Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Review Of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms., Anthony Flynn, Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Paul J Mather

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Cardiac dysfunction is a well-recognized complication of severe sepsis and septic shock. Cardiac dysfunction in sepsis is characterized by ventricular dilatation, reduction in ejection fraction and reduced contractility. Initially, cardiac dysfunction was considered to occur only during the "hypodynamic" phase of shock. But we now know that it occurs very early in sepsis even during the "hyperdynamic" phase of septic shock. Circulating blood-borne factors were suspected to be involved in the evolution of sepsis induced cardiomyopathy, but it is not until recently that the cellular and molecular events are being targeted by researchers in a quest to understand this enigmatic …

Role Of Growth Factors In The Pathogenesis Of Tissue Fibrosis In Systemic Sclerosis., Sergio A. Jimenez, Susan V. Castro, Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The most severe clinical and pathologic manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are the result of a fibrotic process characterized by the excessive and often progressive deposition of collagen and other connective tissue macromolecules in skin and numerous internal organs. The mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of the remarkable fibrotic process in SSc remain largely unknown. Extensive recent studies have indicated that a variety of polypeptide growth factors play a crucial role in this process. The most commonly implicated growth factors include transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular …

Subglottic Secretion Aspiration In The Prevention Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Review Of The Literature., Rachel Scherzer

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common nosocomial infection that results in both negative patient outcomes and increased health care costs. Recently, many efforts have been targeted at ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention, including the practice of subglottic secretion aspiration. Six randomized control studies examining the effectiveness of subglottic secretion aspiration in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia were reviewed for this article. Results consistently show that subglottic secretion aspiration significantly reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a variety of patient populations. Despite these findings, this practice is limited in clinical settings. This clinical practice should be implemented in individuals requiring mechanical ventilation to …

Himmelfarb Headlines - November/December 2010, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Headlines (2009 - present)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users. Includes articles on SciVerse Hub, voice recognition software for electronic medical records, and profiles of Kimberly D. Acquaviva, PhD, MSW, and Leah Pellegrino.

Oncolog Volume 55, Number 11-12, November-December 2010, Bryan Tutt, Joe Munch

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Desmoid Tumors: Multidiciplinary treatment for an enigmatic disease
• Endoscopic Surgery for Skull Base Tumors: Patient selection is the key to success for the minimally invasive procedure
• INBRIEF: Earlier Breast Cancer Screening Recommended for Hispanic Women/SUMO Is Important for DNA Damage Repair/Regional Care Centers Make Cancer Treatment Easily Accessible/SIK2 Plays Critical Role in Chemotherapy Resistance
• HOUSE CALL: Books Provide Comfort, Guidence, Relaxation

Implications Of Lifecourse Epidemiology For Research On Determinants Of Adult Disease, Sze Yan Liu, R N. Jones, M Maria Glymour

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Many diseases commonly associated with aging are now thought to have social and physiologic antecedents in early life. Understanding how the timing of exposure to early life risk factors influences later-life health may illuminate mechanisms driving adult health inequalities and identify possible points for effective interventions. Recognizing chronic diseases as developing across the lifecourse also has implications for the conduct of research on adult risk factors for disease. We review alternative conceptual models that describe how the timing of risk factor exposure relates to the development of disease. We propose some expansions of lifecourse models to improve their relevance for …

Factors That Influence Organizational Commitment In Nurse Manager / Subordinate Dyads, Laurie Stegeman

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

According to Buerhaus, Auerbach and Staiger (2009), despite the current easing of the nursing shortage due to the recent recession and many nurses putting off retirement, the nursing shortage is projected to grow to approximately 260,000 registered nurses by the year 2025. Creating a work environment within nursing practice that is healthy and productive is essential to maintaining an adequate nursing workforce (Shirey, 2006). Nurse leaders play a vital role in creating work environments that are healthy, positive and productive. The problems associated with decreasing levels of organizational commitment (OC) among staff nurses ultimately resulting in losing dedicated, skilled nursing …

An Exploration Of "The 'Wild West' Of Reproductive Technology": Ethical And Feminist Perspectives On Sex-Selection Practices In The United States, Meredith Leigh Birdsall

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Diagnosing Conflict-Of-Interest Disorder, Lisa Cosgrove

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

In June 2010, the Association of American Medical Colleges issued the third and final portion of its conflict-of-interest policy initiatives. The task force on “Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Care” did not mince words when it described the impetus for these initiatives: “It is imperative that the possibility or perception of [financial conflict of interest] be advertently examined and appropriately evaluated to ensure that academic medicine in all of its missions is fundamentally dedicated to the welfare of patients and the improvement of public health.”

This report is especially timely because of recent questions raised by investigative journalists and policy …

Psychiatric Taxonomy, Psychopharmacology And Big Pharma, Lisa Cosgrove

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

Clinicians practicing today need to be aware of the ways in which the current industry-dominated climate may undermine the integrity of the scientific process and, thus, may compromise patient care. In the mental health field, corporate sponsorship bias can affect psychiatric taxonomy and clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). Financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) can occur when there are financial associations between researchers, authors, or panel members developing psychiatric diagnostic and treatment guidelines, and the pharmaceutical industry, or when randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are industry funded. Therefore, clinicians need to be especially vigilant about the informed consent process when patients are prescribed …

A Qualitative Study Of Coping In Mothers Of Children With An Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heather Miller Kuhaneck, Tajhma Burroughs, Jamie Wright, Theresa Lemanczyk, Amy Rowntree Darragh

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

A significant body of research exists that explores the stressors of raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are fewer studies, however, that examine specific effective coping strategies of mothers of children with an ASD. This qualitative study explored mothers’ perceptions of effective coping strategies for their parenting stressors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 mothers to inquire about their personal coping methods. Interviews were coded and emergent themes identified which included coping strategies such as “me time,” “planning,” “knowledge is power,” “sharing the load,” “lifting the restraints of labels,” and “recognizing the joys.” The information from …

Ada News - 11/01/2010, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Frequency And Characteristic Features Of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy In Patients With Viral Cirrhosis., Shahid Ahmed, Khalid Mumtaz, Umair Syed Ahmed, Hasnain Ali Shah, Shahab Abid, Saeed Hamid, Wasim Jafri

Section of Gastroenterology

To determine the frequency and specific characteristic features of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) in cirrhosis due to viral etiology. Cross-sectional descriptive study. The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from June 2006 till June 2008. Patients with hepatitis B and C cirrhosis were included who underwent screening esophago-gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for varices. Baveno III consensus statement was used for diagnosing PHG on endoscopy and divided them into two subgroups i.e. mild and severe. Data related to platelet/spleen ratio, MELD score and Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) score indicating severity of cirrhosis were recorded in all patients. Findings were compared by using independent sample …

Chart Rounds In The Digital Age: A Survey Of North American Institutions, M. A. Whiton, A. P. Dicker, E. J. Wuthrick, L. Doyle, A. S. Harrison, Y. R. Lawrence

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Purpose:

Recent reports of medical errors in radiaKon treatment delivery have emphasized the importance of quality assurance (QA) pracKces. Strict guidelines exist for medical physics QA, but not for QA procedures as applied to clinicians. We sought to document how clinical quality assurance (QA) meeKngs or “chart rounds” are performed across academic North American RadiaKon Oncology departments.

Intimidation And Disruptive Behaviors In The Health Care Setting, Janelle Wade

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Intimidation and disruptive behavior can undermine patient care and cause staff dissatisfaction and turnover of professionals in the health care setting. These behaviors have been linked to patient safety issues, nurse satisfaction, nurse retention, as well as ineffective communication and collaboration (Fontaine & Gerardi, 2005; Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), 2004; Martin, 2008; Rosenstein & O'Daniel, 2005). The Joint Commission has made recommendations to reduce the incidence of disruptive behaviors. Hospitals are being asked to take responsibility, hold physicians accountable for their actions, and address workplace intimidation (ISMP, 2004; Rosenstein & O'Daniel, 2005; The Joint Commission, July 2008). The …

Solar Radiation Damage To Human Skin Mitochondria, Luciene Zanchetta

Doctoral

The central objective of this study was to assess solar radiation-induced changes in cellular function, mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA to further investigate the role of these energy-dedicated and metabolically essential organelles in the response to the main environmental stressor associated with skin cancer initiation. An in vitro approach was chosen employing the human malignant melanoma (A375) and human amelanotic melanoma (C32) cells and the human spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). A Q-Sun Solar Simulator was used to expose cells to low-level simulated solar radiation (SSR) as it provides a mimic of solar radiation that is environmentally relevant in the UV …

Grown Up Congenital Heart Disease Patient Presenting For Non Cardiac Surgery: Anaesthetic Implications, Mohammad Hamid, Mansoor Ahmed Khan, Mohammad Irfan Akhtar, Hameedullah, Saleemullah, Khalid Samad, Fazal Hameed Khan

Department of Anaesthesia

Congenital heart disease patients surviving to adulthood have increased over the years due to various reasons. These patients are admitted in the hospital for non cardiac surgeries and other procedures more often than normal adult population. Management of grown up congenital heart disease patient presents a challenge during perioperative period for cardiologists, surgeons, intensivists and particularly for the anaesthetist. Management issues include psychological and physiological impact on the patient, complexity of defects, presence of previous palliative procedure, impact of anaesthetic agents on shunting and myocardium, endocarditis prophylaxis and associated extra cardiac anamolies.

Palliative Care: A Novel Solution To The Healthcare Crisis, R. Sean Morrison

Center for Policy Research

No abstract provided.

Transforming Grief: The Use Of Images During Bereavement In Mexico And The United States, Rebecca M. Reséndiz Rodriguez

School of Medicine Publications

According to the literature, bereavement photography was an important part of funeral rituals in many countries, including Mexicoand the United States. By the early to mid- 20^th century, the custom appeared to have fallen out of favor in both countries except in the case of neonatal bereavement photography, at least in theUnited States. By comparing participants from 2 distinct cultures - theUnited States andMexico - I hope to show that bereavement photography can still be a useful tool during grieving. Anxiety and depression related to the topic of death will be evaluated for differences or similarities between the 2 …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Quetiapine Versus Placebo In The Treatment Of Delirium, Tayyeb Tahir, Eamonn Eeles, Venugopal Karapareddy, Prem Muthuvelu, Sian Chapple, Bethan Phillips, Toyin Adyemo, Daniel Farewell, Jonathan I. Bisson

Brain and Mind Institute

Background

Delirium is a commonly occurring complex neuropsychiatric disorder. Evidence for its treatment based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is poor.

Aims

To determine the efficacy and acceptability of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium.

Method

A double-blind, RCT was conducted. A total of 42 patients were randomized to quetiapine or a placebo group. The primary outcome measure was the Delirium Rating Scale Revised 98. Other scales used were the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Global Improvement. In order to account for missing data, a nonlinear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the difference …

Wild-Type And Mutant Sod1 Share An Aberrant Conformation And A Common Pathogenic Pathway In Als., Daryl A Bosco, Gerardo Morfini, N Murat Karabacak, Yuyu Song, Francois Gros-Louis, Piera Pasinelli, Holly Goolsby, Benjamin A Fontaine, Nathan Lemay, Diane Mckenna-Yasek, Matthew P Frosch, Jeffrey N Agar, Jean-Pierre Julien, Scott T Brady, Robert H Brown

Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers

Many mutations confer one or more toxic function(s) on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) that impair motor neuron viability and cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Using a conformation-specific antibody that detects misfolded SOD1 (C4F6), we found that oxidized wild-type SOD1 and mutant SOD1 share a conformational epitope that is not present in normal wild-type SOD1. In a subset of human sporadic ALS (SALS) cases, motor neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord were markedly C4F6 immunoreactive, indicating that an aberrant wild-type SOD1 species was present. Recombinant, oxidized wild-type SOD1 and wild-type SOD1 immunopurified from SALS tissues inhibited kinesin-based fast axonal …

No Effect Of Exercise On Insulin-Like Growth Factor (Igf)-1, Insulin And Glucose In Young Women Participating In A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial, Andrea Y. Arikawa, Mindy S. Kurzer, William Thomas, Kathryn H. Schmitz

Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty Research and Scholarship

Introduction: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer.

Methods: We report our findings on the effects of 16 weeks of aerobic exercise on IGF axis proteins, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance of 319 young sedentary women.

Demographics, health surveys, body composition, dietary intake and blood samples were collected at baseline and 16 weeks. IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 were measured by ELISA’s.

Results: Exercise adherence was 88% and the dropout rates for the exercise and control groups were 21.7% and 14.5%, respectively. There …

Reducing Mislabeled Specimen Through Lean Processes., Kay Ruachfuss Msn, Rn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Relationship Of Personal, Familial, And Abuse-Specific Factors With Outcome Following Childhood Sexual Abuse, C. Thresa Yancey, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

An examination of the literature on factors related to outcome following child sexual abuse (CSA) revealed many factors that may contribute to symptoms displayed by victims. Factors are divided into three categories: Personal Factors, Familial Factors, and Abuse- Specific Factors. Personal factors are those inherent to the victim, including age, gender, developmental disability, attributions regarding the abuse, and treatment following abuse. Familial factors are defined as those factors associated with other family members. These include parental history of abuse, parental reaction to the disclosure, parental support of the victim, parental mental health, family stress, and treatment following abuse for the …

Pp32 (Anp32a) Expression Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth And Induces Gemcitabine Resistance By Disrupting Hur Binding To Mrnas., Timothy K Williams, Christina L Costantino, Nikolai A Bildzukewicz, Nathan G Richards, David W Rittenhouse, Lisa Einstein, Joseph A Cozzitorto, Judith C Keen, Abhijit Dasgupta, Myriam Gorospe, Gregory E Gonye, Charles J Yeo, Agnieszka K Witkiewicz, Jonathan R Brody

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

The expression of protein phosphatase 32 (PP32, ANP32A) is low in poorly differentiated pancreatic cancers and is linked to the levels of HuR (ELAV1), a predictive marker for gemcitabine response. In pancreatic cancer cells, exogenous overexpression of pp32 inhibited cell growth, supporting its long-recognized role as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. In chemotherapeutic sensitivity screening assays, cells overexpressing pp32 were selectively resistant to the nucleoside analogs gemcitabine and cytarabine (ARA-C), but were sensitized to 5-fluorouracil; conversely, silencing pp32 in pancreatic cancer cells enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity. The cytoplasmic levels of pp32 increased after cancer cells are treated with certain stressors, …

Canine Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitis, Leidy) And Risk Of Infection In Human, S. Tiawsirisup

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a filarial nematode which dogs, cats and some wildlife creatures are definitive hosts, and humans are accidental hosts. Life cycle of this nematode involves the development in the mosquito vector. Microfilaria released from a female nematode can be found in the definitive host's blood circulation and is required to develop into the third or infective stage larva in the mosquito. Infective stage larva will be released from infected mosquito's mouthpart into the host's skin during the course of taking the blood meal, develop into an adult stage in the definitive host, and reside in the …

ย่อวารสาร, อลิสา จันทร์ปี, สุรางค์ นุชประยูร

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

ดรรชนีผู้แต่งจุฬาลงกรณ์เวชสาร 2010, N/A

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

ดรรชนีบทความจุฬาลงกรณ์เวชสาร 201, N/A

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Cyclin E Regulator Cullin 3 Prevents Mouse Hepatic Progenitor Cells From Becoming Tumor-Initiating Cells, Uta Kossatz, Kai Breuhahn, Benita Wolf, Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski, Ludwig Wilkens, Doris Steinemann, Stephan Singer, Felicitas Brass, Stefan Kubicka, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Peter Schirmacher, Michael P. Manns, Jeffrey D. Singer, Nisar P. Malek

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cyclin E is often overexpressed in cancer tissue, leading to genetic instability and aneuploidy. Cullin 3 (Cul3) is a component of the BTB-Cul3-Rbx1 (BCR) ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the turnover of cyclin E. Here we show that liver-specific ablation of Cul3 in mice results in the persistence and massive expansion of hepatic progenitor cells. Upon induction of differentiation, Cul3-deficient progenitor cells underwent substantial DNA damage in vivo and in vitro, thereby triggering the activation of a cellular senescence response that selectively blocked the expansion of the differentiated offspring. Positive selection of undifferentiated progenitor cells required the expression of …