Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Motivational Interviewing For Smoking Cessation In College Students: A Group Randomized Controlled Trial, Kari J. Harris, Delwyn Catley, Glenn E. Good, Nikole J. Cronk, Solomon W. Harrar, Karen B. Williams

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective—To examine the efficacy of four individually-delivered Motivational Interviewing counseling sessions for smoking cessation versus a matched intensity comparison condition.

Method—From 2006–2009, students attending college in the Midwest smoking at least 1 of 30 days were recruited regardless of their interest in quitting. 30 fraternities and sororities were randomized, resulting in 452 participants.

Results—No significant differences were found for 30-day cessation between treatment and comparison at end of treatment (31.4% vs 28%, OR=1.20, 95% CI .72,1.99) or at follow-up (20.4% vs 24.6%, OR=.78, 95% CI .50,1.22). Predictors of cessation at follow-up, regardless of condition, included more sessions …

Chhs November E-Newsletter, Wku College Of Health & Human Services, Vashon S. Wells, Editor

College of Health & Human Services Publications

No abstract provided.

Optimising Maternal Sources Of Breastfeeding During The First Six Weeks Of Postpartum, Roslyn Tarrant, Katherine Younger, Margaret Sheridan-Pereira, John M. Kearney

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

An In Vitro Model For Pelger-Huët Anomaly, Ada L. Olins, Aurélie Ernst, Monika Zwerger, Harald Hermann, Donald E. Olins

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The principal human blood granulocyte (neutrophil) possesses a lobulated and deformable nucleus, important to facilitate rapid egress from blood vessels as these cells migrate to sites of bacterial or fungal infection. This unusual nuclear shape is a product of elevated levels of an integral membrane protein of the nuclear envelope lamin B receptor (LBR) and of decreased amounts of lamin A/C. In humans, a genetic deficiency of LBR produces Pelger-Huët anomaly, resulting in blood neutrophils that exhibit hypolobulated nuclei with redistributed heterochromatin. Structural changes in nuclear architecture occur during granulopoiesis within bone marrow. The exact mechanisms of this nuclear shape …

Food Assistance Programs And Mississippi Farmers Markets, Emily Broad, Elizabeth Bailey, Myra Blake, Lee Brand

Delta Directions: Publications

At a time when money is tight everywhere, things are particularly tough in Mississippi. The budget problems and high rates of unemployment that challenge other states are compounded in Mississippi by alarmingly high rates of obesity. One of the main causes of this dangerous health issue is that Mississippi’s poorest people have very little access to fresh fruits, vegetables, and other local farm products, despite recent growth in farmers markets across the state. Without access to healthy foods, this vulnerable population is left with unhealthy food alternatives that contribute to unhealthy weight gain. Barriers at the local, state and national …

Phase Iii, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation Of Pregabalin For Alleviating Hot Flashes, N07c1, Charles L. Loprinzi, Rui Qin, Ernie P. Baclueva, Donald J. Jurgens

Articles

PURPOSE:

Hot flashes are a common problem for which effective and safe treatments are needed. The current trial was conducted on the basis of preliminary promising data that pregabalin decreased hot flashes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial design was used to compare pregabalin at target doses of 75 mg twice daily and 150 mg twice daily with a placebo. Hot flash frequencies and scores (frequency times mean severity) were recorded daily during a baseline week and for six treatment weeks. The primary end point for this study was the change-from-baseline hot flash score during treatment week 6 …

Image And Video Disclosure Of Substance Use On Social Media Websites, Elizabeth M. Morgan, Chareen Snelson, Patt Elison-Bowers

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The present study examines young adults’ use of social media websites, such as MySpace, Facebook, and YouTube, to post public images and videos of themselves depicting alcohol consumption, inebriated behavior, or recreational marijuana use. A content analysis revealed that the majority of image and video representations of alcohol consumption depicted females in social gatherings while images and videos depicting marijuana use depicted solitary males. Videos typically were viewed frequently and gained positive ratings. Among a sample of college students, one-third of participants reported having posted a picture depicting substance use on a social networking site, with 97 percent aware that …

Our Health Matters: Promoting The Health Of Sexual Minority Women In The New Media Landscape, Brenda Kane

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The shifts occurring in the mediascape and the field of public health offer new opportunities for promoting the health and wellness of sexual minority women. As a population that has historically been underserved by the healthcare system, sexual minority women face multiple barriers to achieving positive health outcomes. They are often less likely to access preventive healthcare services and more likely to engage in risky behaviors that are detrimental to health than heterosexual women. Despite the significant health disparities among sexual minority women, studying this population has not been a priority in health research and there is little research-based evidence …

Hemispheric Differences In Specificity Effects In Talker Identification, Julio Gonza´Lez, Teresa Cervera-Crespo, Conor T. Mclennan

Psychology Faculty Publications

In the visual domain, Marsolek and colleagues (1999, 2008) have found support for two dissociable and parallel neural subsystems underlying object and shape recognition: an abstract-category subsystem that operates more effectively in the left cerebral hemisphere (LH), and a specific-exemplar subsystem that operates more effectively in the right cerebral hemisphere (RH). Evidence of this asymmetry has been observed in priming specificity for linguistic (words, pseudoword forms) and nonlinguistic (objects) stimuli. In the auditory domain, the authors previously found hemispheric asymmetries in priming effects for linguistic (spoken words) and nonlinguistic (environmental sounds) stimuli. In the present study, the same asymmetrical pattern …

Chloroquine Susceptibility And Reversibility In A Plasmodium Falciparum Genetic Cross, Jigar J. Patel, Drew Thacker, Jon C. Tan, Perri Pleeter, Lisa Checkley, Joseph M. Gonzales, Bingbing Deng, Paul D. Roepe, Roland A. Cooper, Michael T. Ferdig

Collected Faculty Scholarship

Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ) resistance transporter (PfCRT), are major determinants of verapamil (VP)-reversible CQ resistance (CQR). In the presence of mutant PfCRT, additional genes contribute to the wide range of CQ susceptibilities observed. It is not known if these genes influence mechanisms of chemosensitization by CQR reversal agents. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of progeny clones from the HB3 × Dd2 cross, we show that the P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) interacts with the Southeast Asiaderived mutant pfcrt haplotype to modulate CQR levels. A novel chromosome 7 locus is predicted to contribute with the …

Civilian Versus Military Trauma Management, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

In the 21st century, military and civilian trauma surgeons bring similar solutions to similar problems, learning one from another

What's Happening: November, 2010, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Critical Illness Myopathy, Salima Moez Meherali, Yasmin Parpio, Tazeen Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a syndrome of widespread muscle weakness and neurological dysfunction which can develop in critically ill patients receiving intensive care. CIM are often distinguished largely on the basis of specialized electrophysiologic testing or muscle and nerve biopsy and its causes are unknown, though they are thought to be a possible neurological manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome usually developing in patients after a brief period of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This case report aims to analyze the Clinical feature, diagnosis and treatment of CIM of 60 years old male case with Chronic Obstructive …

Intracranial Cavernous Angiomas, Syed Faraz Kazim, Atta-Ul-Aleem Bhatti, Ather Enam

Section of Neurosurgery

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of patients presenting with intracranial cavernous angiomas (CAs) at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Section of Neurosurgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, from January 1990 to September 2008.
Methodology: A retrospective case note review of all patients diagnosed with intracranial CAs at AKUH during the study period. The studied variables included patient demographics, clinical presentation, family history of intracranial CAs or other space occupying lesions, modality of diagnosis, management, and outcome. Results were described as frequency percentages.
Results: During …

Cardiac Surgery In Octogenarians, Asmatullah Khan, Hassan Khan, Saulat H. Fatimi, Asadullah Khan

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

In Europe and North America, cardiac surgery can be done successfully on octogenarians, but differences in patient selection, surgical and bypass techniques prevent us from concluding similarly in Pakistan. This study investigated the short and long-term outcomes of cardiac surgery in octogenarians operated over a 5 years period at The Aga Khan University Hospital, from January 2001 to December 2006. Seventeen octogenarians, (mean age 81.7 ± 2.3) underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Thirty-days hospital mortality was reported in only 1 patient. Surgical complication of any kind was reported in 13 (76.5%) patients with pleural effusion being the commonest in …

Age-Related Changes In Types And Contexts Of Physical Activity In Middle School Girls, Russell R. Pate, James F. Sallis, Dianne S. Ward, June Stevens, Gregory J. Welk, Deborah Rohm Young, Jared B. Jobe, Patricia K. Strikmiller

Faculty Publications

Background - Because girls are less physically active than boys, it is important to understand the types of activities preferred by girls, and changes in those preferences over time, in order to design effective physical activity interventions.

Purpose - To describe developmental trends in participation in specific forms of physical activity in 6th- and 8th-grade girls.

Methods - Data for this study are from the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls. Self-reported physical activity, anthropometric, and demographic data were collected from random cross sections of 6th-grade girls in 36 middle schools in six U.S. communities. The same data were collected …

Step Counts Of Non-White Minority Children And Youth By Gender, Grade Level, Race/Ethnicity, And Mode Of School Transportation, Tyler G. Johnson, Timothy A. Brusseau, Paul W. Darst, Pamela H. Kulinna, Janel White-Taylor

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The purposes of this study were to describe and analyze the steps/d of nonwhite minority children and youth by gender, grade level, race/ethnicity, and mode of school transportation. A secondary purpose was to compare the steps/d of minority children and youth to their Caucasian grade-level counterparts. Methods: Participants were 547 minority youth grades 5 to 8 from 4 urban schools. Participants wore sealed pedometers for 6 consecutive week/school days. Three hundred and ten participants responded to a questionnaire concerning their mode of transportation to and from school. Results: Statistical analyses indicated a main effect for gender (F(3,546) …

New Dentist News (Novermber 2010), Ada Committee On The New Dentist

New Dentist News

New Dentist News offers timely information on scientific, social, educational, political and economic developments affecting new dentists. This collection is historical and items may not reflect current standards. For up-to-date information contact the ADA. The New Dentist News was alternately titled ADA Lifeline, 1997-June 2001.

A Severe Case Of Necrotizing Fasciitis Of The Abdomen: A Survivor Story, Karin Mcconville Md, Dale A. Dangleben Md, Rovinder S. Sandhu Md

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Back To The Suture: The Two 5 Mm Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy, James Lee Md, Margaret Moore Md, Dale A. Dangleben Md

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Barcoding In The Ed: Who Said It Couldn’T Be Done?, Neil Kocher Rn, Cen, Charlotte Buckenmyer Rn, Ms, Susan Teti Bsn, Rn, Tara Lynne Sell Bsn, Rn., Diane Haines Msn, Rn, Cen, Neil Kocher, Peggy Borton

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Diffusion Weighted Mr Imaging (Dwi) And Adc Values In Endometrial Carcinoma, Imrana Masroor, Muhammad Zeeshan, Shaista Afzal, Nadeem Ahmad, Gulnaz Shafqat

Department of Radiology

Objective: To determine the sensitivity of MR imaging utilizing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detection of endometrial cancer and to compare the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values of malignant and normal endometrium.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, from January 2007 to December 2009. Methodology: Patients were defined as undergoing MRI for suspected endometrial malignancy, and the controls were female subjects who underwent MRI examination for indications other than endometrial malignancy. Studied variables included the signal characteristics of the endometrium and ADC values. The sensitivity of DWI for the …

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Alters Left Ventricular Function And Activates Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (Nf-Kappab) In A Time And Dose Dependent Manner, David A. Tiangco, Sapna Halcomb, Frank A. Lattanzio Jr, Barbara Y. Hargrave

Bioelectrics Publications

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an illicit psychoactive drug with cardiovascular effects that have not been fully described. In the current study, we observed the effects of acute MDMA on rabbit left ventricular function. We also observed the effects of MDMA on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity in cultured rat ventricular myocytes (H9c2). In the rabbit, MDMA (2 mg/kg) alone caused a significant increase in heart rate and a significant decrease in the duration of the cardiac cycle. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by pretreatment with L-NAME (10 mg/kg) alone caused significant dysfunction in heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, …

Building Capacity For Public And Population Health Research In Africa: The Consortium For Advanced Research Training In Africa (Carta) Model, Alex C. Ezeh, Chimaraoke O. Izugbara, Caroline W. Kabiru, Sharon Fonn, Kathleen Kahn, Lenore Manderson, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Margaret Thorogood, Ashiwel S. Undieh

Publications and Research

Background: Globally, sub-Saharan Africa bears the greatest burden of disease. Strengthened research capacity to understand the social determinants of health among different African populations is key to addressing the drivers of poor health and developing interventions to improve health outcomes and health systems in the region. Yet, the continent clearly lacks centers of research excellence that can generate a strong evidence base to address the region’s socio-economic and health problems. Objective and program overview: We describe the recently launched Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), which brings together a network of nine academic and four research institutions from …

Dysregulation Of The Mitogen Granulin In Human Cancer Through The Mir-15/107 Microrna Gene Group, Wang-Xia Wang, Natasha Kyprianou, Xiaowei Wang, Peter T. Nelson

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Granulin (GRN) is a potent mitogen and growth factor implicated in many human cancers, but its regulation is poorly understood. Recent findings indicate that GRN is regulated strongly by the microRNA miR-107, which functionally overlaps with miR-15, miR-16, and miR-195 due to a common 5′ sequence critical for target specificity. In this study, we queried whether miR-107 and paralogs regulated GRN in human cancers. In cultured cells, anti-argonaute RNA coimmunoprecipitation with downstream microarray analyses indicates that GRN mRNA is directly targeted by numerous miR-15/107 miRNAs. We further tested this association in human tumors. MiR-15 and miR-16 are known to be …

Transitioning From First Episode Psychosis Treatment To Prodrome: Lessons And Outcomes From The East Program In Oregon Usa, Ryan P. Melton, Robert Wolf

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This presentation discusses the outcomes of the Early Detection in Preventing Psychosis (EDIPP) model.

Automated Classification Of Breast Pathology Using Local Measures Of Broadband Reflectance, Ashley M. Laughney, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Pilar Beatriz Garcia-Allende, Olga M. Conde, Wendy A. Wells, Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

We demonstrate that morphological features pertinent to a tissue's pathology may be ascertained from localized measures of broadband reflectance, with a mesoscopic resolution (100-μm lateral spot size) that permits scanning of an entire margin for residual disease. The technical aspects and optimization of a k-nearest neighbor classifier for automated diagnosis of pathologies are presented, and its efficacy is validated in 29 breast tissue specimens. When discriminating between benign and malignant pathologies, a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 77% was achieved. Furthermore, detailed subtissue-type analysis was performed to consider how diverse pathologies influence scattering response and overall classification efficacy. The …

Rhnull: A Rare Blood Group Phenotype, Adnan Qureshi, Muhammad Salman, Bushra Moiz

Section of Internal Medicine

Rhnull phenotype is a rare blood group characterized by the lack of expression of all Rh antigens (D, C, c, E and e) on the red cells. The phenotype is further classified into the regulator and amorph type based on underlying genetic defect. The clinical significance of its recognition is that such patients suffer from Rhnull syndrome associated with osmotically fragile red cells called stomatocytes with subsequent chronic haemolytic anaemia of varying degree. Another importance is that such subjects readily form alloantibodies on exposure to Rh antigens. We report herein rare Rhaull phenotype in a young pregnant female which was …

Nfκb Activation And Stimulation Of Chemokine Production In Normal Human Macrophages By The Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Omniscan: Possible Role In The Pathogenesis Of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis., Francesco Del Galdo, Peter J Wermuth, Sankar Addya, Paolo Fortina, Sergio A Jimenez

Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine Papers and Presentations

OBJECTIVE: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a generalised fibrotic disorder occurring in certain individuals with renal insufficiency exposed to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdBCA) for MRI. Histopathological examination of affected tissues shows increased numbers of activated macrophages. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for macrophage activation, the effects of the GdBCA Omniscan on normal human macrophage global gene expression, chemokine production and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation was examined.

METHODS: Normal human monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with Omniscan (50 mM) and their gene expression analysed by microarrays and real-time PCR. Macrophage chemokine production was assayed by multiplex ELISA. NFκB activation was assessed …

Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Review Of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms., Anthony Flynn, Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Paul J Mather

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Cardiac dysfunction is a well-recognized complication of severe sepsis and septic shock. Cardiac dysfunction in sepsis is characterized by ventricular dilatation, reduction in ejection fraction and reduced contractility. Initially, cardiac dysfunction was considered to occur only during the "hypodynamic" phase of shock. But we now know that it occurs very early in sepsis even during the "hyperdynamic" phase of septic shock. Circulating blood-borne factors were suspected to be involved in the evolution of sepsis induced cardiomyopathy, but it is not until recently that the cellular and molecular events are being targeted by researchers in a quest to understand this enigmatic …