Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Changing Perspectives On The Use Of Antimicrobial Mouthrinses, Michele Leonardi Darby

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

As oral health care professionals, we need to make evidence-based recommendations to our patients. Studies from which we derive our recommendations need to have been conducted with scientific rigor and need to be confirmed with other welldesigned studies. Given the numerous, long-term, peer-reviewed published studies on antimicrobial mouthrinses with consistent statistically and clinically significant outcomes, it is time to change our professional thinking and practices.

The Birth Of A Wild Ass (Equus Hemionus Khur) In India’S Little Rann Of Kutch, Gertrud Neumann-Denzau

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The birth of a wild ass was completely described and photographed in the wild for the first time. It happened in the daytime, in the open desert, and in the vicinity of other wild asses. The mother isolated her foal afterwards for an entire day. After birthing she drove away her male yearling, which did not join her any longer from this moment on.

Avian Influenza Vaccination: A Commentary Focusing On H5n1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza, Karen Burns Grogan, David A. Halvorson, Richard D. Slemons

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Avian influenza (AI) is a viral disease of poultry, caused by influenzavirus A, classified in the family Orthomyxoviridiae. The influenza A viruses maintained in birds are commonly referred to as avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The AIVs are antigenically, genetically, and biologically diverse, are found worldwide in birds, and infect a variety of avian species.

Pdcds-Adult English, Marianne E. Weiss

Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale

The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, and Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale were developed by Dr. Marianne Weiss to measure nurse-sensitive discharge care processes and patient outcomes. Three versions of the scales were developed concurrently for different patient populations – Adult medical-surgical patients, Parents of hospitalized children, and Postpartum Patient mothers (see Weiss & Piacentine, 2006, Weiss et al., 2007, and Bobay et al., 2018 for description of the development and initial testing). Additional scales and information about translation rights are located at Marquette Nursing.

PERMISSION TO USE

The Readiness for Discharge Scale, Quality of Discharge …

Planning “Discrete” Movements Using A Continuous System: Insights From A Dynamic Field Theory Of Movement Preparation, Anne R. Schutte, John P. Spencer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The timed-initiation paradigm developed by Ghez and colleagues (1997) has revealed two modes of motor planning: continuous and discrete. Continuous responding occurs when targets are separated by less than 60° of spatial angle, and discrete responding occurs when targets are separated by greater than 60°. Although these two modes are thought to reflect the operation of separable strategic planning systems, a new theory of movement preparation, the Dynamic Field Theory, suggests that two modes emerge flexibly from the same system. Experiment 1 replicated continuous and discrete performance using a task modified to allow for a critical test of the single …

The Use Of Telehealth For Diabetes Management: A Qualitative Study Of Telehealth Provider Perceptions, Faith P. Hopp, Mary M. Hogan, Peter A. Woodbridge, Julie C. Lowery

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Monitoring and Messaging Devices (MMDs) are telehealth systems used by patients in their homes, and are designed to promote patient self-management, patient education, and clinical monitoring and follow-up activities. Although these systems have been widely promoted by health care systems, including the Veterans Health Administration, very little information is available on factors that facilitate use of the MMD system, or on barriers to use.

Methods

We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with clinicians using MMD-based telehealth programs at two Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the Midwestern United States.

Results

Findings suggest that MMD program enrollment is limited by both …

What's Happening: January, 2007, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Inhibition Of Proteasome Activity By The Dietary Flavonoid Apigenin Is Associated With Growth Inhibition In Cultured Breast Cancer Cells And Xenografts, Di Chen, Kristin R. Landis-Piwowar, Marina S. Chen, Q Ping Dou

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

Proteasome inhibition is an attractive approach to anticancer therapy and may have relevancy in breast cancer treatment. Natural products, such as dietary flavonoids, have been suggested as natural proteasome inhibitors with potential use for cancer prevention and therapeutics. We previously reported that apigenin, a flavonoid widely distributed in many fruits and vegetables, can inhibit proteasome activity and can induce apoptosis in cultured leukemia Jurkat T cells. Whether apigenin has proteasome-inhibitory activity in the highly metastatic human breast MDA-MB-231 cells and xenografts, however, is unknown.

Methods

MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell cultures and xenografts were treated with apigenin, followed by …

Effects Of Curcumin On Retinal Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Diabetes, Renu A. Kowluru, Mamta Kanwar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in diabetes. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of curcumin, a polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina of rats.

Methods

A group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received powdered diet supplemented with 0.05% curcumin (w/w), and another group received diet without curcumin. The diets were initiated soon after induction of diabetes, and the rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after induction of diabetes. The retina was used to quantify oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers.

Results

Antioxidant …

Examining Smoking And Cessation During Pregnancy Among An Appalachian Sample: A Preliminary View, Lesley Cottrell, Mark Gibson, Carole Harris, Alia Rai, Sabera Sobhan, Traci Berry, Bonita Stanton

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Several transitions that a woman experiences prenatally may influence her desire or ability to discontinue smoking. This study explores the role of smoking for young, Appalachian, nulliparous pregnant women and their plans for smoking during their pregnancies.

Results

The reports of women and their male partners were taken from baseline interviews conducted during the first trimester of pregnancy. Cigarette smoking appeared to be more than an isolated addictive activity; rather, smoking was interwoven in women's social and personal realms, often changing as their perceptions of self changed. Women and their partners who continued to smoke appeared to be …

Paradoxical Antiproliferative Effect By A Murine Mammary Tumor-Derived Epithelial Cell Line, Esteban N. Gurzov, Sanaa M. Nabha, Hamilto Yamamoto, Hong Meng, O Graciela Scharovsky, R Daniel Bonfil

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Despite significant advancement in breast cancer therapy, there is a great need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in breast carcinogenesis and progression, as well as of the role of epigenetic contributions from stromal cells in mammary tumorigenesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized murine mammary tumor-derived epithelial and myofibroblast cell lines, and investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of cellular soluble factors produced by the epithelial cell line on tumor cells.

Methods

Morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity of epithelial (LM-234ep) and myofibroblast (LM-234mf) cell lines isolated from two murine mammary adenocarcinomas …

Progression Of Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Inhibited By Genistein And Radiation In An Orthotopic Model, Gilda G. Hillman, Yu Wang, Mingxin Che, Julian J. Raffoul, Mark Yudelev, Omer Kucuk, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

We have previously reported the potentiation of radiotherapy by the soy isoflavone genistein for prostate cancer using prostate tumor cells in vitro and orthotopic prostate tumor models in vivo. However, when genistein was used as single therapy in animal models, it promoted metastasis to regional para-aortic lymph nodes. To clarify whether these intriguing adverse effects of genistein are intrinsic to the orthotopic prostate tumor model, or these results could also be recapitulated in another model, we used the orthotopic metastatic KCI-18 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) model established in our laboratory.

Methods

The KCI-18 RCC cell line was generated …

Differential Effects Of Th1, Monocyte/Macrophage And Th2 Cytokine Mixtures On Early Gene Expression For Glial And Neural-Related Molecules In Central Nervous System Mixed Glial Cell Cultures: Neurotrophins, Growth Factors And Structural Proteins, Robert P. Lisak, Joyce A. Benjamins, Beverly Bealmear, Liljana Nedelkoska, Bin Yao, Susan Land, Diane Studzinski

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

In multiple sclerosis, inflammatory cells are found in both active and chronic lesions, and it is increasingly clear that cytokines are involved directly and indirectly in both formation and inhibition of lesions. We propose that cytokine mixtures typical of Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes, or monocyte/macrophages each induce unique molecular changes in glial cells.

Methods

To examine changes in gene expression that might occur in glial cells exposed to the secreted products of immune cells, we have used gene array analysis to assess the early effects of different cytokine mixtures on mixed CNS glia in culture. We compared the …

Age-Related Dgc Structure And Function In The F344/N X Bn Rat Heart, Sunil K. Kakarla

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Recent data has suggested that disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) may be involved in mediating the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Here we examined the regulation of DGC proteins in the hearts of adult (6 months), aged (30 months), and very aged (36 months) F344/N X BN rats . Compared to adult animals, the content of α- and β-dystroglycan were 6.93 ± 5.16% and 58.36 ± 3.64% higher, respectively (P < 0.05) in very aged animals. Immunoblotting and immunhistochemical analysis suggested that aging appeared to diminish alpha-sarcoglycan, beta-sarcoglycan and delta-sarcoglycan content by 13.89 ± 3.1%,15.8 ± 2.8% and 18.63 ± 3.04%, respectively (P < 0.05). These alterations in the DGC occurred coincident with age- associated alterations in cytoplasmic anti-rat IgG immunoreactivity, TUNEL positive nuclei, alpha-fodrin cleavage, indices of caspase-3 activation and diminished AKT phosphoryation (Ser 308). Taken together, these data suggest that aging alters cardiac DGC structure and function.

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences 2007 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

The first class of twenty· five Nebraska students began their DVM degree program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The new program provides for students from Nebraska to complete their first two years of the professional school at UNL. The second two years of training will be completed at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University. Under the agreement, the students will pay Iowa State resident tuition rates all four years.

To prepare for the new program, an anatomy teaching laboratory, classroom and microbiology laboratory were develop by renovating space in the Animal Science Complex. New faculty members hired to …

The Class Ii Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Bola-Dr Is Expressed By Endothelial Cells Of The Bovine Corpus Luteum, Matthew J. Cannon, John S. Davis, Joy L. Pate

United States Public Health Resources

Cells expressing class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are found within the corpus luteum (CL) of several species. Expression and localization of class II MHC molecules in the bovine CL were examined in the present study. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed class II MHC molecules on single cells in early CL (days 4 and 5 post-estrus). Two class II MHC-expressing cell types were observed in midcycle CL (days 10–12 post-estrus), single cells similar to those observed in the early CL, and endothelial cells. Not all endothelial cells expressed class II MHC, and further investigation revealed expression of only one type of …

Global Scale Climate–Crop Yield Relationships And The Impacts Of Recent Warming, David Lobell, Christopher Field

United States Public Health Resources

Changes in the global production of major crops are important drivers of food prices, food security and land use decisions. Average global yields for these commodities are determined by the performance of crops in millions of fields distributed across a range of management, soil and climate regimes. Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and precipitation—spatial averages based on the locations of each crop—explain ∼30% or more of year-to-year variations in global average yields for the world’s six most widely grown crops. For wheat, maize and barley, there is a …

Demographic Factors Associated With Prevalence Of Antibody To Sin Nombre Virus In Deer Mice In The Western United States, Charles Calisher, Kent Wagoner, Brian Amman, J. Jeffrey Root, Richard J. Douglass, Amy Kuenzi, Ken Abbott, Cheryl Parmenter, Terry Yates, Thomas Ksiazek, Barry J. Beaty, James N. Mills

United States Public Health Resources

We used long-term data collected for up to 10 yr (1994–2004) at 23 trapping arrays (i.e., webs and grids) in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico to examine demographic factors known or suspected to be associated with risk of infection with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in its natural host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Gender, age (mass), wounds or scars, season, and local relative population densities were statistically associated with the period prevalence of antibody (used as a marker of infection) to SNV in host populations. Nevertheless, antibody prevalence and some of the risk factors associated with antibody …

Identification Of Vibrio Isolates By A Multiplex Pcr Assay And Rpob Sequence Determination, Cheryl L. Tarr, Jayna S. Patel, Nancy Puhr, Evangeline Sowers, Cheryl A. Bopp, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Vibrio, a diverse genus of aquatic bacteria, currently includes 72 species, 12 of which occur in human clinical samples. Of these 12, three species—Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus—account for the majority of Vibrio infections in humans. Rapid and accurate identification of Vibrio species has been problematic because phenotypic characteristics are variable within species and biochemical identification requires 2 or more days to complete. To facilitate the identification of human-pathogenic species, we developed a multiplex PCR that uses species-specific primers to amplify gene regions in four species (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. …

Annual Report To The Nation On The Status Of Cancer, 1975–2004, Featuring Cancer In American Indians And Alaska Natives, David K. Espey, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Judith Swan, Charles Wiggins, Melissa A. Jim, Elizabeth Ward, Phyllis A. Wingo, Holly L. Howe, Lynn A. G. Ries, Barry A. Miller, Ahmedin Jemal, Faruque Ahmed, Nathaniel Cobb, Judith S. Kaur, Brenda K. Edwards

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the U.S. The 2007 report features a comprehensive compilation of cancer information for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN).

METHODS. Cancer incidence data were available for up to 82% of the U.S. population. Cancer deaths were available for the entire U.S. population. Long-term (1975 through 2004) and fixed-interval (1995 through 2004) incidence and mortality trends were evaluated by annual percent change …

One-Year Changes In Glucose And Heart Disease Risk Factors Among Participants In The Wisewoman Programme, Jc Will, O Khavjou, Ea Finkelstein, Rk Loo, Ky Gregory-Mercado

United States Public Health Resources

Background: WISEWOMAN provides chronic disease risk factor screening, referrals and lifestyle interventions to low-income, uninsured women, to reduce their heart disease and stroke risk. Participants learn behaviour-changing skills tailored to low-income populations, such as collaborative goal setting, the need to take small steps and other empowerment techniques.

Aim: To quantify the baseline prevalence of pre-diabetes (fasting blood glucose 5.5–6.9 mmol/l) and diabetes among WISEWOMAN participants and assess one year changes in glucose levels and other diabetes risk factors.

Methods: We used 1998–2005 baseline and one-year follow-up data from WISEWOMAN participants. Using a multilevel regression model, we assessed …

Poxviral B1 Kinase Overcomes Barrier To Autointegration Factor, A Host Defense Against Virus Replication, Matthew S. Wiebe, Paula Traktman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mito-sis. Herein, we demonstrate a cytoplasmic role for BAF in host defense during poxviral infections. Vaccinia is the prototypic poxvirus, a family of DNA viruses that replicate ex-clusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Mutations in the vaccinia B1 kinase (B1) com-promise viral DNA replication, but the mechanism by which B1 achieves this has remained elusive. We now show that BAF acts as a potent inhibitor of poxvirus replication unless its DNA-binding activity is blocked …

A Scale-Free Systems Theory Of Motivation And Addiction, R. Andrew Chambers, Warren K. Bickel, Marc N. Potenza

United States Public Health Resources

Scale-free organizations, characterized by uneven distributions of linkages between nodal elements, describe the structure and function of many life-based complex systems developing under evolutionary pressures. We explore motivated behavior as a scale-free map toward a comprehensive translational theory of addiction. Motivational and behavioral repertoires are reframed as link and nodal element sets, respectively, comprising a scale-free structure. These sets are generated by semi-independent information-processing streams within cortical–striatal circuits that cooperatively provide decision-making and sequential processing functions necessary for traversing maps of motivational links connecting behavioral nodes. Dopamine modulation of cortical–striatal plasticity serves a central-hierarchical mechanism for survival-adaptive sculpting and development …

Are Smokers Only Using Cigarettes? Exploring Current Polytobacco Use Among An Adult Population, Jennifer M. Bombard, Linda L. Pederson, David E. Nelson, Ann M. Malarcher

United States Public Health Resources

Background: The primary focus of tobacco prevention and cessation interventions has been on cigarette smoking. Polytobacco use (the concurrent use of cigarettes and one or more other tobacco product[s]), may present additional health risks and make cessation more difficult.
Methods: We determined population estimates of tobacco product use and of polytobacco use for more than 50000 adults from 10 states. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors independently associated with polytobacco use among men only (due to low use among women).
Results: The overall adult prevalence was 22.4% for cigarettes and 3.4% for polytobacco use. Polytobacco use was more …

Relaxin Receptors In Hepatic Stellate Cells And Cirrhotic Liver, Robert G. Bennett, Shana R. Dalton, Katrina J. Mahan, Martha J. Gentry-Nielsen, Frederick G. Hamel, Dean J. Tuma

United States Public Health Resources

The polypeptide hormone relaxin has antifibrotic effects on a number of tissues, including the liver. Central to the progression of hepatic fibrosis is the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) from a quiescent state to an activated, myofibroblastic phenotype that secretes fibrillar collagen. Relaxin inhibits markers of HSC activation, but relaxin receptor expression in the liver is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of the relaxin receptors LGR7 and LGR8 in activated HSC. Production of cAMP was induced by treatment of HSC with relaxin, or the relaxin-related peptides InsL3 or relaxin-3, selective activators of LGR8 …

Performance Of A Commercial Immunoglobulin M Antibody Capture Assay Using Analyte-Specific Reagents To Screen For Interfering Factors During A West Nile Virus Epidemic Season In Nebraska, Anthony R. Sambol, Steven H. Hinrichs, Wayne R. Hogrefe, Beth K. Schweitzer

United States Public Health Resources

In 2003, the Nebraska Public Health Laboratory tested more than 10,371 serum and 516 cerebral spinal fluid specimens. Results showed that without performing the interfering factors screen for specimens in the low positive index value range of >1.1 to ≤3.5, a false positivity rate of 6.5% would have been realized.

Comparative Genetic Analysis Of Genomic Dna Sequences Of Two Human Isolates Of Tanapox Virus, Steven H. Nazarian, John W. Barrett, A. Michael Frace, Melissa Olsen-Rasmussen, Marina Khristova, Mae Shaban, Sarah Neering, Yu Li, Inger K. Damon, Joseph J. Esposito, Karim Essani, Grant Mcfadden

United States Public Health Resources

Members of the genus Yatapoxvirus, which include Tanapox virus (TPV) and Yaba monkey tumor virus, infect primates including humans. Two strains of TPV isolated 50 years apart from patients infected from the equatorial region of Africa have been sequenced. The original isolate from a human case in the Tana River Valley, Kenya, in 1957 (TPV-Kenya) and an isolate from an infected traveler in the Republic of Congo in 2004 (TPV-RoC). Although isolated 50 years apart the genomes were highly conserved. The genomes differed at only 35 of 144,565 nucleotide positions (99.98% identical). We predict that TPV-RoC encodes 155 …

Social Capital And Rates Of Gonorrhea And Syphilis In The United States: Spatial Regression Analyses Of State-Level Associations, Salaam Semaan, Maya Sternberg, Akbar Zaidi, Sevgi O. Aral

United States Public Health Resources

We conducted spatial regression analysis to account for spatial clustering of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to examine the state-level association between social capital (using Putnam’s public use data set) and rates of gonorrhea and syphilis. We conducted the analysis for the 48 contiguous states of the United States for 1990, 1995, and 2000 and controlled for the effects of regional variation in STD rates, and for state variation in poverty, income inequality, racial composition, and percentage aged 15–34 years. We compared the results of the spatial regression analysis with those of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Controlling for all …

The H.A.R.T. Model Holistic Action In Relationships For Transformation, Hazel Marie Barmore Wiegert

Theses and Graduate Projects

This paper describes a project to develop a parish nurse practice model incorporating a nursing theory. This model is entitled The H.A.R.T. Model, Holistic Action in Relationships for Transformation. The nursing theory involved in this project is Jean Watson's Theory on Human Caring and Transpersonal Caring.

Research Annual Report 2006, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.