Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Screening And Assessing Immigrant And Refugee Youth In School-Based Mental Health Programs, Dina Birman, Wing-Yi Chan

Center for Health and Health Care in Schools

According to the 2000 Census, 1 of every 5 children in the United States is a child of immigrants – either a child who is an immigrant or has at least one immigrant parent. While most children who experience mental health problems have limited access to help, children who have migrated to this country, especially under difficult circumstances, face particular challenges. Providers may be unfamiliar with their culture or the way that their culture understands mental health issues; children and their caregivers may not speak English, and the tools developed to identify and treat children with mental health needs may …

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Common In Primary Hypothyroidism, Abdul Jabbar, Aasma Yawar, Sabiha Waseem, Najmul Islam, Naeem Ul Haque, Lubna Zuberi, Ataullah Khan, J. Akhter

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and clinical features of B12 deficiency in hypothyroid patients and to evaluate clinical response in symptoms to B12 replacement therapy.

METHODS: One hundred and sixteen hypothyroid patients from our endocrine clinic were evaluated for signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. Laboratory parameters including Haemoglobin (Hb), MCV, Vitamin B12 levels and presence of anti thyroid antibodies were analyzed. Patients with low B12 levels were treated with parenteral intramuscular vitamin B12 monthly, and monitored for improvement of symptoms.

RESULTS: A total of 116 patients (95 females and 21 males) were evaluated. Forty six (39.6%) hypothyroid patients …

Food Restriction Compromises Immune Memory In Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus) By Reducing Spleen-Derived Antibody-Producing B Cell Numbers, Lynn B. Martin, Kristen J. Navara, Michael T. Bailey, Chelsea R. Hutch, Nicole D. Powell, John F. Sheridan, Randy J. Nelson

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

Immune activity is variable in many wild animals, despite presumed strong selection against immune incompetence. Much variation may be due to changes in prevalence and abundance of pathogens (and/or their vectors) in time and space, but the costs of immune defenses themselves may also be important. Induction of immune activity often increases energy and protein expenditure, sometimes to the point of compromising fitness. Whether immune defenses are expensive to maintain once they are generated, however, is less well appreciated. If so, organisms would face persistent challenges of allocating resources between immunity and other expensive physiological processes, which would mandate trade-offs. …

Physical Activity And Neighborhood Resources In High School Girls, Russell R. Pate, Natalie Colabianchi, Dwayne E. Porter, Maria João C. A. Almeida, Felipe Lobelo, Marsha Dowda

Faculty Publications

Background - Physical activity behavior is influenced by a person's physical environment, but few studies have used objective measures to study the influences of the physical environment on physical activity behavior in youth. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between selected neighborhood physical activity resources and physical activity levels in high school girls.

Methods - Participants were students in schools that had participated in a large physical activity intervention trial. The 3-Day Physical Activity Recall was completed by 1506 12th-grade girls. Data on physical activity facilities and resources in the participating communities were collected using a …

Ciliary Dysfunction In Polycystic Kidney Disease: An Emerging Model With Polarizing Potential, Robert J. Kolb, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The majority of different cell types in the human body have a cilium, a thin rod-like structure of uniquely arranged microtubules that are encapsulated by the surface plasma membrane. The cilium originates from a basal body, a mature centriole that has migrated and docked to the cell surface. The non-motile cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are generally considered sensory structures. The purpose of this review is to discuss the practicality of the ciliary hypothesis as a unifying concept for polycystic kidney disease and to review current literature in the field of cilium biology, as it relates to mechanosensation and planar …

The Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network: Overview And Recent Drug Trends, Robert G. Carlson, Russel S. Falck

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Making Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators Real In Ambulatory Care, Beth Ann Swan

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

Pay for performance initiatives are changing the quality landscape.

Gaps exist in quantifying and linking ambulatory care quality indicators to care provided by nurses in ambulatory care.

Ambulatory care quality indicators that are sensitive to nursing care, standardized, and tested need to be identified and adopted by ambulatory care nurses, ambulatory care provider organizations, professional organizations, and endorsed by a consensus organization.

Discipline, Facial Affect Recognition And Self-Efficacy, Julie Harris

Graduate Theses

The present study explored facial affect recognition, discipline and self-efficacy correlates, predicted using the Social Cognitive Theory framework. A sample of undergraduate students (N—114) from The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, were surveyed on parental style, discipline, self-efficacy, and then tested for facial affect recognition. The results indicated that participants reporting more corporal punishment scored lower on facial affect than those reporting less corporal punishment (p < .05). No significance was found for corporal punishment and self-efficacy (p > .05). The parental style of the father emerged as a significant predictor for the relationship between corporal punishment and facial affect recognition (p < .05). Results appear to support the idea that the social environment parents, especially fathers, create via discipline may hinder ability to interpret emotion. One important implication of this study is that paternal influence may be more vital to emotional detection development than previously considered.

St Segment Resolution Post Mi--A Predictor Of Better Outcomes, Shuja-Ur-Rehman, Sidrah Sheikh, Mohsin Nazeer

Section of Cardiology

OBJECTIVE: To compare, the post Myocardial Infarction in-patient outcome of patients with early ST resolution to those without ST resolution on ECG, in a South Asian population.METHODS: This was a prospective study done at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Consecutive patients of ST elevation myocardial infarction, who were not treated with primary angioplasty but were thrombolysed were recruited at the time of arrival in the emergency department. Streptokinase was administered to all patients as the agent of thrombolysis. ECG was acquired at baseline and at 60 minutes post streptokinase administration. Patients were subsequently divided into two groups (A) Patients …

The Unifying Dilemma Of The Pakistani Science Journals, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

An Ethnography Study Of Hiv Positive Midlife Black Women, Charlotte Stoudmire Phd

Dissertations

Black women, ages 45 and older, are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2001, Black women comprised 11% of all older women in the United States; however, they accounted for more than 50% of AIDS cases and more than 65% of HIV cases (Winningham et al., 2004). The literature review reflected little research specifically looking at the reason(s) for the increase in HIV in Black women, ages 45 to 60. Furthermore, few research studies focused on HIV patient health beliefs and their experiences in living with HIV. This study was conducted with an ethnography research method coupled with the …

Broken Masks: A Study In Sanity, Jessica Ann Schmidt

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

"Broken Masks: A Study in Sanity" is a mixed work of fiction and nonfiction short stories that explore the lives of people who are off center of normal. Some of the protagonists are different because of psychological trauma, some are different because of the circumstances of their birth, and some are different because what is normal to them seems horrific to the reader. The idea of the mask, sense of Self or social role, has interested me since my undergraduate days in psychology, and I have attempted to blend current psychological understanding of trauma and psyche with fictional and nonfictional …

Nanomaterials And Nanotechnologies: Approaching The Crest Of This Big Wave, Vuk Uskoković

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Nanomaterials are typically considered as solid physical structures that comprise grain boundaries at the resolution of less than 100 nanometers, whereby nanotechnologies are depicted as dealing with the design of various applications based on employing the former. Some of the essential features of nanomaterials and the scientific approaches to their investigation are discussed in the course of this work. The real reason for the current scientific and technological interest in the physical effects at nanoscale is linked with the historic trend of refinement of human knowledge and of the corresponding ability to manipulate with the structural patterns of the Universe. …

Preparation Of Halogenated Derivatives Of Thiazolo[5,4-D]Thiazole Via Direct Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Vladimir Benin, Alan T. Yeates, Douglas Dudis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Chlorination and bromination reactions of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole led to the generation of its mono- and dihalogenated derivatives. These are the first instances of successful direct electrophilic aromatic substitution in the thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole ring system. X-ray analysis demonstrates that both 2-bromothiazolo[5,4-d]-thiazole and 2,5-dibromothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole are planar structures, with strongly manifested π-stacking in the solid state. Theoretical analysis of the pyridine-catalyzed halogenation (MP2/6-31+G(d) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d)calculations) reveals that introduction of one halogen actually leads to a slightly enhanced reactivity towards further halogenation. Several halogenation mechanisms have been investigated: 1) The direct C-halogenation with N-halopyridine as electrophile; …

Labrad : Vol 33, Issue 2 - May 2008, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP): An Important Diagnostic Tool for Hairy Cell Leukaemia
• Heterotopic Pregnancy: A Case Report
• Biochemical Markers of Excessive Alcohol Use
• Osmotic Fragility
• Pattern of Drug Abuse in Patients Presenting at a Referral Lab
• Achondrogenesis
• Molecular Diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus
• Diagnosis of Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhoea
• Pakistan Association of Pathologists – Meeting Report

Diviva Is Required For Polar Growth In The Mreb-Lacking Rod-Shaped Actinomycete Corynebacterium Glutamicum, Michal Letek, Efrén Ordóñez, José Vaquera, William Margolin, Klas Flärdh, Luis M Mateos, José A Gil

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The actinomycete Corynebacterium glutamicum grows as rod-shaped cells by zonal peptidoglycan synthesis at the cell poles. In this bacterium, experimental depletion of the polar DivIVA protein (DivIVA(Cg)) resulted in the inhibition of polar growth; consequently, these cells exhibited a coccoid morphology. This result demonstrated that DivIVA is required for cell elongation and the acquisition of a rod shape. DivIVA from Streptomyces or Mycobacterium localized to the cell poles of DivIVA(Cg)-depleted C. glutamicum and restored polar peptidoglycan synthesis, in contrast to DivIVA proteins from Bacillus subtilis or Streptococcus pneumoniae, which localized at the septum of C. glutamicum. This confirmed that DivIVAs …

Race Differences In Activity, Fitness, And Bmi In Female Eighth Graders Categorized By Sports Participation Status, John R. Sirard, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Marsha Dowda, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to identify racial differences in physical activity (PA), fitness, and BMI in female 8th-grade sports participants and nonparticipants. Girls from 31 South Carolina middle schools (N=1,903, 48% White; mean age=13.6 ± 0.63) reported PA and previous year sports-team participation, completed a submaximal fitness test, and had height and weight measured. Sports team participation was positively associated with PA and negatively associated with television viewing and BMI, in a dose-response manner. Compared with Whites, African-Americans reported less PA and more television viewing, and had greater BMI scores. Whereas PA intervention programs that incorporate …

In Vitro Exploration Of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Mif) As A Possible Agent Of Lymphatic Dilation In The Pathogenesis Of Lymphatic Filiariasis, Lauren Rosen

Honors Scholar Theses

Abstract:Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a human cytokine that is well known for its role in modulating macrophage function. It has also been shown to cause smooth muscle cell death. A homolog of the MIF protein (BmMIF) has been found in Brugia malayi, one of the etiological agents of lymphatic filariasis. BmMIF shares a significant portion of its sequence homology with human MIF. Infection by Brugia malayi leads to a consistent finding of lymphatic dilation with surrounding smooth muscle cell apoptosis. We hypothesize that Brugia malayi releases BmMIF as a mediator of host smooth muscle cell death in the …

Lowering Cholesterol: Through The Use Of Plant Sterols And Stanols, Nicole St. Jean

Senior Honors Projects

Heart disease has been the number one killer of American men and women over the past hundred years, with high blood cholesterol as a major risk factor of this disease. High Cholesterol can be a result of a number of different lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise. However, genetics and family history also play a role in the levels of cholesterol in the human body. Those who have high blood cholesterol levels are usually advised by their health professionals to consume a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, high in fiber and to exercise frequently. However, sometimes these …

The Challenges Of Bilingual Speech-Language Therapy: Perspectives From Speech-Language Pathologists, Dana Marie Roberts

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

In the United States, the increasing population of people who speak a language other than English, especially the Spanish-speaking population, has resulted in a greater number of linguistically diverse clients appearing on speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs’) caseloads and has also effectively increased the demand for bilingual SLPs. However, bilingual SLPs continually report a number of challenges in the field, which could explain why recruiting bilingual SLPs is difficult. This study highlighted the importance of assessing the challenges faced by bilingual SLPs through an analysis of the perspectives of four Spanish-English speaking bilingual clinicians in Central New York. The challenges the participants …

The Effect Of Disability Insurance On Health Investment: Evidence From The Va Disability Compensation Program, Perry Singleton

Center for Policy Research

I examine whether individuals respond to monetary incentives to detect latent medical conditions. The effect is identified by an amendment to Title 38 that deemed diabetes associated with Agent Orange exposure a compensable disability under the VA’s Disability Compensation program. Since a diagnosis is a requisite for benefit eligibility, and nearly one-third of diabetics remain undiagnosed, the advent of disability insurance may have encouraged the detection of diabetes among the previously undiagnosed population. Evidence from the National Health Interview Survey suggests that the policy increased the prevalence of diabetes by 2.7 percentage points among veterans.

Bridging The Electronic Journal Gaps: Just How Far Back Can The Collection Go?, Elizabeth A. Appleton, Kathe Obrig

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

This poster presentation describes the process of assessing the costs and availability of an electronic backfile collection that would replace the bound print journal collection in the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library.

Incorporating Library Instruction And Resources Into The University's Writing Program For Undergraduates, Anne Linton, Alexandra Gomes

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

This poster presentation summarizes how the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library created and implemented an online resource module to accompany the George Washington University writing program.

The Unfolded Protein Response Increases Production Of Pro-Angiogenic Factors By Tumor Cell Lines, Nan Liao

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The rapid growth and proliferation of tumor cells will be limited at a stage when they encounter inadequate levels of oxygen and nutrient supply within the poorly vascularized tumor mass. These severe conditions negatively affect the proper folding of nascent proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lead to accumulation of unfolded protein within ER which is referred to as ER stress. Consequently, it will trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) signal pathway through ER membrane stress sensor proteins including activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring 1 (IRE1) and PKR-like ER localized kinase (PERK). The UPR is largely a cytoprotective …

Flavonoids And Related Compounds As Nucleoside Transporter Inhibitors, Surekha Ravaji Pimple

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Mammalian nucleoside transporters can be classified into two main categories, namely, equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) and concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs). ENTs are ubiquitous, and mediate sodium-independent bi-directional facilitated diffusion nucleoside transport processes. CNTs on the other hand, are secondary active unidirectional transporters that are sodium-dependent. Both the equilibrative and the concentrative nucleoside transporters have several family members which are ENT1 to ENT4 and CNT1 to CNT6. Over the past two decades, important advances in the understanding of nucleoside transporter functions have been made. Identification and molecular cloning of the ENT and CNT families from mammals and protozoan parasites have provided …

Esthetic Evaluation Of Edgewise Orthodontic Treatment In Matched Class Ii, Division 1 Subjects, With And Without A Mara, Kelly-Gwynne Mason Fergus

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontics’ concern about facial esthetics has motivated the investigation of treatment options, and their effects, in hopes of discerning the optimal treatment for patients, both esthetically and functionally. In our efforts to determine the optimal treatment option for patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusions, we examined two current treatment methods’ effects on facial esthetics, namely (1) orthopedic functional therapy using a MARA in combination with Edgewise appliances and (2) Edgewise mechanics alone. This study was a retrospective esthetic evaluation of profile silhouettes (prior to and following orthodontic treatment) of 30 consecutively treated American white adolescents with Class II, division …

Structural Basis Of Bilayer Deformation By Membrane-Associated Scaffolds, Adam Frost

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The assembly of amphipathic lipids into fluid bilayers that are impermeable to macromolecules is fundamental to the existence of viruses, organelles, and cells. Conversely, membrane compartmentalization poses problems, since essential processes like cell division, cell migration, endo-, exo-, and transcytosis all require cells to remodel and even break their membranes without opening lethal leaks. Evolutionary forces have consequently generated proteins that can reversibly mold membranes into planes, spheres, cylinders, and saddle-shaped surfaces. Principally, the BAR (Bin, Amphiphysin, RVS) domain superfamily of proteins are recruited from the cytoplasm to induce or stabilize states of high membrane curvature, while the Dynamin superfamily …

A Study To Determine Factors That Inhibit Compliance With Engaging In Recommended Papanicoaou Smear Screenings In African American Women, Valecia Gail Carter-Vaughn

Dissertations

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screenings help to detect abnormal cervical cells in the cervix. African American women are usually diagnosed in the later stages of cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that inhibit compliance with Pap smear screening in African American women.

Ninety-three African American women ages 18 or older, attending an urban health clinic participated in this descriptive design study to answer three research questions: 1) What factors inhibit compliance with recommended Pap smear screening in African American women age 18 or older? 2) Is there a difference between participants who attended the mobile clinic …

Factors Associated With Perceived Burden, Resourcefulness, And Quality Of Life In Female Family Members Of Adults With Serious Mental Illness, Jaclene Zauszniewski, Abir K. Bekhet, M. Jane Suresky

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

BACKGROUND: Each year, 54 million American adults are affected by serious mental illness. Most of these persons depend on female family members for support or assistance, and unless these women are resourceful, they may experience considerable burden, stigma by association, depressive thoughts, and poor quality of life. OBJECTIVE:In this study, we examined the associations between characteristics of female family members (age, race, education), adults with serious mental illness (age, diagnosis), and the family situation (relationship, living arrangements, care provided) and caregivers' burden, stigma, depressive cognitions, resourcefulness, and quality of life.STUDY DESIGN:In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a convenience …

The Development Of The Napnap Research Agenda: Priorities For Evidence In Pediatric Practice 2008-2013, Kathleen J. Sawin, Arlene Butz, Margaret A. Brady, Agatha M. Gallo, Dolores Jones, Linda C. Lewin, Victoria P. Niederhauser, Christine A. Schindler, Cynthia A. Trent

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.