcohol Use In U.S. Military Veterans Presenting To Primary Care?", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This brief is about the relation between perceptions of veterans' use of alcohol and their actual consumption and dependence upon alcohol. In policy and practice, health professionals should offer resources to veterans for alcohol misuse, such as interventions, and the VHA should continue its alcohol misuse screening. Policymakers should work with healthcare providers to create alcohol misuse screenings for veterans. Suggestions for future research include studying the sample over time, studying a broader and more representative sample, and studying the effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions across different groups within the population.

Coombs, Samuel Williams, 1830-1882 (Sc 2602), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 2602. Bound photocopy of the holographic personal diary of Samuel Williams Coombs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, detailing medical school, and his day-to-day life.

Evaluation Of An Internet–Short Message Service–Based Intervention For Promoting Physical Activity In Hong Kong Chinese Adolescent School Children: A Pilot Study, Erica Y. Lau, Patrick W. C. Lau, Pak-Kwong Chung, Lynda B. Ransdell, Edward Archer

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Evaluation of acceptability and preliminary efficacy of an Internet and short message service (SMS) intervention for promoting physical activity (PA) in Hong Kong Chinese school children. An 8-week quasi-experimental study non-randomly assigned 78 school children (mean age=12.8 years) to (a) an intervention group that received a stage-matched, Internet PA program two times a week and tailored SMS messages daily; or (b) a no-treatment control. Data were collected from September 2008 until June 2009. Acceptability measures included exposure rate and participant's satisfaction. Efficacy measures were changes in stage of motivational readiness (SMR) and self-reported PA level. Intervention participants demonstrated significant pre-post …

Evaluation Of The Clinical Integration Model For Hospital Care Delivery, Cheryl Mckay

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Two studies were used to evaluate whether introduction of the Clinical Integration Model (CIM) would decrease cost, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in two populations: a psychiatric in-patient population and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Objectives: 1. Evaluate reliability and validity of a process tool, the CareGraph, essential in the CIM. 2. Determine if there is a difference for LOS and cost between patients receiving care in the CIM and those receiving care in a traditional primary care delivery model in a psychiatric population; compare the same parameters as well as survival in the CHF population. Methods: Reliability …

Influence Of Electrostatic Charge Upon The Deposition Behavior Of Pharmaceutical Aerosols Within Cascade Impactors, Megha Mohan

Theses and Dissertations

Cascade impactors, routinely used for in vitro particle size characterization of pharmaceutical aerosols, are calibrated using dilute, charge-neutralized, monodisperse aerosols. But pharmaceutical aerosols are known to generate concentrated, inherently charged, polydisperse aerosol clouds. A computational model of the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) suggested that the presence of charge on aerosol particles may influence their deposition within the ACI, but experimental validation of the model is warranted. This dissertation investigates the influence of electrostatic charge upon the deposition behavior of aerosols within cascade impactors, to address the impact of charge on particle size characterization. The influence of applied charge upon the …

Attentive And Pre-Attentive Processes In Change Detection And Identification, Howard C. Hughes, Gideon Paul Caplovitz, Rebecca A. Loucks, Robert Fendrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

In studies of change blindness, observers often have the phenomenological impression that the blindness is overcome all at once, so that change detection, localization and identification apparently occur together. Three experiments are described that explore dissociations between these processes using a discrete trial procedure in which 2 visual frames are presented sequentially with no intervening inter-frame-interval. The results reveal that change detection and localization are essentially perfect under these conditions regardless of the number of elements in the display, which is consistent with the idea that change detection and localization are mediated by pre-attentive parallel processes. In contrast, identification accuracy …

Prescriptions For Excellence In Health Care Summer 2012 Download Full Pdf

Prescriptions for Excellence in Health Care Newsletter Supplement

No abstract provided.

What Can Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tell Us About Ventilation?, Brett A Simon, David W Kaczka, Alexander A Bankier, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

This review provides a summary of pulmonary functional imaging approaches for determining pulmonary ventilation, with a specific focus on multi-detector x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We provide the important functional definitions of pulmonary ventilation typically used in medicine and physiology and discuss the fact that some of the imaging literature describes gas distribution abnormalities in pulmonary disease that may or may not be related to the physiological definition or clinical interpretation of ventilation. We also review the current state-of-the-field in terms of the key physiological questions yet unanswered related to ventilation and gas distribution in lung disease. …

Psychophysical And Neural Evidence For Emotion-Enhanced Perceptual Vividness, Rebecca M. Todd, Deborah Talmi, Taylor W. Schmitz, Josh Susskind, Adam K. Anderson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Highly emotional events are associated with vivid "flashbulb" memories. Here we examine whether the flashbulb metaphor characterizes a previously unknown emotion-enhanced vividness (EEV) during initial perceptual experience. Using a magnitude estimation procedure, human observers estimated the relative magnitude of visual noise overlaid on scenes. After controlling for computational metrics of objective visual salience, emotional salience was associated with decreased noise, or heightened perceptual vividness, demonstrating EEV, which predicted later memory vividness. Event-related potentials revealed a posterior P2 component at ~200 ms that was associated with both increased emotional salience and decreased objective noise levels, consistent with EEV. Blood oxygenation level-dependent …

How To Formulate A Clinical Question And Effectively Search For The Answer, Neha Shah, Susan Keller

E-Learning Modules

This small group, case-based exercise is geared towards medical students on their pediatric clerkship. The goal of this session is to teach students how to re-frame their clinical questions into a format that allows for more effective and efficient searching of the literature.

I provide this session once a month as a part of the Third-year medical student core lecture series during their inpatient pediatrics rotation. My co-facilitator is a medical librarian. We initially used a lecture format in which we reviewed use of advanced PubMed features with very little interaction from the learners. Based on feedback and evaluations, we …

Court-Upheld Health Coverage Is Necessity For Young Patients, Lisa Barkley

UCF Forum

The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding health care coverage established in the Affordable Care Act caused me to reflect on the impact this law has on the patients I serve.

Polygenic Threshold Model With Sex Dimorphism In Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Carter Effect, Lisa M. Kruse, Jillian G. Buchan, Christina A. Gurnett, Matthew B. Dobbs

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Role Of Therapeutic Devices In Enhancing Speech Intelligibility And Vocal Intensity In An Individual With Parkinson’S Disease, Swetha Swaminathan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The prevailing speech therapy techniques for treating hypokinetic dysarthria in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) yields improvements within the clinical setting, however, maintenance and generalization of acquired behaviors continue to be a challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of portable therapeutic devices including Ambulatory Phonation Monitor with biofeedback (APM) and auditory masker in maintenance and carryover of improved speech. Our participant was an individual diagnosed with PD for the past 25 years who continued to display speech disturbances despite undergoing several behavioral speech therapy programs and neurosurgical procedures. Speech intelligibility and average intensity measures under …

Rapid Detection Of Streptococcus Mutans In Saliva, Catherine E. Holtman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Documentation exists that mothers can pass the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans to their infants. The newest technology to identify Streptococcus mutans is a rapid detection saliva test. Two hundred patients above the age of 18 were targeted using random selection in a Louisville, Kentucky dental office. Patients signed an informed consent form and were given a qualifying questionnaire. Patients received 2 bitewing x-rays and a charted DMFT index and were administered the saliva test. While the null hypothesis was rejected using the chi square test, the results were inconclusive due to expected values. However, other chi square results revealed that …

Il-1Β Amplification Of Nitric Oxide Production And Its Inhibitory Effects On Glucose Induced Early Growth Response-1 Expression In Ins-1 Cells, Ada Young

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pathophysiology of cytokines released by infiltrating white blood cells upon pancreatic beta cells is not fully understood. Early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) expression is specifically and transiently up regulated in pancreatic beta cells in response to glucose. We hypothesized that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1▀) induction of nitric oxide alters glucose induced Egr-1 transcription levels. Egr-1 levels were assessed via western blot, nitric oxide was measured with a Griess Reagent kit and insulin levels via ELISA. Glucose induced both insulin and Egr-1 production in INS-1 cells. IL-1▀ dose dependently increased nitric oxide production over time and significantly attenuated glucose induced Egr-1 …

August 14, 2012, Communication Disorders & Sciences

Faculty Meeting Minutes & Agendas

Meeting minutes of the August 14, 2012 Faculty Committee meeting.

Virus-Producing Cells Determine The Host Protein Profiles Of Hiv-1 Virion Cores, Steven Santos, Yuri Obukhov, Sergei Nekhai, Michael Bukrinsky, Sergey Iordanskiy

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Upon HIV entry into target cells, viral cores are released and rearranged into reverse transcription complexes (RTCs), which support reverse transcription and also protect and transport viral cDNA to the site of integration. RTCs are composed of viral and cellular proteins that originate from both target and producer cells, the latter entering the target cell within the viral core. However, the proteome of HIV-1 viral cores in the context of the type of producer cells has not yet been characterized.

Results

We examined the proteomic profiles of the cores purified from HIV-1 NL4-3 virions assembled in Sup-T1 cells (T …

Psychosocial Vulnerabilities To Depression After Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Pivotal Role Of Rumination In Predicting And Maintaining Depression, Ellen-Ge Denton, Nina Rieckmann, Karina W. Davidson, William F. Chaplin

Publications and Research

Psychosocial vulnerabilities may predispose individuals to develop depression after a significant life stressor, such as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).The aims are (1) to examine the interrelations among vulnerabilities, and their relation with changes in depressive symptoms 3 months after ACS, (2) to prospectively assess whether rumination interacts with other vulnerabilities as a predictor of later depressive symptoms, and (3) to examine how these relations differ between post-ACS patients who meet diagnostic criteria for depression at baseline versus patients who do not. Within 1week after hospitalization for ACS, and again after 3 months, 387 patients (41% female, 79.6% white, mean …

Owner/Operator Hauling Asphalt Flux Dies After Driving Into A Ravine And Striking Trees, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the early morning of a late summer’s day, a 50 year old semi-truck driver was transporting a load of asphalt flux. He had been driving for approximately five hours and was getting ready to exit the interstate when for an unknown reason, the unit left the interstate, sideswiped a SUV parked on the shoulder, drove through a guardrail then proceeded into a ravine. A passing motorist called emergency services, who upon their arrival contacted the local coroner. The driver had been ejected from the cab and was pronounced dead at the scene.

To prevent future occurrences of similar incidents, …

Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Lana Acts On Terminal Repeat Dna To Mediate Episome Persistence, Aline C. Habison, Chantal Beauchemin, J. Pedro Simas, Edward J. Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) ORF73 (mLANA) has sequence homology to Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). LANA acts on the KSHV terminal repeat (TR) elements to mediate KSHV episome maintenance. Disruption of mLANA expression severely reduces the ability of MHV68 to establish latent infection in mice, consistent with the possibility that mLANA mediates episome persistence. Here we assess the roles of mLANA and MHV68 TR (mTR) elements in episome persistence. mTR-associated DNA persisted as an episome in latently MHV68-infected tumor cells, demonstrating that the mTR elements can serve as a cis-acting element for MHV68 episome maintenance. In some …

The Physician Assistant Profession: A Handbook For Students, Jami L. Cynecki

Honors Theses

This document extensively covers the physician assistant career and can be used as a handbook for students who are interested in learning more about the career. This thesis explores the question, what is the process of becoming a physician assistant? More specifically, I will cover the progression from a student to a fully licensed PA. Topics that are discussed include: how to prepare for a career as a PA (including the pathway to being admitted to an accredited program), the training received in an accredited program and information on certification maintenance required as a licensed physician assistant Furthermore, this document …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - August 12, 2012, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the August 12, 2012 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Healthy U-S-A Fair to be Held August 24th
• Dr. Molokhia Featured in Press-Register
• Save the Date: Autism Grand Rounds
• Med School Café - Expert Advice for the Community