Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah, Respon Biologis Dan Kejadian Tbc Paru Di Indonesia, A. H. Mahpudin, Renti Mahkota

Kesmas

Sampai kini, Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di dunia. Menurut laporan WHO, di seluruh dunia setiap tahun ditemukan sekitar 8 juta kasus baru. Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang kasus TBC terbesar ketiga setelah India dan Cina dengan perkiraan jumlah kasus pada 2003 adalah 627.047 penderita dan 281.946 kasus merupakan TBC paru BTA positif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi lingkungan rumah, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor respon biologis terhadap kejadian TBC paru BTA positif pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Prevalensi TBC Nasional dan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun …

Kematian Perinatal Di Indonesia Dan Faktor Yang Berhubungan, Tahun 1997-2003, Meidy Farenti Prameswari

Kesmas

WHO memperkirakan bahwa setiap tahun lebih dari 9 juta bayi meninggal pada periode perinatal dan hampir semua terjadi di negara berkembang. Kini angka kematian perinatal di Indonesia adalah 24 per 1.000 kelahiran, sekitar 77% merupakan sumbangan kematian neonatal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kematian perinatal di Indonesia dan memperkirakan program intervensi yang paling berperan dan menurunkannya. Studi ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2002-2003. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional). Hasil menemukan variabel yang berhubungan terhadap kematian perinatal di Indonesia selama periode 1997-2003 adalah jarak kelahiran; komplikasi …

Perilaku Menggunakan Kondom Pada Wanita Penjaja Seks Jalanan Di Jakarta Timur Tahun 2006, Widyastuti Widyastuti

Kesmas

Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) di banyak negara merupakan ancaman serius global yang berdampak pada individu, keluarga dan masyarakat. Pada perempuan, IMS sulit didiagnosa dan berdampak lebih besar, karena umumnya tampa gejala, timbul rasa bersalah dan malu mencari pengobatan sehingga menjadi beban tersembunyi. Prevalensi IMS dari berbagai penelitian di Indonesia pada periode 1990-2000 relatif tinggi. Strategi memutuskan rantai penularan antara lain melalui promosi kondom khususnya pada Wanita Penjaja Seks (WPS) yang berisiko tinggi IMS. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemakaian kondom pada Wanita Pekerja Seks jalanan di Jakarta Timur tahun 2006. Penelitian dengan rancangan studi cross …

Manajemen Strategis Organisasi Nirlaba, Sumengen Sutomo

Kesmas

Banyak pimpinan organisasi nirlaba kehabisan tenaga dan waktu melakukan manajemen operasional. Mereka tidak sempat berpikir strategis mengembangkan masa depan organisasi dan memberikan pelayanan bermutu yang memuaskan pelanggan. Manajemen strategis yang merupakan proses mengembangkan tujuan, rencana strategis, dan alokasi sumber daya mencakup analisis strategi, formulasi strategi, implementasi strategi, dan evaluasi strategi. Analisis stategi mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan internal jang terkait sumber daya, struktur organisasi, strategi dan kinerja program, serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal yang terkait faktor politik, ekonomi, sosial dan teknologi. Selanjutnya, formulasi strategi adalah proses menyiapkan rencana strategis: mengembangkan nilai, misi, visi, gol, tujuan, identifikasi isu strategis dan memilih strategi …

Determinan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan Di Kabupaten Cirebon, Tahun 2004, Deti Adipriati

Kesmas

Lebih dari 90% kematian ibu disebabkan komplikasi obstetrik yang sering tidak dapat diramalkan pada saat kehamilan. Pada umumnya kematian Ibu dan kejadian kesakitan setelah bayi lahir adalah akibat kegagalan untuk menanggulangi komplikasi persalinan. Kebanyakan komplikasi itu terjadi pada saat atau sekitar persalinan. SDKI 2003 melaporkan bahwa 9% persalinan dilakukan di fasilitas pemerintah dan 31% pada fasilitas swasta, sedangkan 59% masih dilakukan di rumah. Pertolongan persalinan di rumah, dimana sistem rujukan tidak dikembangkan dengan tepat, memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap kelangsungan hidup ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam menentukan pemilihan tempat persalinan di Kabupaten Cirebon …

Kekerasan Pada Setiap Tahap Penempatan Tki Asal Propinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2006, Helfi Agustin

Kesmas

Peningkatan jumlah tenaga kerja Indonesia yang diberangkatkan keluar negeri seiring dengan kebijakan nasional diikuti oleh peningkatan berbagai masalah yang mengarah pada pelanggaran hak azasi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berbagai kekerasan yang menyertai setiap tahap penempatan tenaga kerja Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan metoda analisis tema. Penelitian diadakan di Propinsi Sumatera Barat, pada bulan April-Mei 2006. Hasil penelitian menemukan semua TKI berangkat pada usia muda. TKI dengan tingkat pendidikan/akses informasi terbatas mudah terjebak dalam pemberangkatan ilegal. Semua TKI mengalami beberapa bentuk kekerasan secara bersamaan dan berulang dan besar …

The Saint Of Worcester: Why Pilgrims Visit Audrey Santo, Mathew N. Schmalz

Religious Studies Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Retroviral Vector And Cell-Based Assay For Measuring The Mutation Rate Of Retroviruses Employing Same, Dawn P. Wooley, Kelly Jo Huang

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Lentiviral-based retrovirus vectors and an in vivo mutation rate assay employing them. More particularly, an assay for directly determining the in vivo mutation rate of HIV-1.

Run-Specific Limits Of Quantitation And Detection (An Alternative To Minimum Peak Height Thresholds), Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Empirical Analysis Of The Str Profiles Resulting From Conceptual Mixtures, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Implications For Close Relatives In The Event Of Similar But Non-Matching Dna Profiles, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Hepatitis C Risk Assessment, Testing And Referral For Treatment In Urban Primary Care: Role Of Race And Ethnicity., Stacey B. Trooskin, Victor J. Navarro, Robert J. Winn, David J. Axelrod, A. Scott Mcneal, Maricruz Velez, Steven K. Herrine, Simona Rossi

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

AIM: To determine rates of hepatitis C (HCV) risk factor ascertainment, testing, and referral in urban primary care practices, with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review from four primary care sites in Philadelphia; two academic primary care practices and two community clinics was performed. Demographics, HCV risk factors, and other risk exposure information were collected.

RESULTS: Four thousand four hundred and seven charts were reviewed. Providers documented histories of injection drug use (IDU) and transfusion for less than 20% and 5% of patients, respectively. Only 55% of patients who admitted IDU were tested …

Power Boosting In Genome-Wide Studies Via Methods For Multivariate Outcomes, Mary J. Emond

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Whole-genome studies are becoming a mainstay of biomedical research. Examples include expression array experiments, comparative genomic hybridization analyses and large case-control studies for detecting polymorphism/disease associations. The tactic of applying a regression model to every locus to obtain test statistics is useful in such studies. However, this approach ignores potential correlation structure in the data that could be used to gain power, particularly when a Bonferroni correction is applied to adjust for multiple testing. In this article, we propose using regression techniques for misspecified multivariate outcomes to increase statistical power over independence-based modeling at each locus. Even when the outcome …

Localization Of Period 1 Mrna In The Ruminant Oocyte And Investigations Of Its Role In Ovarian Function, R. A. Cushman, M. F. Allan, S. A. Jones, Gary P. Rupp, S. E. Echternkamp

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The clock gene Period 1 (Per1) may be a prolificacy gene, because it localized to the mouse oocyte and Per1-null drosophila shed fewer eggs. Because Per1 mapped to a region of mouse chromosome 11 syntenic to bovine chromosome 19 where a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ovulation rate existed, we hypothesized that Per1 influenced folliculogenesis and ovulation rate in ruminants. Ovarian cortex was collected at slaughter on days 5, 12, 15, 17, and 20 after estrus for real-time RT-PCR evaluation of Per1mRNAexpression in Dorset (n = 18), Romanov (n = 10), Romanov/Dorset (n = 21), and Composite …

A Cohort Study Of Reproductive And Hormonal Factors And Renal Cell Cancer Risk In Women, Gc Kabat, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Ab Miller, Te Rohan

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

We examined the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with renal cell cancer risk in a cohort study of 89 835 Canadian women. Compared with nulliparous women, parous women were at increased risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–3.09), and there was a significant gradient of risk with increasing levels of parity: relative to nulliparous women, women who had X5 pregnancies lasting 4 months or more had a 2.4-fold risk (HR 1⁄4 2.41, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.27–4.59, P for trend 0.01). Ever use of oral contraceptives was associated with a modest reduction in risk. No associations were …

Ada News - 02/19/2007, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Coming Together, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Is Gene Therapy A Good Therapeutic Approach For Hiv-Positive Patients?, Jai G. Marathe, Dawn P. Wooley

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Despite advances and options available in gene therapy for HIV-1 infection, its application in the clinical setting has been challenging. Although published data from HIV-1 clinical trials show safety and proof of principle for gene therapy, positive clinical outcomes for infected patients have yet to be demonstrated. The cause for this slow progress may arise from the fact that HIV is a complex multi-organ system infection. There is uncertainty regarding the types of cells to target by gene therapy and there are issues regarding insufficient transduction of cells and long-term expression. This paper discusses state-of-the-art molecular approaches against HIV-1 and …

Regulation Of Human Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (Cftr) By Serum- And Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase (Sgk1), J. Denry Sato, M. Christine Chapline, Renee Thibodeau, Raymond A. Frizzell, Bruce A. Stanton

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-1 (SGK1) increases CFTR Cl currents in Xenopus oocytes by an unknown mechanism. Because SGK increases the plasma membrane expression of other ion channels, the goal of this paper was to test the hypothesis that SGK1 stimulates CFTR Cl currents by increasing the number of CFTR Cl channels in the plasma membrane. Methods: CFTR Cl currents were measured in Xenopus oocytes by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique, and CFTR in the plasma membrane was determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results: wt-SGK1 stimulated CFTR Cl currents by 42% and increased the amount of CFTR in the …

Development Of A Reliable And Construct Valid Measure Of Nutritional Literacy In Adults, James J. Diamond

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

NOTE: The Nutritional Literacy Scale can be found here: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/nls/1/

Background: Research into the relation of literacy to health status has not included measures of nutritional literacy. This may be a critical area in the study of chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, which can both relate to obesity and nutrition. This paper details the development and psychometric characteristics of the Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS), offered as a measure of adults' ability to comprehend nutritional information.

Methods: In order to assess the internal consistency and construct validity of the NLS, demographic data, readability statistics, NLS scores and …

Nicotine Does Not Produce State-Dependent Effects On Learning In A Pavlovian Appetitive Goal-Tracking Task With Rats, Rick A. Bevins, Rachel D. Penrod, Carmela Reichel

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Past research has shown that when rats received 0.4 mg base/kg nicotine paired reliably with intermittent sucrose delivery that anticipatory sucrose-seeking behavior (i.e., goal tracking) was differentially displayed in the nicotine state relative to intermixed saline sessions in which no sucrose was delivered. The present research extended this observation to a lower dose of nicotine (i.e., 0.2 mg base/kg) and tested a state-dependent learning account of differential conditioned responding. According to this account, the increase in goal tracking on nicotine sessions reflects a chambersucrose association that is only recalled when in the nicotine state. We used a 2 × 2 …

Genome-Wide Analysis Of Neuroblastomas Using High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays., Rani E George, Edward F Attiyeh, Shuli Li, Lisa A Moreau, Donna Neuberg, Cheng Li, Edward A Fox, Matthew Meyerson, Lisa Diller, Paolo Fortina, A Thomas Look, John M Maris

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastomas are characterized by chromosomal alterations with biological and clinical significance. We analyzed paired blood and primary tumor samples from 22 children with high-risk neuroblastoma for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and DNA copy number change using the Affymetrix 10K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array.

FINDINGS: Multiple areas of LOH and copy number gain were seen. The most commonly observed area of LOH was on chromosome arm 11q (15/22 samples; 68%). Chromosome 11q LOH was highly associated with occurrence of chromosome 3p LOH: 9 of the 15 samples with 11q LOH had concomitant 3p LOH (P = 0.016). Chromosome 1p …

Teenage Pregnancy: Impact Of The Integral Attention Given To The Pregnant Teenager And Adolescent Mother As A Protective Factor For Repeat Pregnancy, Maria José Carvalho Sant'anna, Kepler Alencar Mendes Carvalho, Amanda Melhado, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the integral attention to the health of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers, having follow-up from the Integral Support Program for the Pregnant Teen (ISPPT), with the intention to determine quality of life and prevent repeat pregnancy. A prospective study comprised 85 adolescents attended by the ISPPT between January 2002 and June 2006 who participated in meetings during pregnancy with a multidisciplinary team that provided orientation concerning family planning, self-esteem, pregnancy prevention, motivation to continue education and/or work, and evaluate the postpartum mother-child relationship. The following were analyzed: education level, …

Traumatic Brain Injury Stimulates Hippocampal Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase Expression In Microglia, John B Redell, Pramod K Dash

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is in large part determined by the combined action of multiple processes. In order to better understand the response of the central nervous system to injury, we utilized an antibody array to simultaneously screen 507 proteins for altered expression in the injured hippocampus, a structure critical for memory formation. Array analysis indicated 41 candidate proteins have altered expression levels 24h after TBI. Of particular interest was catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in metabolizing catecholamines released following neuronal activity. Altered catecholamine signaling has been observed after brain injury, and may contribute to the cognitive …

Social Determinants Of Health And Disease Working Together, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Ada News - 02/05/2007, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Atp Activates A Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Oxidative Stress Response And Secretion Of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In Macrophages, Christiane M. Cruz, Alessandra Rinna, Henry Jay Forman, Ana L. M. Ventura, Pedro M. Persechini, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, usually requires two signals. The first, due to microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide, initiates transcription of the cytokine genes and accumulation of the precursor proteins. Cleavage and secretion of the cytokines is mediated by caspase-1, in association with an inflammasome containing Nalp3, which can be activated by binding of extracellular ATP to purinergic receptors. We show that treatment of macrophages with ATP results in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which stimulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and subsequent Akt and ERK1/2 activation. ROS exerts its effect through glutathionylation of PTEN …

The Causal Effect Of Recent Leisure-Time Physical Activity On All-Cause Mortality Among The Elderly, Oliver Bembom, Mark J. Van Der Laan, Ira B. Tager

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We analyze data collected as part of a prospective cohort study of elderly people living in and around Sonoma, CA, in order to estimate, for each round of interviews, the causal effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) over the past year on the risk of mortality in the following two years. For each round of interviews, this effect is estimated separately for subpopulations defined based on past exercise habits, age, and whether subjects have had cardiac events in the past. This decomposition of the original longitudinal data structure into a series of point-treatment data structures corresponds to an application of …

Emotional Expression During Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders Treatment: Initial Assessment Of Treatment Effects., Christopher J. Kratochvil, D. Faries, Brigette S. Vaughan, A. Perwien, J. Busner, K. Saylor, S. Kaplan, C. Buermeyer, R. Swindle

Journal Articles: Psychiatry

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to provide an initial examination of the effects of atomoxetine and stimulants on emotional expression using a newly developed scale for assessing emotional expression in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHOD: The parent-rated Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) was collected during two studies. During a cross-sectional validation study, the EESC was completed to assess the child's current treatment and retrospectively for previous medication. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine, the EESC was collected at baseline and endpoint.

RESULTS: In the validation study, no statistically significant differences in EESC scores were …

High Dietary Fat Intake Is Not Associated With High Levels Of Circulating Lipoproteins Or Total Cholesterol, C. Jayne Brahler, C. Wilson, Janine Baer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the association between dietary intake of fats, waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and blood lipoproteins and total cholesterol (TC) using food frequency data in one group of apparently healthy, urban African American women and their daughters (n = 110). Subjects were fasted when blood was drawn, waist and hip circumferences and body weight and height were measured, and WHR and BMI were calculated.

Average daily total fat intakes were 91.46 g and 77.83 g for mothers and daughters, respectively, but average LDL levels of 104.4 g/L and 103.1 …