Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Deregulation Of Muc4 In Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Potential Pathobiological Implication In Poorly Differentiated Non-Signet Ring Cell Type Gastric Cancer., S. Senapati, P. Chaturvedi, P. Sharma, G Venkatraman, Jane L. Meza, W. El-Rifai, H. K. Roy, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MUC4 is a large, heavily glycosylated transmembrane mucin, that is implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of cancers. To date, no extensive study has been done to check the expression and functional significance of MUC4 in different types of gastric adenocarcinomas. Here, we report the expression profile of MUC4 in gastric adenocarcinomas and its function in poorly differentiated gastric non-signet ring cell carcinoma (non-SRCC) type cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray (TMA) showed a significant difference in MUC4 expression between normal adjacent (n = 45) and gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 83; P < 0.001). MUC4 expression was not associated with tumour type, stage or with the degree of differentiation. To gain further insight into the significance of MUC4 expression in gastric non-SRCC cells, MUC4 was ectopically expressed in AGS, a poorly differentiated gastric non-signet ring cell line. The MUC4 overexpressing cells (AGS-MUC4) showed a significant increase (P < 0.005) in cell motility and a decrease in cellular aggregation as compared with the vector-transfected cells. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity analysis revealed that animals transplanted with the MUC4 overexpressing cells (AGS-MUC4) had a greater incidence of tumours (83%) in comparison to empty vector control (17%). In addition, the expression of MUC4 resulted in enhanced expression of total cellular ErbB2 and phosphorylated ErbB2. In conclusion, our results showed that MUC4 is overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, and that it has a role in promoting aggressive properties in poorly differentiated gastric non-SRCC cells through the activation of the ErbB2 oncoprotein.

Ada News - 09/15/2008, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Acute Atomoxetine Treatment Of Younger And Older Children With Adhd: A Meta-Analysis Of Tolerability And Efficacy., Christopher J. Kratochvil, Denái R. Milton, Brigette S. Vaughan, Laurence L. Greenhill

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

BACKGROUND: Atomoxetine is FDA-approved as a treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients aged 6 years to adult. Among pediatric clinical trials of atomoxetine to date, six with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design were used in this meta-analysis. The purpose of this article is to describe and compare the treatment response and tolerability of atomoxetine between younger children (6-7 years) and older children (8-12 years) with ADHD, as reported in these six acute treatment trials.

METHODS: Data from six clinical trials of 6-9 weeks duration were pooled, yielding 280 subjects, ages 6-7 years, and 860 subjects, ages 8-12 years with …

Off-Label Psychopharmacologic Prescribing For Children: History Supports Close Clinical Monitoring., Julie M. Zito, Albert T. Derivan, Christopher J. Kratochvil, Daniel J. Safer, Joerg M. Fegert, Laurence L. Greenhill

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

The review presents pediatric adverse drug events from a historical perspective and focuses on selected safety issues associated with off-label use of medications for the psychiatric treatment of youth. Clinical monitoring procedures for major psychotropic drug classes are reviewed. Prior studies suggest that systematic treatment monitoring is warranted so as to both minimize risk of unexpected adverse events and exposures to ineffective treatments. Clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety of drugs currently being used off-label in the pediatric population are needed. In the meantime, clinicians should consider the existing evidence-base for these drugs and institute close clinical monitoring.

Disease, Denial, And Support: The Many Kinds Of Family, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Atypical Onset As Predictor Of Poor Outcome In Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Psle), A Taddio, E Rossetto, L Lepore, A C. Brescia, C Bracaglia, S Caminiti, E Cortis, D Rigante, A Stabile, M Montico, L Ronfani, C D. Rosé

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Poster Presentation.

Interneuron Subtypes Are Differentially Altered In Malformed, Epileptogenic Cortex, Amanda George

Theses and Dissertations

The propensity for seizures in patients with epilepsy is due to underlying cortical hyperexcitability, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Particularly difficult to treat are patients with developmental malformations of cortex. Using the freeze-lesion rat model of one such malformation, polymicrogyria, we identified, in lesioned cortex, alterations in specific interneuron subpopulations that may promote hyperexcitability. Previous studies demonstrate increased excitatory input to the paramicrogyral region. An increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from pyramidal cells has also been shown. We report an increase in sEPSCs recorded from one subtype of interneuron, the low threshold-spiking …

Unforeseen Misuses Of Bed Nets In Fishing Villages Along Lake Victoria, Noboru Minakawa, Gabriel O. Dida, Gorge O. Sonye, Kyoko Futami, Satoshi Kaneko

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background. To combat malaria, the Kenya Ministry of Health and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have distributed insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for use over beds, with coverage for children under five years of age increasing rapidly. Nevertheless, residents of fishing villages have started to use these bed nets for drying fish and fishing in Lake Victoria. This study investigated the extent of bed net misuse in fishing villages. Methods. Seven fishing villages along the lake were surveyed to estimate how widely bed nets were being used for fishing and drying fish. Villagers were asked why they used the bed nets for such purposes. …

Reflection On 2017 Lilly Conference In Traverse City, Holly Grieves

Academic Leadership Academy

The Lilly Conference in Traverse City offers sessions on enhancing group presentations and team projects, ideas for creation of service-learning opportunities, strategies for engaging millennial students in course content, training in innovative presentation platforms, methods of supplemental instruction and techniques to facilitate critical thinking in the classroom.

The Department of Occupational Therapy is in the midst of making significant curricular revisions as we transition rom a master’s degree program to an entry-level doctoral program. Attendance at the Lilly Conference assisted in the refinement of teaching methods for existing courses and contributed to the development of teaching methods for new course …

Alma-Ata: Rebirth And Revision 8 - Primary Health Care: Making Alma-Ata A Reality, John Walley, Joy E. Lawn, Anne Tinker, Andres De Francisco, Mickey Chopra, Igor Rudan, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Robert E. Black

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The principles agreed at Alma-Ata 30 years ago apply just as much now as they did then. "Health for all" by the year 2000 was not achieved, and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for 2015 will not be met in most low-income countries without substantial acceleration of primary health care. Factors have included insufficient political prioritisation of health, structural adjustment policies, poor governance, population growth, inadequate health systems, and scarce research and assessment on primary health care. We propose the following priorities for revitalising primary health care. Health-service infrastructure, including human resources and essential drugs, needs strengthening, and user fees …

Human Brain Contains A Novel Non-At1, Non-At2 Binding Site For Active Angiotensin Peptides, Vardan T. Karamyan, Craig A. Stockmeier, Robert C. Speth

HPD Articles

AIMS: To determine whether the novel non-AT1, non-AT2 binding site for angiotensins recently discovered in rodent brains occurs in the human brain. MAIN METHODS: Radioligand binding assays of (125)I-sarcosine(1), isoleucine(8) angiotensin II binding were carried out in homogenates of the rostral pole of the temporal cortex of human brains containing 0.3 mM parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), 10 microM losartan to saturate AT1 receptors, 10 microM PD123319 to saturate AT2 receptors, with or without 10 microM angiotensin II to define specific binding. Competition binding assays employed a variety of angiotensin peptides, specific angiotensin receptor antagonists, several neuropeptides and an endopeptidase inhibitor to determine …

Heighway, David (Fa 322), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project 322. Paper: "Medicine and the Catholic Church" written by David Heighway for a Western Kentucky University folk studies class.

Emerging Issues In Forensic Dna Profiling: Databases And Advisory Boards, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Analysis Of Hiv-1 Subtypes In Nairobi, Kenya, Suhail Khoja, Peter Ojwang, Saeed Khan, Nancy Okinda, Reena Harania, Syed Ali

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Genetic analysis of a viral infection helps in following its spread in a given population, in tracking the routes of infection and, where applicable, in vaccine design. Additionally, sequence analysis of the viral genome provides information about patterns of genetic divergence that may have occurred during viral evolution.

Objective: In this study we have analyzed the subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus -1 (HIV-1) circulating in a diverse sample population of Nairobi, Kenya.

Methodology: 69 blood samples were collected from a diverse subject population attending the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Total DNA was extracted from peripheral blood …

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying A Cellular Analog Of Operant Reward Learning, Fred D Lorenzetti, Douglas A Baxter, John H Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Operant conditioning is a ubiquitous but mechanistically poorly understood form of associative learning in which an animal learns the consequences of its behavior. Using a single-cell analog of operant conditioning in neuron B51 of Aplysia, we examined second-messenger pathways engaged by activity and reward and how they may provide a biochemical association underlying operant learning. Conditioning was blocked by Rp-cAMP, a peptide inhibitor of PKA, a PKC inhibitor, and by expressing a dominant-negative isoform of Ca2+-dependent PKC (apl-I). Thus, both PKA and PKC were necessary for operant conditioning. Injection of cAMP into B51 mimicked the effects of operant conditioning. Activation …

Cost-Efficient Treatment Options For Uninsured Or Underinsured Patients For Five Common Conditions, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy, Neil E. Peterson, Joey Wilkinson

Faculty Publications

The nurse practitioner's (NP's) role in providing quality care continues to evolve, concurrent with the ever-evolving health care system. With an influx of uninsured and underinsured patients, NPs must not only provide high-quality health care, they must also address cost-efficient treatment options for patients who cannot afford expensive medications. Familiarity with the cost of medications and prescribing cost-efficient medications are valuable tools NPs can use to encourage patient compliance with a specific care regimen, consequently improving the overall health of uninsured or underinsured individuals. Knowledge of patient assistance programs may also assist NPs in decreasing prescription drug costs for patients. …

Intravenous Inoculation Of Silver-Haired Bat Rabies Virus, But Not Of A Canine Strain, Elicits Lethal Encephalophathy In Mice By Fast Brain Invasion Via Neurosecretory Hypothalamic Fibers, Mirjam Ar Preuss, Marie-Luise Faber, Gene S. Tan, Bernhard Dietzschold, Matthias J. Schnell, Eberhard Weihe

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Icpd To Mdgs: Missing Links And Common Grounds., Farina G Abrejo, Babar Shaikh, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

The ICPD agenda of reproductive health was declared as the most comprehensive one, which had actually broadened the spectrum of reproductive health and drove the states to embark upon initiatives to improve reproductive health status of their populations. However, like all other countries, Pakistan also seems to have shifted focus of its policies and programs towards achieving MDGs. As a result, concepts highlighted in the ICPD got dropped eventually. In spite of specific goals on maternal and child mortalities in MDGs and all the investment and policy shift, Pakistan has still one of the highest maternal mortality ratios among developing …

Light-Dependant Biostabilisation Of Sediments By Stromatolite Assemblages, David M. Paterson, Rebecca J. Aspden, Pieter T. Visscher, Mireille Consalvey, Miriam S. Andres, Alan W. Decho, John F. Stolz, R. Pamela Reid

Faculty Publications

For the first time we have investigated the natural ecosystem engineering capacity of stromatolitic microbial assemblages. Stromatolites are laminated sedimentary structures formed by microbial activity and are considered to have dominated the shallows of the Precambrian oceans. Their fossilised remains are the most ancient unambiguous record of early life on earth. Stromatolites can therefore be considered as the first recognisable ecosystems on the planet. However, while many discussions have taken place over their structure and form, we have very little information on their functional ecology and how such assemblages persisted despite strong eternal forcing from wind and waves. The capture …

The Community-Driven Approach To Environmental Exposures: How A Community-Based Participatory Research Program Analyzing Impacts Of Environmental Exposure On Lupus Led To A Toxic Site Cleanup, Julien A. Terrell, Edith M. Williams, Christine M. Murekeyisoni, Robert Watkins, Laurene Tumiel-Berhalter

Faculty Publications

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a mechanism to improve environmental quality in communities primarily inhabited by minorities or low income families. A collaborative partnership between the University at Buffalo and the Toxic Waste Lupus Coalition was formed to investigate the high prevalence of lupus in the area and whether cases of disease were linked to chemicals found at a nearby New York State Superfund site in East Buffalo. The purpose of the study was to use CBPR practices to educate impacted residents and enable their participation in efforts to get a nearby contaminated waste site remediated. Community members were active …

Derivatives Of Mithramycin And Methods Of Making And Uses Thereof, Jürgen Rohr, Lily L. Remsing, Mohammad Ner-E-Alam, Jose A. Salas, Carmen Mendez, Alfredo F. Brana, Ana M. Gonzalez

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The invention, in one aspect, generally relates to mithramycin derivatives from mutated Streptomyces argillaceus and their production. The invention also relates using the derivatives for the treatment of various diseases. Finally, the invention relates to a mutated Streptomyces argillaceus useful in the production of the mithramycin derivatives.

Coping With Clinical Challenges Of Risk-Assessment, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

A 53-Year-Old Male Iron Foreman Dies After Fall From Steel Decking, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Falls

During the fall of 2007, a 53-year-old male iron foreman died when he fell approximately 18 feet from roofing being installed on a retail building under new construction. Two work crews were installing metal decking for a roof by laying corrugated metal sheets to the joists of a retail building being constructed. All workers wore personal fall arrest systems complete with lanyards on the roof; none of the workers were tied off to the building. The foreman had accessed the work site via a 32-foot extension ladder to check on the progress of the work. After speaking to the first …

Presence Of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma In Situ In Complex Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia Is Associated With Increased Incidence Of Endometrial Carcinoma In Subsequent Hysterectomy., Khush Mittal, Matjaz Sebenik, Cybil Irwin, Zhijije Yan, Dorota Popiolek, John Curtin, Juan Palazzo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The distinction of complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia from endometrial adenocarcinoma is often problematic. Foci of back-to-back arrangement of glands or foci of cribriform arrangement of glands smaller than 2.1 mm in diameter are considered insufficient for the diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma by some authors, and sufficient to be diagnosed as endometrial adenocarcinoma by other authors. We refer to these foci as endometrial adenocarcinoma in situ. In this study, we evaluated findings in subsequent hysterectomy in complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients with and without adenocarcinoma in situ. Follow-up findings, including the presence or absence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in the hysterectomy specimen, …

The Fgf System Has A Key Role In Regulating Vascular Integrity, Masahiro Murakami, Loc T. Nguyen, Zhen W. Zhang, Karen L. Moodie, Pater Carmellet, Radu V. Stan, Michael Simons

Dartmouth Scholarship

The integrity of the endothelial monolayer is essential to blood vessel homeostasis and active regulation of endothelial permeability. The FGF system plays important roles in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions; however, its role in the adult vasculature has not been defined. To assess the role of the FGF system in the adult endothelial monolayer, we disrupted FGF signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells and human saphenous vein endothelial cells in vitro and in adult mouse and rat endothelial cells in vivo using soluble FGF traps or a dominant inhibitor of all FGF receptors. The inhibition of FGF …

The Bile Response Repressor Brer Regulates Expression Of The Vibrio Cholerae Breab Efflux System Operon, Francisca A. Cerda-Maira, Carol S. Ringelberg, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Enteric pathogens have developed several resistance mechanisms to survive the antimicrobial action of bile. We investigated the transcriptional profile of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strain C6706 under virulence gene-inducing conditions in the presence and absence of bile. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 119 genes was affected by bile. The mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins involved in transport were increased in the presence of bile, whereas the mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins involved in pathogenesis and chemotaxis were decreased. This study identified genes encoding transcriptional regulators from the TetR family (vexR and breR) and …

Analysis Of The Mechanism Of Transferrin-Iron Acquisition By Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Noto Jennifer Mcmillan

Theses and Dissertations

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that requires iron for its survival within the host. N. gonorrhoeae expresses high-affinity iron acquisition systems to acquire iron from host iron binding proteins. The gonococcal transferrin-iron uptake system is composed of two transferrin binding proteins, TbpA and TbpB. TbpA is a TonB-dependent, outer membrane transporter, while TbpB is a surface-exposed lipoprotein. Unlike TbpA, TbpB is not required for transferrin utilization, but makes the process more efficient. The precise mechanism by which TbpA and TbpB function to mediate transferrin-iron uptake has not been fully characterized. However, the mechanism of iron acquisition from transferrin …

Identification Of Pharmacological And Molecular Mechanisms Involved In Nicotine Withdrawal, Kia Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

Tobacco dependence is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Despite currently available smoking cessation therapies, there is a high rate of relapse in smoking among those attempting to quit. While the somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal (insomnia, increased appetite, weight gain) contribute to the continuation of smoking behavior, it has been hypothesized that the affective signs (depression, anxiety, craving, irritability) are greater motivators of relapse and continued tobacco use. There are few studies that assess the molecular and receptor-mediated mechanisms of nicotine withdrawal; therefore, our studies focus on identifying the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and …

Designation Of Medically Underserved And Health Professional Shortage Areas: Analysis Of The Public Comments On The Withdrawn Proposed Regulation, Emily Jones, Leighton C. Ku, Joseph Lippi, Ramona Whittington, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

In February 2008, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) proposed new regulations that would have modified and combined the Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) and Medically Underserved Area/Population (MUA/P) designation processes. The comment period was extended twice in response to the large volume of comments, through June 30th. On July 23rd, HRSA effectively withdrew the proposed rule, announcing that in light of its preliminary review of comments, the agency had elected to develop a new proposal. This Research Brief highlights some of the salient issues surrounding the proposed rule, based on an analysis of the public comments by researchers …

A Model Of Holistic Nursing As A Pathway To Nurse Self-Care, Kristin Mchale

Theses and Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project is to develop a model of holistic nursing practice as a pathway to nurse self-care. Specifically, this project integrates nursing theory, relevant literature, and reflection on holistic nursing practice. The significance of the project is identified as the current low priority of nurse self-care and the need for nurse self-healing- Additionally, holistic nursing, as a pathway to nurse self-care, is examined through the theoretical lens of Jean Watson. Furthermore, literature and research are examined in the areas of (t) the meaning of the holistic nursing experience, (2) self-care and complementary, alternative medicine use by nurses, …