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Articles 5821 - 5850 of 9767

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Expression Of The Edwardsiella Ictaluri Type Iii Secretion System And Its Relationship To The Native Plasmids, Matthew Lee Rogge Jan 2009

Expression Of The Edwardsiella Ictaluri Type Iii Secretion System And Its Relationship To The Native Plasmids, Matthew Lee Rogge

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Edwardsiella ictaluri encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) required for intracellular replication. Analysis of in vitro gene expression indicates the T3SS translocon proteins express and secrete in acidic pH. Expression of other T3SS genes, however, requires that phosphate be limited in the culture media, in addition to acidic pH. Responses to environmental stimuli are mediated through the T3SS-encoded regulatory proteins EsrA, EsrB, and EsrC. Mutations in these genes result in differing phenotypes. Mutation of EsrA results in moderately reduced expression of T3SS genes, but translocon protein secretion is retained in the mutant. However, the EsrA mutant is attenuated intracellularly …

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Innate Immune Responses In The Central Nervous System Following Toll-Like Receptor (Tlr) 7 And Tlr9 Activation, Niranjan Babu Butchi Jan 2009

Innate Immune Responses In The Central Nervous System Following Toll-Like Receptor (Tlr) 7 And Tlr9 Activation, Niranjan Babu Butchi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Activation of astrocytes and microglia and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are often associated with virus infection in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as a number of neurological diseases of unknown etiology. These inflammatory responses may be initiated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that stimulate toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recent studies demonstrated that TLR9 family receptors play a role in neuropathogenesis and the agonists of these receptors may be used in therapeutics treatment of brain tumors and viral infections. However, we lack the basic understanding of how these receptors function in the CNS. In the present …

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Effects Of Two Different Types Of Montmorillonite On Growth Performance And Serum Profiles Of Broiler Chicks During Aflatoxicosis, Yinghua Shi, Zirong Xu, Yu Sun, Chengzhang Wang, Jianlei Feng Jan 2009

Effects Of Two Different Types Of Montmorillonite On Growth Performance And Serum Profiles Of Broiler Chicks During Aflatoxicosis, Yinghua Shi, Zirong Xu, Yu Sun, Chengzhang Wang, Jianlei Feng

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of montmorillonite (M) and montmorillonite nanocomposite (MN) to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin (AF) in broiler chicks from 0 to 42 days of age. A total of 240 chicks were assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups (0 g of adsorbents and 0 mg of AF/kg feed, 3 g of M/kg feed, 3 g of MN/kg feed, 0.11 mg of AF/kg feed, 0.11 mg of AF plus 3 g of M/kg feed, and 0.11 mg of AF plus 3 g of MN/kg feed). Compared to the control, AF alone significantly decreased ADG and feed …

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The Effects Of Feeding Level And Stocking Density On The Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Himri Barbel Fry, Barbus Luteus (Heckel, 1843), Kaya Gökçek, Yalçin Tepe Jan 2009

The Effects Of Feeding Level And Stocking Density On The Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Himri Barbel Fry, Barbus Luteus (Heckel, 1843), Kaya Gökçek, Yalçin Tepe

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two stocking densities (20 and 40 fry/80-l tank) with 4 feeding rates (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% body weight/day) were used to determine the optimum feeding level for himri barbel fry during a 60-day culture period. Water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and total ammonia nitrogen) were monitored during the experiment. Final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly lower with the 2.5% feeding rate than with the others, at both stocking densities; however, no significant differences were observed between the other feeding rates and between stocking densities. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.37 was …

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The Effect Of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) On Some Quality Properties And Shelf-Life Of Set And Stirred Yoghurt, Engi̇n Gündoğdu, Songül Çakmakçi, Eli̇f Dağdemi̇r Jan 2009

The Effect Of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) On Some Quality Properties And Shelf-Life Of Set And Stirred Yoghurt, Engi̇n Gündoğdu, Songül Çakmakçi, Eli̇f Dağdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine some properties of set and stirred type yoghurts containing 0.5% and 1% garlic (Allium sativum L.) during storage period of 28 days at 4±1 °C. Some microbiological, physical, chemical, and sensory properties of yoghurts were determined in days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the storage period. Coliform bacteria were not detected in all samples during the storage period ( 0.05) and sensory scores of yoghurts decreased during the storage period. It was also shown that the control group could be safely consumed up to day 7 of storage while garlic groups could …

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Evaluation Of Cardiac Troponin I And Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expressions In Lambs With White Muscle Disease, Recai̇ Tunca, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Mahmut Sözmen, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Alpaslan Kadi̇r Devri̇m, Serpi̇l Ergi̇nsoy, Erdoğan Uzlu Jan 2009

Evaluation Of Cardiac Troponin I And Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expressions In Lambs With White Muscle Disease, Recai̇ Tunca, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Mahmut Sözmen, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Alpaslan Kadi̇r Devri̇m, Serpi̇l Ergi̇nsoy, Erdoğan Uzlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

White muscle disease (WMD) is a world-wide nutritional disease of all animal species characterised by degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles. In the present study we determined the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in hearts of the lambs with WMD (n = 15). Eight clinically healthy lambs served as control. Creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were analysed for both groups. cTnI levels were measured by a commercially available ELISA kit. Mean cTnI (10.49 ± 0.25 ng/ml), CK (261.16 ± 38.61 U/l), CK-MB (214.16 ± …

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Detection Of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae In Pigs In Turkey, Arzu Funda Bağcigi̇l, Serkan İki̇z, N. Yakut Özgür Jan 2009

Detection Of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae In Pigs In Turkey, Arzu Funda Bağcigi̇l, Serkan İki̇z, N. Yakut Özgür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of M. hyopneumoniae in pigs raised in Turkey. Samples were obtained from the lungs of 286 pigs, which had already been separated from the carcasses at slaughter. Lung tissues were homogenized in 5 ml of Friis medium, the suspensions were inoculated into Friis medium, and then incubated at 37 °C until they developed an acid color change or for 21 days. Cultures were identified by M. hyopneumoniae-specific PCR. M. hyopneumoniae was recovered from 2 (0.70%) of the 286 lung …

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Vascular Ring Anomaly Associated With Right Aortic Arch In A German Shepherd Dog, Ebru Yalçin, Nureddi̇n Çeli̇mli̇, İ. Taci̇ Cangül, Ahmet Akkoç, Zeki̇ Yilmaz Jan 2009

Vascular Ring Anomaly Associated With Right Aortic Arch In A German Shepherd Dog, Ebru Yalçin, Nureddi̇n Çeli̇mli̇, İ. Taci̇ Cangül, Ahmet Akkoç, Zeki̇ Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 12-week-old, intact, male German shepherd dog was presented with a history of regurgitation since weaning to solid food. The dog was emaciated, and the cervical esophagus of the animal was palpable as a flaccid and air-filled cavity. Contrast radiography of esophagus revealed contrast material accumulation in the thoracic esophagus craniodorsal to the heart. A diagnosis of vascular ring anomaly was made and surgical correction of the defect was decided. The dog died during the preoperative period despite supportive treatment in intensive care unit. Necropsy findings confirmed a diagnosis of persistent right aortic arch.

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The Relationship Between Morphometric And Long Bone Measurements Of The Morkaraman Sheep, Hasan Alpak, Vedat Onar, Rifat Mutuş Jan 2009

The Relationship Between Morphometric And Long Bone Measurements Of The Morkaraman Sheep, Hasan Alpak, Vedat Onar, Rifat Mutuş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, a total of 40 adult female Morkaraman sheep, a local Turkish breed, were used. After taking their body measurements and carcass weights, the meat was cut off the bones; the skeletal bones were then removed, macerated and every long bone weighed. Thereafter, morphometric measurements of the long bones were taken. The coefficients obtained from the correlation of osteometric measurements and morphological data were in general low (r < 0.600), though certain relationships were found to be significant. Regression of morphological variables on osteometric measurements was statistically significant. By this, regression formulas were obtained which can contribute to predict the visible morphology in zooarchaeological studies. Length measurements would be more suitable for predicting shoulder height than using width measurements of the long bone. On the other hand, body and carcass weights and chest circle would be determined more efficiently by measuring the width of long bones (Bp, Bd, SD). Furthermore, the humero-femoral index formula can be used to identify sheep in an archaeological bone collection of several animals.

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Seasonal Changes In Condition, Hepatosomatic Index And Parasitism In Sterlet (Acipenser Ruthenus L.), Mirjana Lenhardt, Ivan Jaric, Predrag Cakic, Gorcin Cvijanovic, Zoran Gacic, Jelena Kolarevic Jan 2009

Seasonal Changes In Condition, Hepatosomatic Index And Parasitism In Sterlet (Acipenser Ruthenus L.), Mirjana Lenhardt, Ivan Jaric, Predrag Cakic, Gorcin Cvijanovic, Zoran Gacic, Jelena Kolarevic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Measurements of biomarker responses in fish from contaminated sites could provide valuable data for environmental risk assessment. Biomarkers are sensitive to both environmental pollution and confounding factors that are not related to pollution (e.g., season, nutritional status, and population density). Unfortunately, data about the latter group are scarce. Therefore, juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) specimens were collected on a monthly basis from the Danube River from September 2002 through August 2003 to determine if seasonal changes exist in condition, hepatosomatic index, and parasitism. Fulton condition factor (FCF range: 0.27 - 0.79), hepatosomatic index (HSI range: 1.14 - 6.67) and Skrjabinopsolus …

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Comparative Pharmacokinetics And Pk/Pd Parameters Of Five Aminoglycosides In Goats, Toncho Dinev, Valentina Urumova, Mihni Lyutskanov, Lubomir Lashev Jan 2009

Comparative Pharmacokinetics And Pk/Pd Parameters Of Five Aminoglycosides In Goats, Toncho Dinev, Valentina Urumova, Mihni Lyutskanov, Lubomir Lashev

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and apramycin were investigated after single intravenous administration in goats. their antimicrobial activity against 30 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats was also studied. On the base of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, a comparison between antibiotics was made. All 5 antibiotics showed a marked high in vitro antibacterial activity. The lowest MIC_{90} values were those of amikacin and the highest one was of kanamycin. The ratios of Cmax/MIC showed that amikacin has an advantage of providing the highest values of the concentration/MIC_{90} ratio, as well of the time providing bactericidal levels, …

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Estimates Of (Co) Variance Components For Direct And Maternal Effects On Birth Weight Of Karacabey Merino Lambs, Mehmet Koyuncu, Serdar Duru Jan 2009

Estimates Of (Co) Variance Components For Direct And Maternal Effects On Birth Weight Of Karacabey Merino Lambs, Mehmet Koyuncu, Serdar Duru

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to estimate (co) variance components for birth weights of Karacabey Merino lambs. The model fitted included direct genetic, maternal genetic, and direct-maternal genetic covariance and maternal permanent environmental effects. Data and pedigree information of the Karacabey Merino sheep used in this study were collected at the Marmara Animal Breeding Research Institute from 1998 to 2002. Variance components for birth weights were estimated by the MTDFREML. A direct heritability estimate of 0.08 and a maternal heritability estimate of 0.05 were obtained for birth weight. The maternal permanent environmental effect was significant. The estimate of …

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Melatonin Administration Increases Antioxidant Enzymes Activities And Reduces Lipid Peroxidation In The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Erythrocytes, İlhami̇ Gülçi̇n, Şükrü Beydemi̇r, Olcay Hi̇sar, Ekrem Köksal, Russel J. Reiter Jan 2009

Melatonin Administration Increases Antioxidant Enzymes Activities And Reduces Lipid Peroxidation In The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Erythrocytes, İlhami̇ Gülçi̇n, Şükrü Beydemi̇r, Olcay Hi̇sar, Ekrem Köksal, Russel J. Reiter

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Effects of melatonin on the levels of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GRd), and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, in erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. The results showed that melatonin statistically activated the CAT, POD, and GRd activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly decreased as a result of melatonin treatment (P < 0.01).

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Influence Of Cyclosporine A And Quercetine On Mic Values Of Danofloxacin Mesylate In Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Poultry, Nikolina Velizarova Rusenova, Aneliya Milanova Haritova, Parvan Rusenov Parvanov Jan 2009

Influence Of Cyclosporine A And Quercetine On Mic Values Of Danofloxacin Mesylate In Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Poultry, Nikolina Velizarova Rusenova, Aneliya Milanova Haritova, Parvan Rusenov Parvanov

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, sensitive and resistant strains of E. coli, isolated from chickens with colibacillosis were tested. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of modulators of ABC efflux transporters in eukaryotic cells cyclosporine A and quercetine on MIC values of danofloxacin mesylate. MIC values of danofloxacine mesylate against the chosen strains were determined with or without modulators at concentrations of 25 \mu M, 5 \mu M, 1 \mu M, and 0.2 \mu M by macro broth dilution method. Results show that in the presence of cyclosporine A, MIC values decreased from …

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Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism In Intron I Of The Chicken Apovldl-Ii Gene, And Its Relationship With Triglyceride And Very Low Density Lipoprotein Concentrations, Hassan Hussein Musa, Guo H. Chen, Jin H. Cheng, Wen B. Bao, Adam H. Suleiman Jan 2009

Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism In Intron I Of The Chicken Apovldl-Ii Gene, And Its Relationship With Triglyceride And Very Low Density Lipoprotein Concentrations, Hassan Hussein Musa, Guo H. Chen, Jin H. Cheng, Wen B. Bao, Adam H. Suleiman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Genetically fat and lean chickens reared identically in the same environment were used to investigate the effect of the apoVLDL-II gene (intron I) on total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein concentrations. The overall allele frequency in the 2 populations was 0.59 for allele A and 0.41 for allele B. The allele frequency in the Rugao breed was 0.52 for allele A and 0.48 for allele B; however, in the Anka breed it was 0.65 for allele A and 0.35 for allele B. The apoVLDL-II genotype in the genetically fat Anka breed was associated with a significant increase in serum triacylglyceride concentration …

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Identification Of Different Protozoa Species From A Common Buzzard (Buteo Buteo), Özlem Özmen, Mehmet Haligür, Ramazan Adanir Jan 2009

Identification Of Different Protozoa Species From A Common Buzzard (Buteo Buteo), Özlem Özmen, Mehmet Haligür, Ramazan Adanir

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An adult, female common buzzard (Buteo buteo) with paraplegia due to shooting wound on the sacral region was diagnosed with Leucocytozoon toddi, Haemoproteus elani, and Histomonas meleagridis. This is the first report of simultaneous naturally occurring Leucocytozoon toddi, Haemoproteus elani, and Histomonas meleagridis identification in a buzzard.

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Growth Response Of Yearling Buffalo Male Calves To Different Dietary Energy Levels, Homayoun Mahmoudzadeh, Hassan Fazaeli Jan 2009

Growth Response Of Yearling Buffalo Male Calves To Different Dietary Energy Levels, Homayoun Mahmoudzadeh, Hassan Fazaeli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate different levels of energy for optimum growth in Iranian regional buffalo male calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 27 yearling buffalo male calves with initial live weight of 201 ± 14 kg. Three diets were formulated to provide 90%, 100%, and 110% energy level requirements equivalent to those of steers derived from NRC beef cattle recommendations and they were fed ad libitum for 2 consecutive 90 day trial periods where the crude protein was 11.2% in the first and 10.22% in the second period. Dry matter intake of the high energy diets was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those with lower energy contents in both periods. At both stages, daily gain was higher (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio improved when the animals received NRC recommended energy diets. There were no significant differences between treatments for the carcass traits with exception of abdominal fat, which was significantly affected by the energy levels (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that the optimum growth rate of buffalo male calves may be obtained by providing the NRC beef cattle standard dietary metabolizable energy from yearling to 18 months of age.

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Characterisation Of Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Bovine Mastitis Using Protein And Plasmid Patterns, Emi̇ne Arslan, Ayten Çelebi̇, Leyla Açik, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan Jan 2009

Characterisation Of Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Bovine Mastitis Using Protein And Plasmid Patterns, Emi̇ne Arslan, Ayten Çelebi̇, Leyla Açik, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this work was to study the protein patterns, plasmid profiles, and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus isolates originating from mastitic mammary glands of dairy cattle in different parts of Konya province. A total of 114 Staphylococcus species were isolated and identified by conventional bacteriological methods from bovine mastitis. Of the total isolates 77 were identified as S. aureus and 37 as S. intermedius. Intra- and inter-species diversities in the coagulase-positive staphylococci were investigated by analysis of whole-cell protein profiles using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Plasmid profiling also demonstrated that 75 S. aureus …

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Determination Of Diastolic Dysfunction By Conventional And Doppler Tissue Echocardiography In Dogs, Murat Ki̇bar, Mato Markovic, Ursula S. Kolm, Johann Thalhammer Jan 2009

Determination Of Diastolic Dysfunction By Conventional And Doppler Tissue Echocardiography In Dogs, Murat Ki̇bar, Mato Markovic, Ursula S. Kolm, Johann Thalhammer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and the diagnostic value of conventional Doppler parameters of transmitral inflows and Doppler tissue echocardiography parameters of septal annulus motion for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in dogs with cardiac failure. The LV diastolic mitral flow patterns were divided into normal diastolic flow pattern (group 1), delayed relaxation pattern (group 2), pseudonormal flow pattern (group 3), and restrictive pattern (group 4). In our study population, 17 patients had normal mitral inflow variables (E/A ratio > 1 and Dt < 109 m). The other 7 patients were classified as having abnormal mitral inflow pattern (E' > 8 cm/s, E'/A' > 1). In conclusion, the combination of Doppler tissue echocardiography of …

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Phenotypic Characterisation Of Enterococcus Spp. From Femoral Head Necrosis Lesions Of Chickens, Nevi̇n Oktay, Seran Temelli̇, K. Tayfun Çarli Jan 2009

Phenotypic Characterisation Of Enterococcus Spp. From Femoral Head Necrosis Lesions Of Chickens, Nevi̇n Oktay, Seran Temelli̇, K. Tayfun Çarli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two types of Enterococcus species were isolated from femoral head necrosis lesions of chickens. A total of 150 femoral articular tissues, of which 121 were from commercial broilers, 18 from broiler breeders, and 11 from layer breeders, were sampled. Out of 48 Enterococcus isolates of these clinical samples, 37 and 11 isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, respectively. Additionally, 42 (28%) Escherichia coli and 33 (22%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained either alone or together with 1 of the 2 Enterococcus species from the same clinical samples, while no bacteria were detected from the remaining 56 samples. …

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Seasonal Variation Of Hysterothylacium Aduncum (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) Infestation In Sparid Fishes In The Northeast Mediterranean Sea, Mustafa Kalay, Ahmet Erdem Dönmez, Cafer Erki̇n Koyuncu, Ercüment Genç, Güzi̇n Şahi̇n Jan 2009

Seasonal Variation Of Hysterothylacium Aduncum (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) Infestation In Sparid Fishes In The Northeast Mediterranean Sea, Mustafa Kalay, Ahmet Erdem Dönmez, Cafer Erki̇n Koyuncu, Ercüment Genç, Güzi̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The presence of a Raphidascarid parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) in the sparid fish Sparus aurata and Diplodus vulgaris was investigated in this study. A total of 471 individuals (208 Sparus aurata and 263 Diplodus vulgaris) collected for this purpose from the Gulf of Mersin between May 2003 and April 2004 were examined. Seasonal variation in the intensity (MI: mean ± SD) and prevalence (P: %) of the parasite were also determined and the highest P and MI values were found in June 2003 (3.5 ± 0.71 and 8.70%) for S. aurata and March 2004 (4.0 ± 0 and …

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Impairment Of D-Alanine Biosynthesis In Mycobacterium Smegmatis Determines Decreased Intracellular Survival In Human Macrophages, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez, Denise K. Zinniel, Harpreet K. Chahal, Robert J. Fenton, Zhengyu Feng, Kathryn J. Hanford, L. Garry Adams, Raúl G. Barletta Jan 2009

Impairment Of D-Alanine Biosynthesis In Mycobacterium Smegmatis Determines Decreased Intracellular Survival In Human Macrophages, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez, Denise K. Zinniel, Harpreet K. Chahal, Robert J. Fenton, Zhengyu Feng, Kathryn J. Hanford, L. Garry Adams, Raúl G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

D-alanine is a structural component of mycobacterial peptidoglycan. The primary route of d-alanine biosynthesis in eubacteria is the enantiomeric conversion from l-alanine, a reaction catalyzed by d-alanine racemase (Alr). Mycobacterium smegmatis alr insertion mutants are not dependent on d-alanine for growth and display a metabolic pattern consistent with an alternative pathway for d-alanine biosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that the M. smegmatis alr insertion mutant TAM23 can synthesize d-alanine at lower levels than the parental strain. The insertional inactivation of the alr gene also decreases the intracellular survival of mutant strains within primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. By complementation studies, …

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Blood Chimerism Confounds Genetic Relative Susceptibility Testing For Classical Scrapie In Sheep, David A. Schneider, Ahmed Tibary, Terje Taudsepp, Pranab J. Das, Katherine I. O'Rourke Jan 2009

Blood Chimerism Confounds Genetic Relative Susceptibility Testing For Classical Scrapie In Sheep, David A. Schneider, Ahmed Tibary, Terje Taudsepp, Pranab J. Das, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Classical scrapie disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep that is enzootic in the United States. Susceptibility of sheep to classical scrapie is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP), forming the basis for genetic testing strategies used by national efforts to eradicate scrapie. Such efforts are occasionally hampered by inconclusive results stemming from the detection of ‘‘complex’’ genotypes. Naturally occurring cases of ovine chimerism are thought to account for some of these instances. In the current report, 4 naturally occurring ovine chimeras are documented through cytogenetic and molecular analyses. All 4 of these sheep …

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Nor98 Scrapie Identified In The United States, Christie M. Loiacono, Bruce V. Thomsen, S. Mark Hall, Matti Kiupel, Diane Sutton, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Bradd Barr, Lucy Anthenill, Delwyn Keane Jan 2009

Nor98 Scrapie Identified In The United States, Christie M. Loiacono, Bruce V. Thomsen, S. Mark Hall, Matti Kiupel, Diane Sutton, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Bradd Barr, Lucy Anthenill, Delwyn Keane

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A distinct strain of scrapie identified in sheep of Norway in 1998 has since been identified in numerous countries throughout Europe. The disease is known as Nor98 or Nor98-like scrapie, among other names. Distinctions between classic scrapie and Nor98 scrapie are made based on histopathology and immunodiagnostic results. There are also differences in the epidemiology, typical signalment, and likelihood of clinical signs being observed. In addition, sheep that have genotypes associated with resistance to classic scrapie are not spared from Nor98 disease. The various differences between classic and Nor98 scrapie have been consistently reported in the vast majority of cases …

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A Herpesvirus Encoded Deubiquitinase Is A Novel Neuroinvasive Determinant, Joy I. Lee, Patricia J. Sollars, Scott B. Baver, Gary E. Pickard, Mindy Leelawong, Gregory A. Smith Jan 2009

A Herpesvirus Encoded Deubiquitinase Is A Novel Neuroinvasive Determinant, Joy I. Lee, Patricia J. Sollars, Scott B. Baver, Gary E. Pickard, Mindy Leelawong, Gregory A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The neuroinvasive property of several alpha-herpesviruses underlies an uncommon infectious process that includes the establishment of life-long latent infections in sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Several herpesvirus proteins are required for replication and dissemination within the nervous system, indicating that exploiting the nervous system as a niche for productive infection requires a specialized set of functions encoded by the virus. Whether initial entry into the nervous system from peripheral tissues also requires specialized viral functions is not known. Here we show that a conserved deubiquitinase domain embedded within a pseudorabies virus structural protein, pUL36, is essential for initial …

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Regulation Of Innate Immune Responses By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 And Infected Cell Protein 0 (Bicp0), Clinton Jones Jan 2009

Regulation Of Innate Immune Responses By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 And Infected Cell Protein 0 (Bicp0), Clinton Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) is an important transcriptional regulatory protein that stimulates productive infection. In transient transfection assays, bICP0 also inhibits interferon dependent transcription. bICP0 can induce degradation of interferon stimulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a cellular transcription factor that is crucial for activating beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activity. Recent studies also concluded that interactions between bICP0 and IRF7 inhibit trans-activation of IFN-β promoter activity. The C3HC4 zinc RING (really important new gene) finger located near the amino terminus of bICP0 is important for all known functions of bICP0. A recombinant virus that contains a single …

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Synergistic Inhibition Of Bovine Leukemia Virus Replication In Vitro By Ribavirin And Alpha-Interferon [Abstract Only], Jeffrey Isaacson, Charles Wood, Jay Reddy Jan 2009

Synergistic Inhibition Of Bovine Leukemia Virus Replication In Vitro By Ribavirin And Alpha-Interferon [Abstract Only], Jeffrey Isaacson, Charles Wood, Jay Reddy

Jay Reddy Publications

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that infects cattle. It is classified in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) group, although BLV mainly infects B cells rather than T cells. Most BLV-infected cattle remain asymptomatic, but about 30% develop persistent lymphocytosis, and perhaps 5% eventually acquire B-cell lymphoma. Mainly as a result of the latter condition, BLV is a significant economic problem for cattle producers worldwide. Moreover, because of the close genetic similarities between the two viruses, BLV may also be a useful model for investigating HTLV-associated diseases in humans. The prognosis of HTLV-I-associated disease is generally poor …

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What Is The Point: Will Screening Mammography Save My Life?, James E. Keen, John Keen Jan 2009

What Is The Point: Will Screening Mammography Save My Life?, James E. Keen, John Keen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: We analyzed the claim "mammography saves lives" by calculating the life-saving absolute benefit of screening mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality in women ages 40 to 65.
Methods: To calculate the absolute benefit, we first estimated the screen-free absolute death risk from breast cancer by adjusting the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program 15-year cumulative breast cancer mortality to account for the separate effects of screening mammography and improved therapy. We calculated the absolute risk reduction (reduction in absolute death risk), the number needed to screen assuming repeated screening, and the survival percentages without and with screening. We varied …

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Mouse × Pig Chimeric Antibodies Expressed In Baculovirus Retain The Same Properties Of Their Parent Antibodies, Ana M. Jar, Fernando A. Osorio, Osvaldo J. López Jan 2009

Mouse × Pig Chimeric Antibodies Expressed In Baculovirus Retain The Same Properties Of Their Parent Antibodies, Ana M. Jar, Fernando A. Osorio, Osvaldo J. López

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The development of hybridoma and recombinant DNA technologies has made it possible to use antibodies against cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases in humans. These advances in therapy, as well as immunoprophylaxis, could also make it possible to use these technologies in agricultural species of economic importance such as pigs. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an arterivirus causing very important economic losses to the industry. Passive transfer of antibodies obtained by biotechnology could be used in the future to complement or replace vaccination against this and other pig pathogens. To this end, we constructed and studied the …

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Spontaneous Idiopathic Arteritis Of The Testicular Artery In Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), A. N. Hamir, M. V. Palmer, H. Li, J. Stasko, D. G. Rogers Jan 2009

Spontaneous Idiopathic Arteritis Of The Testicular Artery In Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), A. N. Hamir, M. V. Palmer, H. Li, J. Stasko, D. G. Rogers

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The testes and the spermatic cord of raccoons (Procyon lotor, kits to adult breeders; n = 48) were examined. Segmental arteritis confined to the extratesticular portions of the testicular artery was present in raccoons of all ages. The arterial changes were seen in laboratory-confined experimental and control animals as well as in wild-caught raccoons. The lesions consisted of proliferative endarteritis with presence of inflammatory cells within the intima, media, and the adventitial regions of most affected vessels. Some aspects of the proliferative arterial lesions were reminiscent of systemic necrotizing vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa), an immunologically mediated condition of animals and humans. …

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