Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mental Health Problem Of Older Persons In Ban Bang Khae Social Welfare Development Center For Older Persons, P Kochsiripong, S. Suppapitiporn

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : To determine the prevalence of mental health problem and factors associated with mental health problems of the elderly at Ban Bang Khae Social Welfare Development Center for Older Persons. Design : Cross-sectional descriptive study Setting : Ban Bang Khae Social Welfare Development Center for Older Persons Materials and Method : Ninety-nine subjects who stay in Ban Bang Khae Social Welfare Development Center for Older Persons since August 2010 to October 2010 were recruited. The instruments consisted of demographic data questionnaires, Thai General Health Questionnaire-28 and The Self-Esteem scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, Multiple Logistic Regression …

Attitudes In Healthcare Students Towards Mental Illness - A Pre- And Post Multicenter University Program Survey, Amanda Lundvik Gyllensten, Bengt Sevensson, Tommy Bjorkman, Lars Hansson, Christel Leufstadius, Ulrika Bejerholm, Urban Markstrom, Margareta Ostman, Mona Eklund, David Brunt, Mikael Sandlund

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of naturalistic educational interventions on attitudes towards persons with mental illness. Methods: In a pre-post test design, 456 students in vocational University programmes to become nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and public health workers were studied after a course in mental illness, using questionnaires focusing on familiarity with mental illness and attitudes towards the mentally ill in general and towards schizophrenia in particular. Results: The results revealed a significant improvement for the total group in their being afraid of people with mental illness in general and being more …

Review Of: Rehabilitation Research Principles And Applications, 4th Edition, Antonia Christian

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Fatigue On The Balance Error Scoring System For Concussion Testing In Healthy And Previous Concussed Participants, Jason M. Graham

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

There has been a recent increase in the attention of concussions in the media and research world. One of the major factors that contribute to injuries including concussion is fatigue. This study has been designed to allow athletic trainers to decipher whether a potential balance insufficiency in an acutely concussed athlete is due to fatigue or the side affects of the concussion on postural stability. The study examined 30 college-aged athletes from a multitude of sports who had either sustained a concussion or never had a concussion. Participants were randomly grouped into one of three groups: non-concussed control group, non-concussed …

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Promoting Osseointegration Around Dental Implants In Heavy Smokers, Fardos N. Rizk, Nasser Shaheen

Dentistry

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on osseointegration of implants supporting mandibular overdenture in heavy smokers. Materials and Methods: Following two stage surgical protocol twelve completely edentulous male heavy smokers received implants placed bilaterally in the canine region to support mandibular overdenture. On the second day after the surgery patients were divided randomly into two equal groups. Patients of group I were placed on a protocol of five consecutive sessions of HBO therapy, while patients of group II received no therapy and served as control. Four months following the surgery …

The Referral Process: Rural Primary Care Physicians' Perspectives On Providing Counseling Referrals, Casey N. Tallent

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The advantages to collaborative care between physicians and mental health care providers have been known for many decades. Rural primary care physicians (RPCPs) are the first professionals that most patients contact when they have a mental health concern, particularly in rural communities. It is therefore important to understand the process that occurs when a referral for counseling is made from a RPCP and the subsequent collaboration that occurs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to generate a model that provides a better understanding of the counseling referral process from the perspective of RPCPs in private practice in the Midwest. …

A Pilot Study To Assess The Readiness And Barriers As Correlates To Participation In Rural Worksite Health Promotion Programming, Kayte L. Tranel

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

An increased risk of lifestyle-related conditions (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer) is associated with overweight and obesity, which affect approximately two in three American adults (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). Worksite health promotion programming (WHPP) may be effective for reducing disease risk. Reaching adults in the worksite seems logical considering most spend approximately 40 hours each week in that setting. WHPP is linked to improved effectiveness for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, but often struggles with low participation and high attrition rates. Research regarding barriers to WHPP and physical activity is available, …

When Knowing Just Isn't Enough: Examining The Role Of Moral Emotions In Health Decision Making Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Kate Duangdao

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A proposed integrated Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model aimed to examine the role of moral emotions and two health outcomes: prosocial behaviors and smoking outcomes. Based on Tangney’s work with shame and guilt-proneness, it was expected that those more prone to guilt would engage in more prosocial behaviors and those more prone to shame would engage in more smoking behaviors. Prosocial behaviors were found to be negatively associated with smoking outcomes. However, results suggested that guilt and shame-proneness seem to function similarly in predicting behavioral outcomes. Components within the TPB were generally positively correlated with each health outcome, however …

Exploratory Analyses Of A Developmental Conceptualization Of Insight And Treatment Outcomes Of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness In Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Ashley R. Wynne

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of the present study was to further examine the relationship between adolescent psychiatric pathology and SMI by assessing the relationship between prior mental health services before the age of 18 and time of assessment on people’s insight into their illnesses. A secondary relationship between adolescent psychiatric pathology and functioning in a variety of domains before, during, and after treatment was assessed. Overall, there was an inconsistent pattern of results and partial support of hypotheses. The current study was a retrospective longitudinal study in which assessments were given to 308 participants in an inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation unit every 6 …

Why Confronting Sexism Works: Applying Persuasion Theories To Confronting Sexism, Amy Hillard

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Speaking up about or confronting prejudice creates more positive attitudes, but the mechanism underlying confrontation’s prejudice reducing effect remains unclear. Based on an integration of the confronting prejudice and persuasion literatures, I expected that observing a confrontation (vs. no confrontation) reduces prejudice and discrimination; that elaborating on confrontation messages reduces prejudice and discrimination more than confrontation alone; and that elaborating on confrontation messages causes attitude change that lasts longer than confrontation alone. Participants were recruited to complete measures of sexism and feelings toward subtypes of women across three time points (i.e., pre-test, lab manipulation, and post-test). During the lab manipulation, …

Intervention To Increase Knowledge And Consumption Of Folate-Rich Foods Based On The Health Belief Model, Lindsay M. Labrosse

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Folate is important in the prevention of birth defects and in the maintenance of general health. Even after mandatory fortification, many people are still not consuming the RDA of 400 mcg/day. Consuming a diet rich in naturally high-folate foods, as opposed to supplementation, may offer additional health benefits and promote an overall healthy diet.

The purpose of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis that a learner-centered educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) will successfully increase knowledge and consumption of folate-rich foods, while increasing positive beliefs about folate and health. A two group parallel control trial …

Farm To School: A Case Study Of Four Rural Nebraska Schools Before Initiating Locally Grown Foods In School Food Service, Morgan Swisher

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

More than 25% of children in the U.S. are overweight. Farm to School is a program that encourages schools to procure local produce and nutrition education in an effort to improve childhood nutrition. A case study involving four schools has examined the attitudes of food service managers, food service staff members, and educators who are about to incorporate this program into their schools. Food service managers were interviewed about the foods they intend to purchase, food safety, menu planning, expected costs and receiving, additional training, and staff interest. From the qualitative study, the following themes were found: “More work for …

Correlation Of Computed Tomographic Findings In Blunt Liver Trauma With Treatments And Outcomes At King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, N Prabnutchawong, L Vajragupta, N. Tanpowpong

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : This study is aimed to correlate the grading of blunt liver injury in patients who received computed tomography (CT) imaging to their treatments and outcomes at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH). Design : Descriptive study. Setting : Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Materials and Methods : One hundred and thirty-five patients with blunt abdominal injuries who underwent contrast enhanced abdominal CT scan before their treatments were recruited for review. Classifications according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) were used. The CT gradings was correlated to the surgical …

Anxiety About Job Application In Senior Undergraduate Students, P Ua-Ariyapanichkul, C. Nimnuan

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study is to explore the level of anxiety and its associated factors regarding job application in senior undergraduate students of Chulalongkorn University. Materials and Methods : Four hundred senior undergraduate students who are searching for jobs after graduation, not in pursuit of a Master Degree or those who already have reserved work. The research instruments were, namely: a demographic questionnaire, and a questionnaire on anxiety about job application. Results : The results showed mean and SD regarding the anxiety about job application score were 58.9 and 12.96 respectively. The possible score range …

Interests In Medical Specialties, Personalities And Correlated Factors In Choosing Future Training Of Sixth Year Medical Students, Faculty Of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, T Kaewyod, B. Kanchanatawan

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Medical specialties are expertise in the fields of medicine that cause public expectations and better quality of life of the patients. However, training in each field of medical specialty is an odyssey. Success in the practice of a specialist depends on several factors such as interest in the field of specialty, personality and psychological background of the trainee. Objective : To study interest in medical specialties personalities and correlated factors in choosing future training of the sixth year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. Design : A cross – sectional descriptive study. Setting : The …

Prenatal Smoking And Drinking Implications For Subsequent Child Maltreatment, Nicholas Alexander Adams

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Prenatal smoking and drinking are very serious problems that have continued to plague society. They have multiple negative effects on the child both physically and cognitively. This study explored the relationship between prenatal abuse, i.e., prenatal smoking and prenatal drinking, and subsequent child physical abuse and official reports of child maltreatment. It was hypothesized that mothers who smoked or drank prenatally would be more likely to physically abuse their child postnatally and have official reports of child maltreatment. The sample included women participating in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. N = 620 women who answered …

Plantar Pressure Distribution Differences In Physically Active Individuals With And Without Functional Ankle Instability During A Side Cut, J'Nai Pittman

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Context: Functional ankle instability (FAI) is a popular condition in the physically active population. There is a surplus of evidence to demonstrate how FAI decreases proprioception, balance, and overall athletic performance. However, to date there is no evidence that demonstrates how F AI correlates to alterations in plantar pressure distribution differences in a physically active population while completing athletic tasks. Objective: To assess differences in plantar pressure distributions while completing a side cut in individuals with and without FAI. Design: Observational case-control. Setting: Outdoor field turf and research laboratory. Participants: Fifty ankles from physically active individuals (FAI: age= 21.47±3.02 yrs; …

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 And Transforming Growth Factor-Β Stimulate Cystine/Glutamate Exchange Activity In Dental Pulp Cells, Katherine Pauly, Kymberly Fritz, Alyssa Furey, Doug Lobner

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction

The growth factors insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are protective to dental pulp cells in culture against the toxicity of the composite materials Durafill VS and Flow Line (Henry Schein Inc, New York, NY). Because the toxicity of these materials is mediated by oxidative stress, it seemed possible that the protective effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β were through the enhancement of an endogenous antioxidant mechanism.

Methods

We used cultured dental pulp cells to determine the mechanism of the protective effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β, focusing on the glutathione system and the role of cystine/glutamate exchange …

Serotonin Mediated Changes In Corticotropin Releasing Factor Mrna Expression And Feeding Behavior Isolated To The Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nuclei, Joanne P. Boisvert, Tyler J. Boschuetz, Jon M. Resch, Christopher R. Mueller, Sujean Choi

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Fenfluramine reduces hunger and promotes body weight loss by increasing central serotonin (5-HT) signaling. More recently, neuropeptides have been linked to the regulation of feeding behavior, metabolism and body weight. To examine possible interactions between 5-HT and neuropeptides in appetite control, fenfluramine (200 nmol/0.5 μl/side) was administered directly into the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of male rats. Bilateral fenfluramine produced significant hypophagia and increased expression of PVN corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mRNA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the arcuate nucleus within the first hour after drug administration. Fenfluramine's effects on feeding behavior and mRNA expression were blocked by PVN …

Ocd As A Dynamical Disease And The Familial Context Of Ritual Rigidity: A Nonlinear Dynamics Perspective, Robert W. Bond

Dissertations (1934 -)

Comparatively few studies of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have addressed the interpersonal dynamical patterns within families that could exacerbate or quell symptom severity in the ill relatives or hypothesize other roles for familial variables. Furthermore, the extant studies have relied primarily upon linear models. Methodological limitations of linear models, such as assuming that change occurs as the result of unidirectional influences and that the scores obtained for each variable are independent of each other are at variance with temporal, dynamic phenomena and have restricted the empirical investigations of the dynamics of OCD.

The current study investigated whether OCD could be …

An Examination Of The Combined Influences Of Maternal Cognitions, Affect, And Behavior On Child Outcomes: A Model Comparison Approach, Elizabeth A. Heideman

Dissertations (1934 -)

The primary goal of this study was to better understand the combined influence of maternal affect, cognitions and behavior on child internalizing and externalizing behavior. Specifically, mothers and children completed a series of measures designed to assess parenting stress, parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and child internalizing and externalizing behavior. Participants were 115 mothers and their school-aged children who participated in an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Results suggest that child reported maternal warmth and control were important in influencing the development of internalizing behavior in children. Additionally, maternal parenting stress, warmth and control were found to be important influences in the development …

Children's Understanding Of Intimate Partner Violence, Renee Lynn Deboard-Lucas

Dissertations (1934 -)

There is a clear connection between exposure to interparental aggression and children's own future episodes of violent behavior. What is significantly less understood is why this pattern develops. The current study used quantitative and semi-structured methods to identify factors that shape children's understanding of intimate partner violence. Understanding violence was defined as including causal knowledge (Why does violence occur?) and beliefs about the acceptability of intimate partner violence. Factors proposed to predict children's causal attributions included mothers' perceived causes of interparental aggression and exposure to different forms of violence, including interparental, parent-child, and neighborhood aggression. Perceived causes of intimate partner …

Early Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Embolism: Review And Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Efstathios Polychronopoulos

Health Services Research Dissertations

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious, life-threatening thrombotic disease, which results in considerable health and economic consequences each year for the United States. These consequences include a toll of 83,000 deaths and an economic impact between 1,5 and 5 billion. Approaches to strategy selection by physicians and other health-care specialists are based mainly upon cost, technology availability, and cultural tolerance regarding radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the most cost-effective diagnostic strategy with patients suspected of PE among several strategies currently used by examining their detection failure rates. This objective was met by (a) assessing parameter …

Functional Macroautophagy Induction By Influenza A Virus Without A Contribution To Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii-Restricted Presentation., Joseph D Comber, Tara M Robinson, Nicholas A Siciliano, Adam E Snook, Laurence C Eisenlohr

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-presented peptides can be derived from both exogenous (extracellular) and endogenous (biosynthesized) sources of antigen. Although several endogenous antigen-processing pathways have been reported, little is known about their relative contributions to global CD4(+) T cell responses against complex antigens. Using influenza virus for this purpose, we assessed the role of macroautophagy, a process in which cytosolic proteins are delivered to the lysosome by de novo vesicle formation and membrane fusion. Influenza infection triggered productive macroautophagy, and autophagy-dependent presentation was readily observed with model antigens that naturally traffic to the autophagosome. Furthermore, treatments that enhance or …

Filamin A Is A Phosphorylation Target Of Membrane But Not Cytosolic Adenylyl Cyclase Activity, Sarah L. Sayner, Ron Balczon, Dara W. Frank, Dermot M. F. Cooper, Troy Stevens

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (AC) generates a cAMP pool within the subplasma membrane compartment that strengthens the endothelial cell barrier. This cAMP signal is steered toward effectors that promote junctional integrity and is inactivated before it accesses microtubules, where the cAMP signal causes phosphorylation of tau, leading to microtubule disassembly and barrier disruption. During infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a type III secretion system to inject a soluble AC, ExoY, into the cytosol of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. ExoY generates a cAMP signal that disrupts the endothelial cell barrier. We tested the hypothesis that this ExoY-dependent cAMP signal causes phosphorylation of tau, …

Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Wenyonii Infection On Seven Dairy Farms In Shanghai, China, Yuan Congli, Ying Hong, Zhang Zhonghai, Yang Zhibiao, Cui Li, Zhu Jianguo, Hua Xiuguo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma wenyonii (M. Wenyonii) was studied by PCR and blood smear staining in 197 cows. Clinical signsand hematological parameters of all tested cows were collected. Results confirmed that 31% populations werepositive of M. wenyonii infection. Statistical analysis revealed that the cows of 2-4 years old were most susceptible. Noclinical sings were found to be significantly associated with the infection. The infection also did not result in anemiabased on hematological investigation that only showed elevation of WBC counts in infected cows. Sequence analysisof the partial 16S rRNA gene showed that three different representative strains were confirmed in the present study.

Speaking Rate Effects On Normal Aspects Of Articulation: Outcomes And Issues, Jeffrey J. Berry

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

The articulatory effects of speaking rate have been a point of focus for a substantial literature in speech science. The normal aspects of speaking rate variation have influenced theories and models of speech production and perception in the literature pertaining to both normal and disordered speech. While the body of literature pertaining to the articulatory effects of speaking rate change is reasonably large, few speaker-general outcomes have emerged. The purpose of this paper is to review outcomes of the existing literature and address problems related to the study of speaking rate that may be germane to the recurring theme that …

Speech-Language Pathologists Collaborating With Head Start To Improve Children’S Early Language And Literacy Skills: Efficacy And Intensity Effects, Maura Jones Moyle, Sue Berman

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

The current study examined the efficacy of a speech-language pathologist–designed and implemented emergent literacy program for Head Start preschoolers and the influence of intensity of intervention on children’s gains. Results indicated that children who participated in the intervention program exhibited greater gains than the control group on oral language, phonological awareness, and alphabet/print knowledge. Children who received a higher dosage of intervention made greater gains on vocabulary and oral language compared to the lower intensity group. Speech-language pathologists may be valuable collaborators in promoting emergent literacy skills in at-risk children.

Generation Of A Kupffer Cell-Evading Adenovirus For Systemic And Liver-Directed Gene Transfer, Reeti Khare, Shannon M. May, Francesco Vetrini, Eric A. Weaver, Donna Palmer, Amanda Rosewell, Nathan Grove, Philip Ng, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

As much as 90% of an intravenously (i.v.) injected dose of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is absorbed and destroyed by liver Kupffer cells. Viruses that escape these cells can then transduce hepatocytes after binding factor X (FX). Given that interactions with FX and Kupffer cells are thought to occur on the Ad5 hexon protein, we replaced its exposed hypervariable regions (HVR) with those from Ad6. When tested in vivo in BALB/c mice and in hamsters, the Ad5/6 chimera mediated >10 times higher transduction in the liver. This effect was not due to changes in FX binding. Rather, Ad5/6 appeared to …

Serum Igf-1 Concentrations Change With Soy And Seaweed Supplements In Healthy Postmenopausal American Women, Jane Teas, Mohammad R. Irhimeh, Susan Druker, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hébert, Todd M. Savarese, Mindy S. Kurzer

Faculty Publications

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an anabolic hormone important for growth and development. However, high-circulating serum concentrations in adults are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Nutritional status and specific foods influence serum IGF-1 concentrations. Breast cancer incidence is typically low in Asian countries where soy is commonly consumed. Paradoxically, soy supplement trials in American women have reported significant increases in IGF-1. Seaweed also is consumed regularly in Asian countries where breast cancer risk is low. We investigated the possibility that seaweed could modify soy-associated increases in IGF-1 in American women. Thirty healthy postmenopausal women (mean age …