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Articles 1 - 30 of 145
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Development Of Dual-Pathway Inhibitors Of Raf/Mek/Erk And Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathways., Sasha Fraser
Development Of Dual-Pathway Inhibitors Of Raf/Mek/Erk And Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathways., Sasha Fraser
Theses and Dissertations
In the present study, we designed a new chemical template that contains an oxindole moiety as potential dual-pathway inhibitors of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. The design hypothesis is to evaluate whether the oxindole ring system will approximately orient functional groups in a similar manner to the thiazolidinedione moiety, and thus maintain biological activity as dual-pathway inhibitors of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, the oxindole ring will provide the flexibility to allow the introduction of various substituents on the oxindole moiety, thereby facilitating comprehensive SAR studies to further explore the biological activity.
Age Dependent Spatial Characteristics Of Epileptiform Activity In Malformed Cortex, L. Andrew Bell
Age Dependent Spatial Characteristics Of Epileptiform Activity In Malformed Cortex, L. Andrew Bell
Theses and Dissertations
Developmental cortical malformations are a major cause of intractable seizures. Determining the location and timing of susceptibility for epileptiform activity is critical to identifying what mechanisms contribute to epileptogenesis in any model. Using the freeze lesion rat model of polymicrogyria, we have identified, in lesioned cortex, these two aspects of epileptogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that epileptiform activity cannot be evoked prior to postnatal day (P) 12, but the malformed cortex is more susceptible to seizures as early as P10. An increase in excitatory afferents to the epileptogenic zone occurs before the onset of network epileptiform activity. Whether or not …
Framework To Secure Cloud-Based Medical Image Storage And Management System Communications, Timothy James Rostrom
Framework To Secure Cloud-Based Medical Image Storage And Management System Communications, Timothy James Rostrom
Theses and Dissertations
Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) have been traditionally constrained to the premises of the healthcare provider. This has limited the availability of these systems in many parts of the world and mandated major costs in infrastructure for those who employ them. Public cloud services could be a solution that eases the cost of ownership and provides greater flexibility for PACS implementations. This could make it possible to bring medical imaging services to places where it was previously unavailable and reduce the costs associated with these services for those who utilize them. Moving these systems to public cloud infrastructure requires …
The Development And Initial Validation Of The Glassboro Inventory For Twelve-Step (Gifts), Andrew Assini
The Development And Initial Validation Of The Glassboro Inventory For Twelve-Step (Gifts), Andrew Assini
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present research was to collect qualitative data regarding twelve-step programs which was then used to inform the creation of a new measure of twelve-step engagement. Focus groups were conducted, consisting of twelve-step members, to ascertain an insider perspective on the twelve-step experience. Results showed that "successful recovery" was considered more than just time abstinent by these insiders. These findings were then used to guide the creation of the Glassboro Inventory For Twelve-Step (GIFTS), a new measure of twelve-step engagement which improves upon previous twelve-step measures. The GIFTS was validated against the Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement (AAI; Tonigan, …
Medication-Related Problems In Older Adults: A Focus On Underuse Of Warfarin And Warfarin-Antibiotic Interactions, Parinaz K. Ghaswalla
Medication-Related Problems In Older Adults: A Focus On Underuse Of Warfarin And Warfarin-Antibiotic Interactions, Parinaz K. Ghaswalla
Theses and Dissertations
The work presented in this dissertation focuses on two important medication-related problems in older adults, that is, untreated indication and drug-drug interactions, specifically with respect to a high-risk medication such as warfarin. Warfarin is a challenge to use in clinical practice due to its narrow therapeutic index, variability in dose-response and its interactions with numerous foods and drugs. This dissertation presents the research from two projects. In the first project the prevalence and predictors of warfarin use in nursing home (NH) residents with atrial fibrillation (AF), and use of secondary stroke prevention strategies was determined, in order to understand the …
An Investigative Study Of The Influence Of Religion On Help Seeking Behaviors In The Field Of Mental Health, Kristen Darroch
An Investigative Study Of The Influence Of Religion On Help Seeking Behaviors In The Field Of Mental Health, Kristen Darroch
Theses and Dissertations
The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of religion on help seeking behaviors regarding mental health. Participants (n = 167) were volunteers from three different churches of Christian denominations who anonymously completed questionnaires regarding their religiosity and their attitude toward seeking help from a mental health professional. Analysis of the data found that subjects who belonged to liberal denominations of Christianity were more likely to seek help from a mental health professional for mental health issues than subjects belonging to more traditionally conservative denominations of Christianity. The study also found that subjects belonging to conservative denominations of Christianity …
The Determinants Of A Nurse's Discretionary Decision To Respond To Situations That Place Patients At Risk For Safety Events But Requires A Response That Is Beyond The Scope Of Nursing Practice, Kathy Baker
Theses and Dissertations
A nurse’s contribution to patient safety in regards to early detection of issues in the clinical setting is undisputed (Redman, 2008). If these patient situations require a response that is beyond the scope of nursing practice, in most instances nurses are not sanctioned to intervene without physician consultation (Gaba, 2000). The evidence in the nursing literature does suggest that some nurses exercise professional discretion and are, at times, making the decision to initiate interventions independently (Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, & Stannard, 1999; Hutchinson, 1990; Tiffany, Cruise, & Cruise, 1988). The focus of this inquiry was to examine the determinants of a nurse’s …
Development Of A Novel Approach To Assess Qualitative And Quantitative Dynamics Associated With The Subcutaneous Or Intramuscular Administration Of Pharmaceuticals And Associated Parenteral Delivery Systems, Eric Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
There has been a significant increase in the number of injectable pharmaceutical products over the last decade that have been incorporated into unique delivery systems such as pen injectors, auto-injectors, or pre-filled syringes. The advancement of these delivery systems and the paradigm shift towards administration of injectables in the out-of-hospital or home setting have introduced variables that can affect the bioavailability of injectable drugs and potential pharmacologic outcomes. An approach that allows for the qualitative and quantitative dispersion assessment of an injectable at the moment of tissue deposition coupled with an assessment of systemic exposure parameters could provide substantial information …
Response To And Recovery From Endotracheal Suctioning In Preterm Infants Using Routine Versus Four-Handed Care, Sharon Cone
Response To And Recovery From Endotracheal Suctioning In Preterm Infants Using Routine Versus Four-Handed Care, Sharon Cone
Theses and Dissertations
Neonatal Intensive Care Units have experienced profound advances in technology and treatment modalities over the last two decades. Infants born at the edge of viability are now surviving despite prolonged hospitalizations. These infants born preterm are prone to a high degree of stress from life sustaining and routine interventions. Much focus has been directed toward addressing noxious environmental factors such as noise, light, and infectious disease; however, little has been done to examine the stress experienced by the professional caregiver who work in these environments. Environmental press theory, which focuses on the interplay between human beings and their surroundings, is …
Caring For A Preterm Infant During The First Six Months Post Nicu Discharge: A Mother’S Perspective, Lois Phillips-Pula
Caring For A Preterm Infant During The First Six Months Post Nicu Discharge: A Mother’S Perspective, Lois Phillips-Pula
Theses and Dissertations
Overview There are numerous studies in the current literature focusing on the intense emotions experienced by parents, following the birth of a preterm infant, (i.e., born prior to 37 weeks gestational age [GA]). Research findings have helped us understand the fear and anxiety they feel while attempting to navigate the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment. What happens in those early weeks and months at home after discharge, however, is surprisingly absent from the literature. It is well known that preterm infants are readmitted to the hospital during the first few months after discharge at a rate of 10% - …
Fluctuations And Instantons In Complex Landscapes: From Ligand Unbinding To Proton Transfer, Justin Elenewski
Fluctuations And Instantons In Complex Landscapes: From Ligand Unbinding To Proton Transfer, Justin Elenewski
Theses and Dissertations
Biophysical entities are complex systems systems with strong environmental coupling, dominated by fluctuations on a hierarchy of timescales. These properties confound simulation of ligand binding and catalysis, inflating the scale of the problem to one tractable only with a considerable outlay of resources. In an attempt to ameliorate this restriction, several techniques are developed to accelerate biomolecular simulations while collaterally lending physical insight. The first segment of this dissertation is concerned with directed simulations of ligand binding in a model system. Using the serum retinol binding protein as a prototype, the potential of mean force associated with ligand binding is …
Identifying Modulators Of The Development Of Acute Functional Tolerance To Ethanol In Caenorhabditis Elegans., Ka-Po Leung
Identifying Modulators Of The Development Of Acute Functional Tolerance To Ethanol In Caenorhabditis Elegans., Ka-Po Leung
Theses and Dissertations
Alcohol abuse is a problem in our society. There are few treatments available, in part due to the unclear molecular mechanisms of ethanol’s effects. Human studies indicate that there is a genetic component influencing disease susceptibility, and that an individual’s initial response to alcohol can predict their development of addiction. We have taken a forward genetics approach to study one component of initial response, acute functional tolerance (AFT), in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified bet11, a mutation that causes animals to be defective in the development of AFT. Genetic analysis suggested that the gene that bet11 disrupts participates in a synthetic …
Living With Hiv: Views Through The Blog, Linda Eastham
Living With Hiv: Views Through The Blog, Linda Eastham
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to develop a greater clarity of how HIV infected individuals live and work within the sphere of HIV infection as represented through unsolicited, personal narratives posted on blogs. Existing, single author, personal blogs were identified via a search engine. Blogs were defined as the blog author's postings and all responses, whether written by the blog author or a reader respondent. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed to respect indicators of bloggers' intentions for privacy, e.g., blogs which required a password were excluded. A total of 14 blogs met inclusion criteria. Actions to …
Understanding Mothers Of Late Preterm Infants, Brenda Baker
Understanding Mothers Of Late Preterm Infants, Brenda Baker
Theses and Dissertations
The experience of becoming a mother is a personal and social experience influenced by individual characteristics, friends and family, and the infant. The journey to become a mother encompasses concepts of maternal competence and responsiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine maternal competence and responsiveness to the infant in mothers of late preterm infants compared to mothers of full term infants. The conceptual model for this work was based on the work of Reva Rubin describing maternal identity and role development. Maternal competence and responsiveness are components of maternal role and are influenced by social support, maternal self-esteem, …
Healthcare Acquired Infection Risk And Toothbrush Contamination In The Icu., Michelle Frazelle
Healthcare Acquired Infection Risk And Toothbrush Contamination In The Icu., Michelle Frazelle
Theses and Dissertations
Healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) are a complex and multi-factorial problem associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. Toothbrushes (TBs) may be at risk for contamination with potential pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) from the patient care environment or autoinnoculation from the patient. We focused on three PPMs: multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and Acinetobacter. Specific aims were to (1) describe environmental factors associated with TB contamination in the ICU; (2) describe the relationship between TB contamination and oral colonization in critically ill adults.
Sensory Modulation Disorder In Puerto Rican Preschoolers: Associated Risk Factors, Rosa L. Roman-Oyola
Sensory Modulation Disorder In Puerto Rican Preschoolers: Associated Risk Factors, Rosa L. Roman-Oyola
Theses and Dissertations
Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD) reduces a child’s ability to respond to sensory stimuli in the environment in a manner that corresponds to the nature or intensity of the stimulus; this disorder therefore significantly can impact participation in developmentally appropriate play and functional activities. More studies are needed to enhance research in the field of SMD and aid the general community in understanding the disorder and its causes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of SMD among Puerto Rican preschoolers and examine the relationship between specific risk factors (socioeconomic status, pre-natal alcohol exposure, low birth weight, preterm …
Utilization Of Structural And Biochemical Cues To Enhance Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Balendu Shekhar Jha
Utilization Of Structural And Biochemical Cues To Enhance Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Balendu Shekhar Jha
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the prospects of using the electrospinning process to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds targeting a variety of regenerative applications, with a primary focus on the production of nerve guides for the treatment of long-defect nerve injuries in the peripheral nervous system. A basic overview of the conventional electrospinning process is provided, and the utility of this fabrication scheme in the production of collagen-based tissue engineering scaffolds is demonstrated. Next, a novel modification of the basic electrospinning process is presented. This process, called two pole air gap electrospinning, was developed to produce nerve guides that exhibit an anisotropic structure …
Characterization Of The Effect Of Serum And Chelating Agents On Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Formation; Chelating Agents Augment Biofilm Formation Through Clumping Factor B, Nabil Mathew Abraham
Characterization Of The Effect Of Serum And Chelating Agents On Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Formation; Chelating Agents Augment Biofilm Formation Through Clumping Factor B, Nabil Mathew Abraham
Theses and Dissertations
Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of a diverse array of acute and chronic infections, and some these infections, including infective endocarditis, joint infections, and medical device-associated bloodstream infections, depend upon its capacity to form tenacious biofilms on surfaces. Inserted medical devices such as intravenous catheters, pacemakers, and artificial heart valves save lives, but unfortunately, they can also serve as a substrate on which S. aureus can form a biofilm, attributing S. aureus as a leading cause of medical device-related infections. The major aim of this work was take compounds to which S. aureus would be exposed during infection and …
Treatment Of Anxiety Using Manualized Protocol: A Case Study, Deborah Stevenson
Treatment Of Anxiety Using Manualized Protocol: A Case Study, Deborah Stevenson
Theses and Dissertations
This case study evaluates the effectiveness of a manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in an adult female with comorbid Major Depressive Disorder and Social Phobia. The client voluntarily participated in outpatient individual psychotherapy offered in a private counseling facility. The client's psychosocial assessment is presented and the literature on empirical treatment and developing treatment models for Generalized Anxiety Disorder is reviewed. The client's progress in treatment and a comparison with what might be considered "best treatment" is presented. The client's Generalized Anxiety Disorder was treated using the manualized program Mastery of Your Anxiety and Worry …
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Remodels Its Host Cell-Derived Vacuole Into A Protective Niche By Redecorating The Vacuolar Membrane With Select Rab Gtpases And Bacterial Proteins, Bernice Huang
Theses and Dissertations
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils to cause the emerging tick-transmitted disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Following entry, the pathogen replicates within a host cell-derived vacuole that fails to mature along the endocytic pathway, does not acidify, and does not fuse with lysosomes. Selective fusogenicity is prototypical of many vacuole-adapted pathogens and has been attributed, at least in part, to pathogen modification of the vacuolar inclusion membrane and/or to selective recruitment or exclusion of host trafficking regulators. As a result, the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuolar membrane (AVM) provides a unique interface to study the host-pathogen interactions critical …
An Examination Of Spiritual And Religious Coping And Well-Being And Their Impact On The Health-Related Quality Of Life For Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support, Angela Hardy-Duncan
An Examination Of Spiritual And Religious Coping And Well-Being And Their Impact On The Health-Related Quality Of Life For Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Support, Angela Hardy-Duncan
Theses and Dissertations
Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) improves the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) (Friedrich & Bohm, 2007). Religious and spiritual practices positively influence health and well-being for cardiac patients (Ai, Park, Huang, Rodgers, & Tice, 2007; Blackhall, & Koenig, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of spiritual well-being (SWB) and religious well-being (RWB) and coping styles and methods (CSM) on health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with MCS. This exploratory repeated measures study used Spearmans’ rho and Wilcoxons’ Signed Rank tests for correlation and comparison analyses. The study …
Designing Allosteric Inhibitors Of Thrombin, Preetpal Sidhu
Designing Allosteric Inhibitors Of Thrombin, Preetpal Sidhu
Theses and Dissertations
Thrombin is a key enzyme of the coagulation cascade exhibiting important roles in both pro-coagulation and anti-coagulation processes. Most clinically used anticoagulant drugs, including polymeric heparin, warfarin, hirudin, argatroban and the recently approved dabigatran, aim to reduce thrombin activity. There are several binding domains on thrombin including the active site, anion-binding exosites I and II, and the sodium binding site. We hypothesized that thrombin may be better regulated through an allosteric process mediated by small molecules binding to either exosite I or II. An appropriately designed allosteric regulator that reduces the procoagulant signal in a finely tuned manner may maintain …
The Effects Of Expert Witness Testimony On Juror Verdict: Psychiatry Versus Psychology, La Shonine Gandy-Smith
The Effects Of Expert Witness Testimony On Juror Verdict: Psychiatry Versus Psychology, La Shonine Gandy-Smith
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of expert witness testimony on juror verdicts. We, further, assessed whether there would be a difference in the relative influence of MDs and PhD expert witnesses. Undergraduate and graduate students served as mock jurors and were presented with an insanity case which either (a) a PhD testified for the defense and a MD testified for the prosecution or (b) an MD testified for the defense and a PhD testified for the prosecution. After analysis of verdicts, an Insanity Defense Attitudes Survey, and specific witness credibility evaluations indicated no bias toward …
Hospitals With Physican Ceos: An Institutional Theory Perspective, Jeremy Zoch
Hospitals With Physican Ceos: An Institutional Theory Perspective, Jeremy Zoch
Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT HOSPITALS WITH PHYSICIAN CEOS: AN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE By: Jeremy S. Zoch, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health Related Sciences at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Kenneth R. White, Ph.D. Professor Department of Health Administration The complexities of the healthcare industry at the beginning of the 21st century continue to challenge hospitals to optimize their operations. A key leadership position in the overall success of a hospital is the role of the Chief Executive Officer. The purpose of this study was to …
The Characterization Of The Anterograde And Retrograde Consequences Of Traumatic Axonal Injury In A Mouse Model Of Diffuse Brain Injury, John E. Greer
The Characterization Of The Anterograde And Retrograde Consequences Of Traumatic Axonal Injury In A Mouse Model Of Diffuse Brain Injury, John E. Greer
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a consistent feature of (TBI) and is responsible for much of its associated morbidity. TAI is now recognized to result from progressive/secondary axonal injury, though much remains unknown in regards to the pathobiology and the long-term consequences of axonal injury. TAI has been described in the perisomatic domain, located within the neocortex following mild TBI, and within this domain has been linked to neuronal recovery, not neuronal cell death in the acute setting. Due to technical limitations, our understanding of the long-term fate of this neuronal population and the mechanisms responsible for permitting neuronal survival, …
Characterization Of Cyclic-Di-Gmp Signaling With The Lyme Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, Jessica Kostick
Characterization Of Cyclic-Di-Gmp Signaling With The Lyme Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, Jessica Kostick
Theses and Dissertations
Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii, and B. afzelii. These spirochetes experience environmental fluctuations as they are passed between mammalian and Ixodes tick hosts throughout their enzootic cycle. Recent studies have suggested cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous secondary messenger, is a key modulator of B. burgdorferi adaptive responses and may play a significant role in cycle progression. In this study, we examined the impact of the sole diguanylate cyclase (Rrp1), c-di-GMP binding proteins (PlzA and PlzB), and HD-GYP-containing phosphodiesterase (PdeB) in disease establishment of both murine and Ixodes tick systems. Strains harboring targeted gene …
The Use Of Targeted Charge-Reversal Nanoparticles (Tcrns) To Investigate Nuclear Delivery Of Fluorescent Agents To Cancer Cells: Implications For Novel Prostate And Breast Cancer Therapy, Mario Dance
Theses and Dissertations
Nanotechnology has recently emerged as a strong contributor toward research efforts to develop targeted systems of drug delivery in cancer therapy. Our work investigates the therapeutic potential of Targeted Charge-Reversal Nanoparticles (TCRNs), a novel nanoparticle with in vitro evidence of nuclear drug delivery. Using M12 prostate cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and modified derivatives of these cell lines, we investigated the ability of Folic Acid-tagged TCRNs to deliver Nile Red and Dimethyl Indole Redfluorescent (DiR) fluorescent dyes to the nucleus of cells using confocal microscopy and in vivo biphontonic imaging using Xenogen® Technology. Confocal imaging with the SCP28 derivative …
The Regulation Of Tonb-Dependent Transporters In Neisseria Gnorrhoeae, Aimee Hollander
The Regulation Of Tonb-Dependent Transporters In Neisseria Gnorrhoeae, Aimee Hollander
Theses and Dissertations
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes the common sexually- transmitted infection, gonorrhea. Gonococcal infections cause significant morbidity, particularly among women, as the organism ascends to the upper reproductive tract, resulting in pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Antibiotic resistance rates have risen dramatically, leading to severe restriction of treatment options for gonococcal disease. Gonococcal infections do not elicit protective immunity nor is there an effective vaccine to prevent the disease. Thus, further characterization of expression, function and regulation of surface antigens could lead to better treatment and prevention modalities in the future. N. gonorrhoeae express a …
A Study In Religious Worldview And Subjective Well-Being, Julian Affrime
A Study In Religious Worldview And Subjective Well-Being, Julian Affrime
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the relationship between religious worldview and multiple measures of subjective well-being, including: the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001a), the Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire (Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2005), the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), the Purpose in Life Test (Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1964), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, et al., 1985) among a sample of 272 college students. Participants were divided into six worldviews (Monotheism, Polytheism, Eastern Pantheism, Modern Humanism, Empiricism, and Naturalism) based on the factorial analysis computed by Spearman, the developer of the Personal Philosophical Belief Statements Scale (2006). …
Smoking In The United States Air Force: Trends, Most Prevalent Diseases And Their Association With Cost, Michail Gkoutouloudis
Smoking In The United States Air Force: Trends, Most Prevalent Diseases And Their Association With Cost, Michail Gkoutouloudis
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on the smoking rates among the Active Duty Air Force (ADAF) personnel and the association of smoking and cost of hospitalization because of diseases related to smoking. Three types of analyses were used in this research. The Contingency Analysis was based on the data taken from the Air Force Web HA questionnaire. The Pivot Table Analysis and the Regression Analysis were based on a second data set associated with the cost of hospitalization. The Contingency Analysis showed that smoking in the U.S. Air Force is more prevalent among the enlisted, males, and the younger age groups. The …