Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

N-Acetylaspartate In The Cns: From Neurodiagnostics To Neurobiology, John R. Moffett, Brian Ross, Peethambaran Arun, Chikkathur N. Madhavarao, Aryan M. A. Namboodiri

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The brain is unique among organs in many respects, including its mechanisms of lipid synthesis and energy production. The nervous systemspecific metabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which is synthesized from aspartate and acetyl-coenzyme A in neurons, appears to be a key link in these distinct biochemical features of CNS metabolism. During early postnatal central nervous system (CNS) development, the expression of lipogenic enzymes in oligodendrocytes, including the NAA-degrading enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA), is increased along with increased NAA production in neurons. NAA is transported from neurons to the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes, where ASPA cleaves the acetate moiety for use in fatty acid …

Ponderal Somatograms Assess Changes In Anthropometric Measurements Over An Academic Year In Division Iii Collegiate Football Players, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Daniel G. Drury, David F. Petrie, Frank I. Katch

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Ponderal somatograms evaluate body size and shape by converting muscular (shoulders, chest, biceps, forearm, thigh, calf) and nonmuscular (abdomen, hips, knee, ankle, wrist) girths into ponderal equivalent (PE) values. Anthropometric measurements, including stature, body mass, girths, and percent body fat by densitometry were collected in 54 Division III football players in preseason camp (fall) and at the beginning (winter) and end (spring) of the team strength and conditioning program. PE values were calculated for each girth as PE, kg = (girth, cm / k) squared x stature, dm, where k = k constant from Behnke's reference man. PE values were …

Role Of Protein Kinase Phosphorylation On Sert Oligomerization: A Novel Mechanistic View, Eric Richard Buck

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The serotonin transporter (SERT) is the primary mechanism for the termination of synaptic signaling. It is of clinical relevance because it is a high-affinity target for therapeutics such as anti-depressants (SSRIs) and drugs of abuse such as cocaine, amphetamine, and 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy). It is also seen as a protein potentially involved in the etiology underlying disorders such as clinical depression, autism, anxiety-related disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa among others. SERT has also been found to be a target of protein kinases that exert their effects through phosphorylation. For example, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) decreases SERT …

Reducing Lung Disease In Cystic Fibrosis: Model Systems And Anti-Inflammatory Treatment, Scotty Mcglothlin Buff

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians resulting in a median life span of approximately 35 years, is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure caused by progressive obstructive lung disease. CF airway disease is characterized by the abundance of pro inflammatory cells, chemokines and cytokines with a deficiency of regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (lL10). We hypothesized that CF airway obstruction originates from excessive inflammation and gene transfer of IL-I0 would decrease inflammation in the airways of mice infected with Pseudomonas …

Long-Distance Three-Color Neuronal Tracing In Fixed Tissue Using Neurovue Dyes, Heather Jensen Smith, Brian Gray, Katharine Muirhead, Betsy Ohlsson-Wilhelm, Bernd Fritzsch

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Dissecting development of neuronal connections is critical for understanding neuronal function in both normal and diseased states. Charting the development of the multitude of connections is a monumental task, since a given neuron typically receives hundreds of convergent inputs from other neurons and provides divergent outputs for hundreds of other neurons. Although progress is being made utilizing various mutants and/or genetic constructs expressing fluorescent proteins like GFP, substantial work remains before a database documenting the development and final location of the neuronal pathways in an adult animal is completed. The vast majority of developing neurons cannot be specifically labeled with …

Lateral Wall Protein Content Mediates Alterations In Cochlear Outer Hair Cell Mechanics Before And After Hearing Onset, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Specialized outer hair cells (OHCs) housed within the mammalian cochlea exhibit active, nonlinear, mechanical responses to auditory stimulation termed electromotility. The extraordinary frequency resolution capacity of the cochlea requires an exquisitely equilibrated mechanical system of sensory and supporting cells. OHC electromotile length change, stiffness, and force generation are responsible for a 100-fold increase in hearing sensitivity by augmenting vibrational input to non-motile sensory inner hair cells. Characterization of OHC mechanics is crucial for understanding and ultimately preventing permanent functional deficits due to overstimulation or as a consequence of various cochlear pathologies. The OHCs' major structural assembly is a highly-specialized lateral …

Probing The Outer Mouth Structure Of The Herg Channel With Peptide Toxin Footprinting And Molecular Modeling, Gea-Ny Tseng, Kailas D. Sonawane, Yuliya V. Korolkova, Mei Zhang, Jie Liu, Eugene V. Grishin, H. Robert Guy

Physiology and Biophysics Publications and Presentations

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that the unusually long S5-P linker lining human ether a-go-go related gene’s (hERG’s) outer vestibule is critical for its channel function: point mutations at high-impact positions here can interfere with the inactivation process and, in many cases, also reduce the pore’s K⁺ selectivity. Because no data are available on the equivalent region in the available K channel crystal structures to allow for homology modeling, we used alternative approaches to model its three-dimensional structure. The first part of this article describes mutant cycle analysis used to identify residues on hERG’s outer vestibule that interact …

Vitamin Status In Yearling Rams With Growth Failure, Handan Mert, Süleyman Kozat, Ni̇hat Mert, Yeter Değer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed to investigate the serum levels of vitamins in yearling rams with growth failure. A total of 70 yearling rams of Akkaraman breed, 50 of which were classified as growth-failure with an average body weight of 37.30 ± 1.1 kg (test) and the remaining 20 were classified as normal with an average body weight of 67.80 ± 2.2 kg (control), were included in the study. There were significant differences between the yearling rams with and without growth failure in terms of serum levels of vitamin C, \beta-carotene, and vitamins A and E (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The levels of all analyzed vitamins were lower compared to controls in yearling rams with growth failure.

Environmental And Genetic Effects On Birth Weight And Survival Rate In Holstein Calves, Serdar Koçak, Mustafa Tekerli̇, Ceyhan Özbeyaz, Banu Yüceer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of certain factors on birth weight and survival rate, utilizing the records of 8399 Holstein calves maintained at the Ceylanpınar State Farm in southeastern Anatolia. The data were collected from the calf barn sheets, including birth weight, pedigree details, and calf fate. The survival rate was scored as 1 (alive) or 0 (died) in accordance with the records. Analysis of variance indicated that the effects of year, season, parity, and calf sex on birth weight were significant (P < 0.01). Only calf sex had a significant (P < 0.01) influence on survival rate. The least squares means of birth weight for all calves averaged 38.79 ± 0.171 kg. The survival rates were 0.95 ± 0.004, 0.94 ± 0.004, and 0.92 ± 0.005 at 3, 6, and 12 months of life, respectively. Heritabilities were 0.115 ± 0.0023 for birth weight and 0.020 ± 0.009, 0.011 ± 0.008, and 0.011 ± 0.008 for 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month survival rates. Genetic correlations between birth weight and every rate of survival were estimated as -0.113, -0.012, and 0.106. The corresponding phenotypic correlations were 0.022, 0.014, and -0.013. It was concluded that the birth weight and survival rates of Holstein calves reared at Ceylanpınar State Farm were acceptable. However, further improvements can be accomplished by more effective feeding and management based on the low heritabilities.

A Theory And Definition Of Public Health Law, Lawrence O. Gostin

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Public Health And Constitutional Law: Recognizing The Relationship, Wendy E. Parmet

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Beyond Compensation: Using Torts To Promote Public Health, Elizabeth A. Weeks

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

"Public-Private" Health Law: Multiple Directions In Public Health, Nan D. Hunter

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Medicine And Public Health: Crossing Legal Boundaries, Wendy K. Mariner

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. V. Shewry: Has The Tobacco Industry Met Its Match?, Lauren Rachel Bregman

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Should It Be Mandatory Or Voluntary?, Carrie A. Roll

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Middle School Girls' Engagement In Suspendable School Offenses., Barbara Harlow Cavanaugh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite research evidence that social context and personal characteristics are related to girls' violent behavior, little is known about the relative contribution of such antecedents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the relative strength of predictors of school violence among a sample of middle school girls. Of special interest were the intervening variables, because knowledge of their relative strength could enable schools to design targeted interventions to reduce school violence. Social learning theory formed the theoretical foundation for the study. A four-part survey consisting of sociodemographic items, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, an amended version of the Attitudes …

Trial And Error Versus Errorless Learning Of Functional Skills In Patients With Acute Stroke, Julie Mount, Samuel R. Pierce, Janet Parker, Rebecca Diegidio, Russell Woessner, Lenore Spiegel

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of errorless learning versus trial and error learning for teaching activities of daily living to patients with acute stroke with or without explicit memory impairments.

Design: Randomized crossover.

Setting: Rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: 33 adult subjects following an acute stroke.

Intervention: Subjects were taught to prepare a wheelchair for a transfer and to put on a sock with a sock-donner. Tasks were taught using errorless learning or trial and error learning. Explicit memory was assessed using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam.

Main Outcome Measures: Days until subject was able to …

Revolution: A Philosophic Perspective On The Automotive Industry, Joshua Beasley

Whittier Scholars Program

For my project I will be utilizing the philosophic principles and business structure found at the sports camp I interned at and apply them in the car industry.

After interning at the camp, interviewing the founder and the current owner of the camp, I have begun doing research into the automotive industry to see where and how such a business structure and philosophic principles can be applied to the car industry, specifically to a new car company. The philosophic principles I will apply will be ones that involve customer relations and environmental ethics. I will apply these to a new …

Letter To The Editor: Further Efforts To Redce The Incidence Of Neural Tube Defects, Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract provided.

Triumph And/Or Tragedy: The Present Food And Drug Administration Program Of Enriching Grains With Folic Acid., Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract provided.

Developmental Toxicology Drugs, And Fetal Teratogenesis, Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract provided.

Robert Warwick Miller: In Memoriam., Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract provided.

How Does The Physician Avoid Prescribong Drugs And Medical Procedures That Have Reproductive And Developmental Risks?, Robert L. Brent

The Selected Works of Robert Brent

No abstract provided.

Abstraction Of Dimensional Relevance Of Molecular Representation: Generation Of Novel Inhibitors Against Malarial Plasmodium Falciparum Plasmepsin Iv, Christopher B. Abdul-Wahid

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum is endemic to 50% of the world's population, killing three million people a year, many of whom are children under five years of age. Due in part to the development of malarial resistance to current drug therapies, novel drug targets are being sought. The malarial hemolytic aspartic protease Plasmepsins are such targets of rational drug design.

We are developing a methodology to rapidly generate combinatorial libraries of chemical structures using a one-dimensional representation (Simplified molecular input line entry specification (SMILES)) of a molecule, to automatically generate a minimized three-dimensional representation (SYBYLMOL2), and to screen this …

The Influence Of The Built Environment On The Physical Activity Levels Of Older Adults In A Rural Community, Kalyn T. Yeager

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Objective: To determine the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics and physical activity habits of older adults in a rural community. Methods: Twenty-seven participants completed a face-to-face interview about their perception of their neighborhood. An accelerometer was worn for seven days to estimate energy expenditure. Statistical Analysis: A multiple regression was used to identify the environmental influence on energy expenditure. An independent T-test followed to determine differences between older adults residing in a home versus an apartment. Results: Older adults ( 69 .9 ± 8.3 years) expended 1,510 ± 724 kilocalories per week. General neighborhood satisfaction and safety from traffic were …

Download Full Pdf Issue-Jefferson Translations, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring/Summer 2007

Jefferson Translations

This issue includes an article on Dr. Squires and her work to study the effects of the HIV virus in women, clinical director forges new paths to health, Dr. Woulfe pioneers thrombosis research, resident updates, faculty news and awards and honors.

Replication Fork Regression In Vitro By The Werner Syndrome Protein (Wrn): Holliday Junction Formation, The Effect Of Leading Arm Structure And A Potential Role For Wrn Exonuclease Activity, Amrita Machwe, Liren Xiao, Robert G Lloyd, Edward Bolt, David K. Orren

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

The premature aging and cancer-prone disease Werner syndrome stems from loss of WRN protein function. WRN deficiency causes replication abnormalities, sensitivity to certain genotoxic agents, genomic instability and early replicative senescence in primary fibroblasts. As a RecQ helicase family member, WRN is a DNA-dependent ATPase and unwinding enzyme, but also possesses strand annealing and exonuclease activities. RecQ helicases are postulated to participate in pathways responding to replication blockage, pathways possibly initiated by fork regression. In this study, a series of model replication fork substrates were used to examine the fork regression capability of WRN. Our results demonstrate that WRN catalyzes …

Fa2h Dependent Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylation In The Mammalian Nervous System, Nathan Lance Alderson

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. This unique membrane is comprised of approximately 70% lipid and 30% protein. The high lipid content is thought to be vital for its insulatory function. Galactosylceramide (GaICer) and sulfatide make up approximately 30% of total myelin lipids, with more than half of these galactolipids containing fatty acids hydroxylated at the C[subscript 2] position (2-hydroxy fatty acids). Despite their high abundance, very little is know about the biosynthesis of these 2-hydroxy galactolipids, and specific functions of the 2-hydroxyl group in myelin galactolipids remain …

Neurosurgeons And Electrocautery, S. Ather Enam

Section of Neurosurgery

Abstract are not provided by the author/publisher