Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope Before And After Weight Reduction Program In Obese Adults, Chueh-Hung Wu, Shu-Ming Yeh, Ke-Vin Chang, Hung-Pin Lee, Ssu-Yuan Chen, Ching Lan, Hung-Chih Tsai, Ya-Ling Huang, Jin-Shin Lai

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background and Purpose: Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is an index for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness without performing maximal exercise and correlates well with the individual's peak oxygen uptake (□O(superscript 2peak)). The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical usefulness of OUES for determining the cardiorespiratory fitness of obese adults without cardiovascular diseases by investigating (1) the correlation between OUES and weight (2) the change in the OUES after a weight-reduction program. Methods: Fifty-eight obese subjects (13men and 45women) were enrolled in a 12-week weight-reduction program, including diet, exercise and psychological programs. They underwent maximal cycle ergometer exercise testing, …

Obesitas Pada Pekerja Minyak Dan Gas, Dilla Christina, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Beberapa tahun terakhir angka obesitas di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Obesitas terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan output energi dalam jangka waktu cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada pekerja on shore di perusahaan minyak dan gas. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh pekerja on shore (laki-laki maupun perempuan) berusia 35 – 55 tahun yang sesuai dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditetapkan (n = 378). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas (IMT ³ 25 kg/m2) pada pekerja on-shore sebesar 49,5%. Variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pegawai, …

Obesity: The Anthropometric And Demographic Characteristics Of Insured And Uninsured Individuals, Terra Fox Williams

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objectives. This study evaluates the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and health insurance status in attendees at a local health fair. BMI was also compared among ages, gender, and races.

Methods. Descriptive analysis conducted using data collected at the “Celebrating Life and Health” health fairs between the years 2008 and 2011. Data for this study were collected at the BMI booth staffed by Wright State Boonshoft School of Medicine students.

Results. The results of this particular study do not demonstrate a statistical difference between obesity and health insurance status. Consistent with other research articles this study does show that …

Long-Term Effects Of Changes In Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Body Mass Index On All-Cause And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality In Men: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, Duck-Chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Enrique G. Artero, I-Min Lee, Timothy S. Church, Paul A. Mcauley, Fatima C. Stanford, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - The combined associations of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) with mortality remain controversial and uncertain.

Methods and Results - We examined the independent and combined associations of changes in fitness and BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 14,345 men (mean age 44 years) with at least 2 medical examinations. Fitness, in metabolic equivalents (METs), was estimated from a maximal treadmill test. BMI was calculated using measured weight and height. Changes in fitness and BMI between the baseline and last examinations over 6.3 years were classified into loss, stable, or gain groups. …

Development Of An Instrument Measuring The Perceived Attributes Of Using A Healthy Diet Innovation, Holly Ann Federico Huye

Dissertations

The Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) is a rural region that is rich in agricultural resources but is one of the most impoverished areas in the US. Prior research has indicated LMD adults as having higher rates of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases as compared to US adults. While the need for dietary intervention in the LMD is evident, the first step in designing effective interventions is the assessment of one’s perceptions of dietary behaviors. The purpose of this research was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess individuals’ perceived attributes of using a healthy diet. Using the Diffusion …

Effect Of A Work Site Exercise Program On Selected Fitness And Psychological Parameters, Kristen Ann Christiansen

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The increasing rates of obesity continue to threaten the vitality of our nation. Health care costs are soaring and chronic diseases are reaching even the youngest populations. Physical activity is an integral component in reversing the obesity epidemic and improving the health of today's workforce. The present study sought to determine the effect of a work site exercise program on select fitness and psychological parameters. Five female employees participated in a six-week exercise program utilizing HealthBeat(TM) outdoor exercise equipment in a circuit fashion for 30 minutes, 2 days per week. Eighty percent of participants were categorized as sedentary or low-active …

A Polymerase Chain Reaction Method For The Detection Of Selenomonas Noxia, Arthuro Mehretu

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In recent studies, periodontal health has been linked to being overweight and/or obese. Among common oral bacteria, Selenomonas noxia has been implicated in converting periodontal health to disease. Selenomonas spp. have also been found in gastric ulcers, and were misdiagnosed as Helicobacter -like organisms, but no further studies were conducted. The increasing clinical and epidemiological importance of S. noxia necessitates the development of a rapid detection method. In this study, a TaqMan 16S rRNA based real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was developed, optimized and evaluated for the rapid and specific detection of S. noxia . The 16S PCR assay …

The Role Of Supermarkets In Community Nutrition, Staci Gruber

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Chronic diseases related to nutrition are a serious threat to public health. Supermarkets offer an important and promising venue to improve diet quality and overall health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the supermarkets’ community nutrition focus and interest in public health.

Methods: This study emphasis’s a triangulated qualitative study design. It employs various methods and taps various sources for data. Twenty face-to-face, semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with five full service supermarket chains in Montgomery County, Ohio; Wal-Mart, Kroger, Meijer, Cub Foods, and Dorothy Lane Market. Qualitative sources of information collected include store observation and …

Sensitivity Of Detection Of Radiofrequency Surgical Sponges: A Prospective, Cross-Over Study, Victoria Steelman

Victoria J. Steelman

BACKGROUND: A retained surgical sponge is a serious medical error that results in negative patient outcomes. Radiofrequency (RF) technology has recently been introduced to evaluate for the presence of a retained sponge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of surgical sponges embedded with an RF chip through the torsos of subjects of varying body habitus, including the morbidly obese. METHODS: A prospective, crossover, and observer blinded study design was used. Subjects served as their own controls. With the subject supine, 4 surgical sponges were sequentially placed behind the subject's torso in …

Parent-Led Activity And Nutrition (Plan) For Healthy Living: Design And Methods, William T. Dalton, Karen E. Schetzina, Nicole Holt, Hazel Fulton-Robinson, Ai-Leng Ho, Fred Tudiver, Mathew T. Mcbee, Tiejian Wu

ETSU Faculty Works

Child obesity has become an important public health concern, especially in rural areas. Primary care providers are well positioned to intervene with children and their parents, but encounter many barriers to addressing child overweight and obesity. This paper describes the design and methods of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate a parent-mediated approach utilizing physician's brief motivational interviewing and parent group sessions to treat child (ages 5–11 years) overweight and obesity in the primary care setting in Southern Appalachia. Specific aims of this pilot project will be 1) to establish a primary care based and parent-mediated childhood overweight intervention program …

Characterization Of Street Food Consumption In Palermo: Possible Effects On Health, Silvio Buscemi, Annamaria Barile, Vincenza Maniaci, John A. Batsis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Street Food (SF) consists of out-of-home food consumption and has old, historical roots with complex social-economic and cultural implications. Despite the emergence of modern fast food, traditional SF persists worldwide, but the relationship of SF consumption with overall health, well-being, and obesity is unknown.

Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The study was performed in Palermo, the largest town of Sicily, Italy. Two groups were identified: consumers of SF (n = 687) and conventional restaurant food (RES) consumers (n = 315). Study subjects answered a questionnaire concerning their health conditions, nutritional preferences, frequency of consumption of SF and …

Using The Quetelet Body Mass Index As A Mortality Indicator For Patients Starting Renal Replacement Therapy... Including Commentary By Parker Kp With Author Response, Kennith Culp, M. Flanigan, J. Dudley, L. Taylor, T. Bissen, S. Garrison

Kennith R. Culp

OBJECTIVE: The prupose of this study was to compare clinical profiles and mortality risk of patients starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) across three Quetelet body mass index (BMI) classifications: lean, normal, and obese. SAMPLE/SETTING: All patients applying for dialysis services using Health Care Financing Administration (HCRA) form 2728-U4 were sampled during the period of April 1, 1995 through June 30, 1995 in two end-stage renal disease (ESRD) Networks. These two ESRD networks encompassed 7 states and provided 846 patients for this analysis. DESIGN: A descriptive survival study was used with a follow-up period of 18 months. METHODS: The Quetelet BMI …

Frequency Of Silent Myocardial Ischaemia In Diabetics: A Single Centre Study, Adil Sheikh, Syed Shah Faisal, Abdul Jabbar

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To find the frequency of silent myocardial ischaemia in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics.

METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted between November 2008 and March 2010. Two hundred subjects were recruited by convenience sampling after informed consent. All were subjected to an exercise stress test. Electrocardiographic changes were noted for silent Ischaemia Descriptive Statistics were applied for significance.

RESULT: Of the 200 subjects included in the study, 31 had diabetes and 1 69 were non-diabetics. The mean age was 46 +/- 10 years. Twenty eight subjects tested positive for silent ischaemia, of whom six were diabetics (19%) …

What Can Parents Do To Reduce Youth Obesity? An Initial Study With A Diverse Sample, Marilyn Frenn, Amy Heinrich, Claire Schmidt Dohmen, Jessica E. Pruszynski

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The body mass index (BMI) of diverse, low-income fifth grade students (n = 36) was regressed on physical activity (Child Adolescent Activity Log), percentage dietary fat (Food Habits Questionnaire), and the Food/Activity Parenting Practices Questionnaire. The model explained 50% of the variance in student BMI, adjusted R² = .50, F (4, 19) = 6.84, p = .001. Students accurately perceived their weight status. Students' perception of parenting strategies, along with dietary fat, was significantly associated with their BMI. Parent's (n = 14) BMI, not the child's, was associated with the strategies they used. Three parents tested an …

Association Between Caries, Obesity And Insulin Resistance In Mexican Adolescents, Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodgriguez, Carlos Villa-Chavez, Nuria Patiño-Marin, Celia Aradillas-Garcia, Cesar Gonzalez, Esperanza De La Cruz-Mendoza

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Aim: To determine the association among dental caries, obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents. Methods: Body Mass Index, obesity (OB) blood pressure, insulin level, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides level, serum HDL-cholesterol (cHDL), DMFT index and salivary flow were measured. Results: Anthropometric measures showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Insulin level was 8.98 for healthy subjects, whereas for OB-IR group was 25.35, there was a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05). Triglycerides level was 88.50 for healthy subjects and 169.40 mg/dL for OB-IR; cHDL was 52.88 for healthy and 41.82 mg/dL for OB-IR group, both showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Salivary flow was 4.30 for healthy and for OB-IR group was 5.48 ml/min showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). DMFT index was 3.02 for healthy and for OB-IR adolescents was 4.78, showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). The caries component of DMFT index was 1.84 for healthy and was 3.52 for OB-IR adolescents, showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis, DMFT (OR=3.10; IC95%=0.20-1.02, p=0.042) and decay (OR=3.30; IC95%=0.19-1.0, p=0.011) were associated with subjects with OB-IR. Conclusion: OB-IR Mexican adolescents showed a positive association with DMFT.

The Association Between The Food Environment And Weight Status Among Eastern North Carolina Youth, Stephanie B. Jilcott, Scott Wade, Jared T. Mcguirt, Qiang Wu, Suzanne Lazorick, Justin B. Moore

Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine associations between various measures of the food environment and BMI percentile among youth.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational.

Setting: Pitt County, eastern North Carolina.

Subjects:We extracted the electronic medical records for youth receiving well child check-ups from January 2007 to June 2008. We obtained addresses for food venues from two secondary sources and ground-truthing. A geographic information systems database was constructed by geocoding home addresses of 744 youth and food venues. We quantified participants' accessibility to food venues by calculating 'coverage', number of food venues in buffers of 0●25, 0●5, 1 and 5 miles (0●4, 0●8, 1●6 and …

Relationship Of Adipokines With Insulin Sensitivity In African Americans., Maria P Martinez Cantarin, Scott W Keith, Stephanie Deloach, Yonghong Huan, Bonita Falkner

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Cytokines produced by adipose tissue, including adiponectin, have been associated with metabolic abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic insulin clamp with plasma adiponectin and other adipokines in young adult African Americans.

METHODS: Participants were healthy African Americans. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, an oral glucose tolerance test and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic insulin clamp were performed. Insulin sensitivity measurements were adjusted for percentage of fat mass. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed on plasma from fasting blood samples. Pearson correlation coefficients and …

Overweight And Obesity In Health Care Workers In Relation To Musculoskeletal Conditions And Weight Loss, Jessica Lynn Ehrentraut

Master's Theses

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the most prevalent occupational injuries in nursing home employees. Most of the research and interventions in the past 30 years have focused on teaching and training nursing home staff proper lifting and body mechanics to reduce the risk of injury. The weight of the nursing home staff and patients have increased dramatically in recent years parallel to the significant growth of adiposity in the general population with two out of three adults overweight, and one of four obese (Body mass index (BMI) > 30). This puts the staff at even higher risk for MSD injuries due to …

Motivational Coaching: Its Efficacy As An Obesity Intervention And A Profile Of Professional Coaches, Courtney E. Newnham-Kanas

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Abstract

The primary purpose of this dissertation was to examine Motivational Interviewing (MI) using Co-Active life coaching (CALC) skills as an intervention for individuals struggling with obesity. The secondary purpose was to investigate the characteristics of the interventionists, the Certified Professional Co-Active Coaches (CPCCs).

Study 1 quantitatively assessed the immediate and six-month-post intervention impact of receiving six-months of MI, administered via CALC skills, on weight and waist circumference and psycho-social outcomes of eight women struggling with obesity. Study 2 qualitatively assessed participants’ and the volunteer CPCC’s experience of the intervention. The purpose of Study 3 was to develop a comprehensive, …

Gene By Bmi Interactions Influencing C-Reactive Protein Levels In European-Americans, Sarah Tudor

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker indicating tissue damage, inflammation, and infection. High-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) is an emerging biomarker often used to estimate an individual’s risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD). hsCRP levels falling below 1.00 mg/l indicate a low risk for developing CHD, levels ranging between 1.00 mg/l and 3.00 mg/l indicate an elevated risk, and levels exceeding 3.00 mg/l indicate high risk. Multiple Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified a number of genetic polymorphisms which influence CRP levels. SNPs implicated in such studies have been found in or near genes of interest including: CRP, APOE, APOC, IL-6, …

Association Study Of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms And Obesity In A Young Mexican-American Population From South Texas, Jorge Duran-Gonzalez, Ixiu Ortiz, Enrique Gonzales, Nicole Ruiz, Manti Ortiz, Arthur Gonzalez, Edna K. Sanchez, Eugenia Curet, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Anne R. Rentfro, Huiqi Qu, Saraswathy Nair

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background and Aims

Obesity is increasingly a health problem and a risk factor for diabetes in young Mexican-American populations. Genetic association studies in older, mostly non-Hispanic populations have reported that polymorphisms in the candidate genes HSD11B1, CRP, ADIPOQ, PPARG, ANKK1, ABCC8 and SERPINF1 are associated with obesity or diabetes. We analyzed the polymorphisms rs846910, rs1205, rs1501299, rs1801282, rs1800497, rs757110 and rs1136287in these candidate genes, for association with obesity and metabolic traits in a young Mexican-American population from south Texas.

Methods

Genotyping of the seven common SNPs were performed by allelic discrimination assays in 448 unrelated Mexican Americans (median age = …

The Association Of Genotype, And The Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Effect On Aerobic Fitness In Prepubertal, African American, Obese Children, Jennifer Irene Flynn

Masters Theses

Purpose: To determine the association of certain aerobic fitness and physical activity genotypes and the gene-physical activity interaction effect on aerobic fitness in pre-pubertal, African American, obese children. Methods: Subjects were 30 pre-pubertal, African American, obese children (9.5 ± 1.7 years) who were free of clinical disease. Height and weight were measured according to standard procedures. Body fat was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and DNA samples were collected using buccal swabs. Aerobic fitness was assessed using a cycle ergometer and the McMaster cycle protocol. ANOVAs were used to determine associations and interaction effects of the ACE, ADRB2, NOS3, …

Comparing Cognitive Functioning And Adverse Metabolic Effects Of Consumers Taking Type 1 Or Type 2 Antipsychotic Medications With Un-Medicated Consumers, Muhammad Puri

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Obesity and metabolic side effects such as diabetes mellitus are major concerns in public health. Mentally ill people are a high risk subgroup for obesity and metabolic syndrome because of behavior, non treatment, and medication side effects. In this research, I conducted a retrospective chart review to compare the weight and body mass index of consumers who were prescribed antipsychotic Type 1 or Type 2 medications. The sample was drawn from consumers attending the Consumer Advocacy Model (CAM) program which is an outpatient substance abuse and mental health treatment program in the Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine Department …

Acute Effects Of A Selective Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Agonist On Neuroinflammation In A Model Of Traumatic Brain Injury., Melanie B Elliott, Ronald F Tuma, Peter S Amenta, Mary F Barbe, Jack I Jallo

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Proposed therapeutic strategies for attenuating secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI) include modulation of acute neuroimmune responses. The goal of this study was to examine the acute effects of cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB(2)R) modulation on behavioral deficits, cerebral edema, perivascular substance P, and macrophage/microglial activation in a murine model of TBI. Thirty male C57BL/6 mice underwent sham surgery, or cortical contusion impact injury (CCI). CCI mice received vehicle or the CB(2)R agonist 0-1966 at 1 and 24 h after injury. Performance on the rotarod, forelimb cylinder, and open-field tests were evaluated before and at 48 h after sham or CCI surgery. Cerebral …

Chronic Diseases: The Emerging Pandemic., Andre Terzic, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

According to the 2011 World Health Organization Global Status Report, of the 57 million annual global deaths – a staggering 36 million or over 63% are due to chronic diseases.¹ Four noncommunicable diseases - namely cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases - emerge as the leading cause of mortality in the world, accounting respectively for 17, 7.6, 4.2, and 1.3 million deaths based on the latest available global epidemiology data. By 2020, global deaths due to chronic diseases are projected to worsen by at least 15 to 20%. It is estimated that the four major noncommunicable diseases will …

Caloric Restriction, Aerobic Exercise Training And Soluble Lectin-Like Oxidized Ldl Receptor-1 Levels In Overweight And Obese Post-Menopausal Women, Tina E. Brinkley, Xuewen Wang, Noriaki Kume, Hirokazu Mitsuoka, Barbara J. Nicklas

Faculty Publications

Background—Elevated circulating levels of soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) have been observed in obese persons and are reduced by weight loss. However, it is not known if combining caloric restriction (CR) with exercise training is better in reducing sLOX-1 levels than CR alone.

Objective—We examined whether the addition of aerobic exercise to a weight loss intervention differentially affects sLOX-1 levels in 61 abdominally obese postmenopausal women randomly assigned to a CR only (n=22), CR + moderate-intensity exercise (n=22), or CR + vigorous intensity exercise (n=17) intervention for 20 weeks. The caloric deficit was ~2,800 kcal/week for …

The Experiences Of Obese African American Women And Their Utilization Of Preventive Healthcare Services, Winsome Beverly Stephenson

Nursing Dissertations (PhD)

Obesity is associated with higher death rates from breast and gynecological cancers. African American women(AAW) are more likely to be diagnosed with these cancers at later stages and have lower survival rates than Caucasian women. African American women are also disproportionately affected by obesity. Studies suggest that the healthcare experiences of obese women (primarily stigmatization), may contribute to their decisions to utilize healthcare services. However, these studies have largely comprised Caucasian women; there remains a paucity of studies addressing this issue in AAW. The purpose of this study was to explore the healthcare experiences of obese AAW and their utilization …

Recalled Fruit And Vegetable Intake While Growing Up And Its Association With Adult Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among U.S. Adults - Analysis Of The Food Attitudes And Behaviors Survey, Mary D. Hill

Public Health Theses

ABSTRACT

MARY D. HILL

Recalled fruit and vegetable intake while growing up and its association with adult fruit and vegetable intake among U.S. adults – analysis of the food attitudes and behaviors survey

(Under the direction of DR. KYMBERLE STERLING)

High dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) is associated with a lower risk for chronic disease including certain cancers, optimal child growth, and weight management. More than 72 million U.S. adults are obese; therefore, fruit and vegetable intake is important in weight management. Using data from the Food Attitude and Behavior survey, this study will address the following questions: …

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Methods To Reduce Atherosclerosis In The Obese Minipig, Mary E. Hall

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Barriers To Truck Drivers’ Healthy Eating: Environmental Influences And Health Promotion Strategies, Yorghos Apostolopoulos, Sevil Sönmez, Mona Shattell, Robert Strack, Laura Haldeman, Victoria Jones

Mona Shattell

This article presents an assessment of 25 trucking work settings designed to examine whether the environmental attributes of these settings influence eating patterns of truckers who are at risk for excess weight gain. Findings corroborate evidence that these work settings represent healthy food deserts. From restaurants and vending machines to the social-information environments and their surrounding communities, only meager opportunities exist for healthful eating practices. This article aims to place underserved truckers and warehousing-sector employees firmly within the discourse of workplace health promotion and calls for multistakeholder wellness strategies that encompass the intertwined risk factors linked with the transportation work …