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Veterinary Medicine

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Articles 6181 - 6210 of 9767

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Identification Of Meat Species By Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Technique, O. İrfan İlhak, Ali̇ Arslan Jan 2007

Identification Of Meat Species By Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Technique, O. İrfan İlhak, Ali̇ Arslan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The origin of horse, dog, cat, bovine, sheep, porcine, and goat meat was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using species-specific primers. Test mixtures of meat were prepared by adding 5%, 2.5%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.1% levels of pork, horse, cat, or dog meat to beef, sheep, and goat meat. Samples taken from those combinations were analyzed by PCR for species determination. Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) fragments of 439, 322, 274, 271, 225, 212, and 157 bp for horse, dog, cat, bovine, sheep, porcine, and goat meat, respectively, were amplified. PCR was conducted at 30 cycles for mixtures …

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Some Cashmere Characteristics Of German Fawn X Hair Goat (B_1) Crossbreds And Shami (Damascus) Goats Of The Eastern Mediterranean Region, Mahmut Keski̇n, Osman Bi̇çer, Sabri̇ Gül Jan 2007

Some Cashmere Characteristics Of German Fawn X Hair Goat (B_1) Crossbreds And Shami (Damascus) Goats Of The Eastern Mediterranean Region, Mahmut Keski̇n, Osman Bi̇çer, Sabri̇ Gül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out with Damascus (Shami) goats and German Fawn x Hair goat (B1) crossbreds at Mustafa Kemal University. Animals were housed in semi-open sheds under semi-intensive conditions. Both groups were fed 600 g/head per day of concentrate and grazed in a pasture during lactation. Moulted cashmere was harvested by combing in February, March, and April, 2005, at 14-day intervals. The dimensions of cashmere fibres were determined by measuring 25 cashmere fibres from each goat using a Visopan microscope; fibre length was measured with a ruler. Mean diameter and length of cashmere for Shami and the crossbreds was …

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Determination Of The Toxins And Biotypes Of Clostridium Perfringens In Diarrhoeic Calves In The Kars District Of Turkey, Rahşan Koç, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce Jan 2007

Determination Of The Toxins And Biotypes Of Clostridium Perfringens In Diarrhoeic Calves In The Kars District Of Turkey, Rahşan Koç, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to determine the types of Clostridium perfringens and their toxins in diarrhoeic calves in Kars. For this purpose, 150 calves with diarrhoea, 13 dead calves, and 25 healthy calves of less than 1-month old were used. Faecal samples from the diarrhoeic and control calves and intestinal contents from the dead calves were collected and used to determine alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins produced by C. perfringens types using a commercially available ELISA test kit. A total of 122 (81.33%) faecal samples collected from the diarrhoeic calves were found to be positive for C. perfringens toxins. According …

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The Effects Of In Ovo Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 On Embryonic Development Of Musculus Longus Colli Dorsalis In Japanese Quail, Turgay Deprem, Nurhayat Gülmez Jan 2007

The Effects Of In Ovo Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 On Embryonic Development Of Musculus Longus Colli Dorsalis In Japanese Quail, Turgay Deprem, Nurhayat Gülmez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the histological development of the thoracic part of the m. longus colli dorsalis (m. spinalis thoracis) in Japanese quail embryos. A single in ovo dose of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) (100 ng embryo^{-1}) was administered through the blunt end of eggs via a single hole made with a dental drill bit, without penetrating the chorioallantoic membrane. For histological evaluation, the embryos were collected daily from days 7 to 16 of embryonic development (E). In ovo administration of rhIGF-1 increased the diameter of muscle …

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Coagulase Gene Polymorphism Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Subclinical Bovine Mastitis, Özkan Aslantaş, Cemi̇l Demi̇r, Hülya Türütoğlu, Zafer Canteki̇n, Yaşar Ergün, Gökhan Doğruer Jan 2007

Coagulase Gene Polymorphism Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Subclinical Bovine Mastitis, Özkan Aslantaş, Cemi̇l Demi̇r, Hülya Türütoğlu, Zafer Canteki̇n, Yaşar Ergün, Gökhan Doğruer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitic milk samples from 3 different Turkish cities (Hatay, Gaziantep, and Burdur). Amplification of the coagulase gene from 80 S. aureus isolates produced 5 different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products; 79 isolates showed only 1 amplicon, and 1 isolate showed 2 amplicons. The isolates were grouped into 9 genotypes by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the gene; the 2 most common genotypes accounted for 73.8% of the isolates. The results indicated that many coagulase gene genotypes are present in the …

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Influence Of Bovine Somatotropin And Replacement Of Corn Dextrose With Concentrate On The Performance Of Mid-Lactating Buffaloes Fed Urea-Treated Wheat Straw, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Asif Shahzad, Mahr-Un Nisa, Aboubakar Sufyan Jan 2007

Influence Of Bovine Somatotropin And Replacement Of Corn Dextrose With Concentrate On The Performance Of Mid-Lactating Buffaloes Fed Urea-Treated Wheat Straw, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Asif Shahzad, Mahr-Un Nisa, Aboubakar Sufyan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study examined the effect of bovine somatotropin (bST) in mid-lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n = 18) given varying levels of Enzose (corn dextrose) in a urea-treated wheat straw (UTWS) based ration on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilisation, milk yield, and its composition in a completely randomised design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. The control ration contained 60% UTWS and 40% concentrate. The other 2 rations were formulated to replace 50% or 100% concentrate portions of the ration with Enzose of equivalent energy. Enzose is a liquid derived from the enzymatic conversion of corn starch to dextrose, and …

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Traumatic Reticulopericarditis In A Saanen Goat, Ahmet Akkoç Jan 2007

Traumatic Reticulopericarditis In A Saanen Goat, Ahmet Akkoç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An unusual case of reticulopericarditis traumatica complicated with pythorax in a Saanen goat is described. Grossly, ascitic fluid accumulation, pyothorax, disseminated abscesses in the liver, spleen and lung, and severe fibrinopurulent exudation in the pericardial sac were observed. A needle syringe, 6 cm in length, was found within the fibrous tissue extending from the pericardial sac to the diaphragm and the anteroventral part of the reticulum. Microscopically, liver, spleen, and lung sections revealed variably sized abscesses surrounded by a wide zone of fibroblast proliferations and connective tissue capsule. Severe fibrous tissue reaction, accumulation of degenerated polymorph nuclear leucocytes, macrophages, and …

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Cystocaulus Ocreatus Infection In Anatolian Wild Sheep And Dwarf Goats, Nalan Kabakci, Kader Yildiz, Si̇bel Yasa Duru, Murat Yarim Jan 2007

Cystocaulus Ocreatus Infection In Anatolian Wild Sheep And Dwarf Goats, Nalan Kabakci, Kader Yildiz, Si̇bel Yasa Duru, Murat Yarim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An Anatolian wild sheep (Ovis orientalis anatolica) from a wild ruminant farm near Kırıkkale, Turkey, was necropsied. Parasitic nodules were situated beneath the pleura of the caudodorsal lobes of the lungs. First stage larvae of Cystocaulus ocreatus were detected both in bronchial fluid and in lung paraffin sections. Clinical and parasitological examinations of the other animals (4 dwarf goats and 3 wild sheep reared on the same farm) were also performed. First stage larvae of C. ocreatus, and eggs of Nematodirus spp. and Strongyloides spp. were observed in coproscopic examination. Anthelmintic treatment, Rabenzole^® (rafoxanide and thiabendazole, Topkim), was administered to …

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Effects Of Exogenous Oxytocin On Serologic And Seminal Steroids And Semen Characteristics In Rams, Tanzer Bozkurt, Gaffari̇ Türk, Seyfetti̇n Gür Jan 2007

Effects Of Exogenous Oxytocin On Serologic And Seminal Steroids And Semen Characteristics In Rams, Tanzer Bozkurt, Gaffari̇ Türk, Seyfetti̇n Gür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of IV injection of oxytocin (OT) on serum and seminal plasma levels of oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), and semen characteristics in rams. Twelve 3-year-old Awassi adult rams were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (control and treatment). Physiological saline (0.5 ml) was injected IV into each ram in the control group, whereas OT was administered IV at a single dose of 5 IU to each ram in the treatment group. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and semen samples were taken by an electroejaculator from …

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Pathological, Immunohistochemical, And Electron Microscopic Findings In The Respiratory Tract And Skin Of Chickens Naturally Infected With Avipoxvirus, Enver Beytut, Mehmet Haligur Jan 2007

Pathological, Immunohistochemical, And Electron Microscopic Findings In The Respiratory Tract And Skin Of Chickens Naturally Infected With Avipoxvirus, Enver Beytut, Mehmet Haligur

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study describes pathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in the respiratory tract and skin of chickens naturally infected with avian pox virus. Respiratory distress, depression, and cyanosis were found in the chickens upon clinical examination. At necropsy, erosion, crusts, and nodules were observed on the comb, wattle, and eyelids. Histopathological examination revealed that the epithelial cells in the stratum spinosum were hyperplastic, and that their cytoplasm contained large, eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Epithelial hyperplasia was also prominent in the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi, with characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and severe submucosal accumulation of mononuclear cells. Avipoxvirus infection …

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Expression Of The \Beta-(1,3-1,4)-Glucanase Gene In Streptococcus Salivarius Subsp. Thermophilus, Meltem Aşan, Numan Özcan Jan 2007

Expression Of The \Beta-(1,3-1,4)-Glucanase Gene In Streptococcus Salivarius Subsp. Thermophilus, Meltem Aşan, Numan Özcan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was the transformation and expression of the \beta -(1,3-1,4)-glucanase (lichenase) gene in Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus to create a recombinant probiotic for poultry and improve the thermostability of the lichenase enzyme. The recombinant plasmid TL1R containing the \beta -(1,3-1,4)-glucanase gene was introduced into S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus by electrotransformation. The expressing of the \beta -(1,3-1,4)-glucanase gene in S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus was confirmed on lichenan plate, SDS-PAGE, and zymogram analysis. The \beta -(1,3-1,4)-glucanase enzyme expressed by S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus cells seemed to increase its capacity for thermoresistance and so it maintained its activity at …

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Virulence Properties Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Clinical Bovine Mastitis, Leyla Güler, Kadri̇ Gündüz Jan 2007

Virulence Properties Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Clinical Bovine Mastitis, Leyla Güler, Kadri̇ Gündüz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of the genes for some virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis. A total of 100 E. coli isolates, each isolated from individual cows in different herds between 2000 and 2005, were examined. Two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to detect the presence of the genes encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2), intimin (eaeA), heat-stable enterotoxin a (Sta), and F5 (K99), F41, and F17 fimbriae. In the PCR assays, 9 isolates were positive for the genes of F17 fimbriae and only …

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Lyme Disease (Borreliosis) In A Saint Bernard Dog: First Clinical Case In Turkey, Erol Güçlü Gülanber, Aynur Gülanber, Reyhan Albayrak, Nusret Gürkan Gülanber, Erdal Polat Jan 2007

Lyme Disease (Borreliosis) In A Saint Bernard Dog: First Clinical Case In Turkey, Erol Güçlü Gülanber, Aynur Gülanber, Reyhan Albayrak, Nusret Gürkan Gülanber, Erdal Polat

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Lyme disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes species. This is the first clinical case report of Lyme disease in Turkey. The subject was a 2-year-old male Saint Bernard with recurrent shifting leg lameness that began at about 6 months of age. In sera samples, B. burgdorferi IgM, IgG, and Western Blot were found to be positive. Chronic borreliosis was diagnosed and a long-term amoxicillin treatment was recommended. One year after the initial presentation, the dog was asymptomatic according to the owner. A clinical examination performed 2 years …

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Sex Determination By Chdw And Chdz Genes Of Avian Sex Chromosomes In Nymphicus Hollandicus, Harun Ceri̇t, Kozet Avanus Jan 2007

Sex Determination By Chdw And Chdz Genes Of Avian Sex Chromosomes In Nymphicus Hollandicus, Harun Ceri̇t, Kozet Avanus

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was sex determination in Nymphicus hollandicus without giving it any harm and obtaining accurate results by DNA analysis. CHD genes are preserved within avian Z and W sex chromosomes. The intron regions of the CHDW and CHDZ genes vary between male (ZZ) and female (ZW) individuals. The method used in this study was based on this difference. DNA was extracted from feathers instead of blood. The intron regions of CHDW and CHDZ genes were amplified by sex specific primers (P2 and P8). PCR products were screened by agarose gel electrophoresis. Individuals showing double (ZW) and …

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Relation Between Abdominal Fat And Serum Cholesterol, Triglycerides, And Lipoprotein Concentrations In Chicken Breeds, Hassan Hussein Musa, Guo H. Chen, Jin H. Cheng, Galal M. Yousif Jan 2007

Relation Between Abdominal Fat And Serum Cholesterol, Triglycerides, And Lipoprotein Concentrations In Chicken Breeds, Hassan Hussein Musa, Guo H. Chen, Jin H. Cheng, Galal M. Yousif

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between abdominal fat and serum biochemical indices in chicken. In the study, 120 chickens at 12 weeks of age from Anka and Rugao breeds were used. They were reared under the same environment and management. Blood samples were taken, the serum was harvested by centrifugation, and then the total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were assayed using an enzymatic kit. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined using the Friedwald equation. Chickens were slaughtered and the carcasses were dissected manually to estimate the abdominal fat weight. …

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Comparison Of Spermatological Characteristics And Biochemical Seminal Plasma Parameters Of Normozoospermic And Oligoasthenozoospermic Bulls Of Two Breeds, Mesut Çevi̇k, Pürhan Barbaros Tuncer, Umut Taşdemi̇r, Taner Özgürtaş Jan 2007

Comparison Of Spermatological Characteristics And Biochemical Seminal Plasma Parameters Of Normozoospermic And Oligoasthenozoospermic Bulls Of Two Breeds, Mesut Çevi̇k, Pürhan Barbaros Tuncer, Umut Taşdemi̇r, Taner Özgürtaş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in spermatological and seminal plasma biochemical characteristics between normozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic bulls. A total of 8 bulls were used and they were divided into 4 groups: Holstein normozoospermic (HN) and oligoasthenozoospermic (HO), and Brown Swiss normozoospermic (BSN) and oligoasthenozoospermic (BSO). Spermatological parameters investigated included semen volume, color, concentration, motility, and percentage of abnormal sperm. Biochemical parameters measured in seminal plasma included pH, glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol (CH), triglyceride, Mg, inorganic P (P_i), Ca, Na, K, and Cl ion concentrations. Colorimetric and ion selective electrode methods were used for …

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Modelling The Protein And Amino Acid Requirements Of The Greater Rhea (Rhea Americana), James Sales Jan 2007

Modelling The Protein And Amino Acid Requirements Of The Greater Rhea (Rhea Americana), James Sales

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Protein and amino acid requirements of the Greater rhea (Rhea americana) have been estimated from growth data available for this species, and assumptions derived with other closely related species. Differences in body weight and growth pattern caused considerable higher protein and amino acid requirements for males compared to females after 3 months of age. Whereas the absolute protein requirement is comparable between males (148 g/day) and females (144.5 g/day) at 50 days of age, 21.8 g/day protein is needed by males at 500 days of age compared to 12.2 g/day for females. Limitations include the lack of knowledge on feed …

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Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Brentensen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean Jan 2007

Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Brentensen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobaterium bovis, and is transmissible to humans, wildlife and domestic livestock. In the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) serve as a reservoir for the disease and pose a significant threat to domestic cattle and captive cervids. Scientists at USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center have designed a variety of laboratory and field studies aimed at reducing or eliminating bTB infection in cattle by interrupting the transmission of the disease from wildlife reservoirs. These strategies include reducing bTB in deer by delivery of …

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Research Strategies Of The National Wildlife Research Center To Control Bovine Tuberculosis In Wildlife In Michigan, Usa, A. R. Berentsen, M. R. Dunbary, R. G. Mclean Jan 2007

Research Strategies Of The National Wildlife Research Center To Control Bovine Tuberculosis In Wildlife In Michigan, Usa, A. R. Berentsen, M. R. Dunbary, R. G. Mclean

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobaterium bovis and is transmissible to humans, wildlife, and domestic livestock. In the United Kingdom, the suspected wildlife reservoir of bTB is the badger (Meles meles) (HUTCHINGS and HARRIS, 1997), and in New Zealand, the culprit is the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) (MORRIS et al., 1994). In northern Michigan, USA, bovine tuberculosis is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). In 1975 a hunter-killed white-tailed deer in Alpena County, Michigan, USA, was tested positive for bTB. Subsequent surveillance by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) …

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Risk Factors Associated With The Prevalence Of Tuberculosis-Like Lesions In Fenced Wild Boar And Red Deer In South Central Spain, Joaquin Vicente, Ursula Hofle, Joseba M. Garrido, Isabel G. Fernandez-De-Mera, Pelayo Acevedo, Ramon Juste, Marta Barral, Christian Gortazar Jan 2007

Risk Factors Associated With The Prevalence Of Tuberculosis-Like Lesions In Fenced Wild Boar And Red Deer In South Central Spain, Joaquin Vicente, Ursula Hofle, Joseba M. Garrido, Isabel G. Fernandez-De-Mera, Pelayo Acevedo, Ramon Juste, Marta Barral, Christian Gortazar

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In recent decades the management of large game mammals has become increasingly intensive in south central Spain (SCS), resulting in complex epidemiological scenarios for disease maintenance, and has probably impeded schemes to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in domestic livestock. We conducted an analysis of risk factors which investigated associations between the pattern of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) across 19 hunting estates from SCS and an extensive set of variables related to game management, land use and habitat structure. The aggregation of wild boar at artificial watering sites was …

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Vaccination Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) With Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, W. R. Waters Jan 2007

Vaccination Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) With Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, W. R. Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. In Michigan, USA tuberculous white-tailed deer transmit M. bovis to cattle. One approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer in order to interrupt the cycle of deer to deer and deer to cattle transmission. Thirty-one white-tailed deer were assigned to one of three groups; 2 SC doses of 107 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 11); 1 SC dose of 107 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 10); or unvaccinated deer (n = 10). …

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Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Aspergillosis In Adult Turkeys, Enver Beytut Jan 2007

Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Aspergillosis In Adult Turkeys, Enver Beytut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to apply immunohistochemistry, using a commercially available monoclonal antibody, for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in adult turkeys. Eight adult turkeys were studied. The lungs revealed grossly a few yellowish-white granulomas. Histopathologically, the granulomas were distributed in the pulmonary parenchyma or occasionally located around the airways. A few fungal hyphae were detected within the necrotic debris of the granulomas in the lungs using routine fungal stains. Immunohistochemical staining performed on lung sections from all of the turkeys disclosed fungal hyphae and their fragments clearly within the necrotic debris and within the cytoplasm of macrophages …

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Characterization Of A Virulence Related Hypothetical Protein In Edwardsiella Ictaluri, Ildiko Katalin Polyak Jan 2007

Characterization Of A Virulence Related Hypothetical Protein In Edwardsiella Ictaluri, Ildiko Katalin Polyak

LSU Master's Theses

Although the biochemical characterization of E. ictaluri, the subsequent disease progression of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), and the associated pathologic lesions are well characterized, the mechanism of invasion of E. ictaluri into a susceptible host is poorly understood. Identification and confirmation of virulence factors and associated genes of E. ictaluri is crucial to elucidating the pathogenesis of this important disease. A signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) study conducted by Thune et al. (2006) identified 50 E. ictaluri clones with transposon insertions in genes potentially involved in pathogenesis. A specific STM mutant, 233PR, carrying a transposon insertion in a gene encoding …

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Evaluating The Effect Of Two Commercial Antimicrobial Products On Salmonella Spp. In The Aquatic Habitat Of The Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys Scripta Elegans), Trevor Theadore Zachariah Jan 2007

Evaluating The Effect Of Two Commercial Antimicrobial Products On Salmonella Spp. In The Aquatic Habitat Of The Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys Scripta Elegans), Trevor Theadore Zachariah

LSU Master's Theses

Turtle-associated salmonellosis was recognized as a public health concern in the 1960’s, particularly due to an increase in the incidence of disease among children. In response to the public health threat, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented regulations in 1975 restricting the sale of turtle eggs and turtles with a carapace length less than 10.2 cm. Since that time, attempts to eliminate Salmonella from turtles using antibiotics have been unsuccessful and lead to antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella on turtle farms. Recent work has focused on identifying non-antibiotic products to suppress or eliminate Salmonella and reverse the …

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Depletion Of 32-Kbp Circular Plasmids From Borrelia Burgdorferi, Amanda Paige Derouen Polito Jan 2007

Depletion Of 32-Kbp Circular Plasmids From Borrelia Burgdorferi, Amanda Paige Derouen Polito

LSU Master's Theses

The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has a very unusual genome composed of one linear chromosome and up to 21 linear and circular plasmids. Several plasmids are known to be important either for mammalian infection or tick colonization. A single spirochete harbors up to 7 different cp32 plasmids; however, nothing is known about their role in mammalian infection. The plasmids in this family are well maintained during in vitro cultivation, making it difficult to study their functions. To effectively deplete the plasmids, an 8kbp fragment containing essential elements for replication and partitioning in B. burgdorferi was amplified from one of …

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Influence Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha And Minocycline On Microglia And Macrophage Activation During Polytropic Retrovirus Infection, Meryll E. Corbin Jan 2007

Influence Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha And Minocycline On Microglia And Macrophage Activation During Polytropic Retrovirus Infection, Meryll E. Corbin

LSU Master's Theses

Microglia/macrophage activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases including human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, transmissible spongiform encephalitis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies have indicated a role for TNFα in activating these cells which leads to their migration, proliferation, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that may potentially damage brain tissue. In the current study, we analyzed the phenotype of microglia and macrophages enriched from wild type and TNFα deficient mice infected with a neurovirulent murine retrovirus. Although TNF receptors CD120a and CD120b were expressed on both microglia and macrophage population, unaltered by either retrovirus …

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The Role Of Toll-Like Receptor 7 In The Neuropathogenesis Of Retrovirus Infection In Neonates, Stephanie Diane Lewis Jan 2007

The Role Of Toll-Like Receptor 7 In The Neuropathogenesis Of Retrovirus Infection In Neonates, Stephanie Diane Lewis

LSU Master's Theses

Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in infants are rare; however, they are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. These virus infections often induce strong innate immune responses in the brain including: the production of cytokines and chemokines, the activation of astrocytes and microglia and the recruitment of macrophages. Innate immune responses are often initiated by toll-like receptors (TLR). Several studies have demonstrated that toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) can be stimulated by single-stranded RNA from multiple viruses. In the current study, we examined the mechanism by which TLR7 contributes to neuroinflammation in the neonatal brain using a …

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Evaluation Of Selected Immune Response To Haemonchus Contortus In Gulf Coast Native Compared To Suffolk Lambs, Krishna P. Shakya Jan 2007

Evaluation Of Selected Immune Response To Haemonchus Contortus In Gulf Coast Native Compared To Suffolk Lambs, Krishna P. Shakya

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Haemonchus contortus is one of the major nematode parasites causing substantial economic losses in small ruminant farming worldwide. Recently, effect of anthelmintic treatment has decreased due to an increasing problem of nematode populations that have developed resistance to anthelmintics. There are certain breeds of sheep that are identified as being relatively resistant to the parasite including Gulf Coast Native (Native) sheep. Understanding the mode of immune response that helps these breeds of sheep control infection could help design vaccines and enhance control programs. This experiment was designed to evaluate the immunological responses of Native, compared with susceptible Suffolk sheep that …

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Tracing The Origin Of The Recent Rise In Neuropathogenic Ehv-1, Kathryn Laura Smith Jan 2007

Tracing The Origin Of The Recent Rise In Neuropathogenic Ehv-1, Kathryn Laura Smith

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Equine herpesvirus type-1(EHV-1) is a complex virus known for inducing various forms of disease in horses. In recent years, the number of cases of neurological disease caused by this virus has increased. While there are a number of possible sources for this recent surge, this project set out to determine if a genotypic shift in the latent population of the virus in favor of the neuropathogenic form of EHV-1 is the basis for the recent increase in frequency of EHV-1 neurologic disease. To ascertain if such a shift has in fact occurred, 450 EHV-1 isolates were obtained from fetal tissues …

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Brucella Melitensis: The Evaluation Of A Putative Hemagglutinin Gene's Effect On Virulence In The Caprine Model, Quinesha Laticia Perry Jan 2007

Brucella Melitensis: The Evaluation Of A Putative Hemagglutinin Gene's Effect On Virulence In The Caprine Model, Quinesha Laticia Perry

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Brucella melitensis is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes abortions in goats and sheep and Malta fever in humans. The zoonotic disease brucellosis causes severe economic losses in the Mediterranean region and parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. With the completion of the genomic sequences of B. abortus 2308 and B. melitensis 16M, no classical virulence factors were found; and the chromosomes were virtually identical. However, in B. melitensis, a putative hemagglutinin gene was identified which is absent in B. abortus. The possibility of the hemagglutinin gene being a potential virulence factor was evaluated via gene replacement/deletion in …

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