Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Spruce Run News (September 1977), Spruce Run Staff

Maine Women's Publications - All

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Number Of Sessions And Client-Judged Outcome, Jay Athy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Outpatient clients from a community mental health center were surveyed by questionnaire to examine the relationship between number of therapy sessions attended and client-judgments of therapeutic outcome. The results indicated that client-judgments of therapeutic benefit tended to be independent of length of therapy when the client-judgement is a global assessment of therapeutic benefit. Controls for mode of therapy, initial diagnosis, type of referral, and status of case yielded similar findings. The nature of these relationships was nonlinear with the possible existence of different zones of sessions that account for varying degrees of client-perceived success. It also appeared that clients evaluated …

The Use Of Discrediting Labels In The Maintenance Of Socially Constructed Reality, Nathan Church

Dissertations and Theses

Over the past two decades an increasing number of theorists and practitioners have called for a thorough rethinking of the underlying assumptions of the concept of rrental illness and the traditional psychiatric nodes of responding to mental disorders. The work of this group of writers has come to be referred to as the "antipsychiatry" literature. The insights of this perspective center largely about a rejection of those theories and methods of treatment that are based upon the medical model. Many writers point to the use of traditional psychiatric practice as an oppressive instrument of social control. While much of this …

Sex And Violence: Can Research Have It Both Ways?, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

During the last decade, the literature on media exposure has been dominated by a single theoretical system of personality functioning—the social learning model. The model emphasizes that the disinhibition of already-learned behavior, the learning of new behaviors, and the establishment of patterns of personality result from observing the behavior of other people (models) and from vicarious reinforcement upon viewing those models successfully engaging in rewarded sequences of behavior.

It is a tribute to the degree to which social learning oriented psychologists have successfully influenced intellectual and governmental thinking that the model is seldom questioned as providing the appropriate basis for …

Stability Of Perceived Tension As A Function Of The Menstrual Cycle, Paula Englander-Golden, Keith A. Willis, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The stability of tension judgments among males and females who were either taking or not taking combination low-progestin oral contraceptive pills was investigated. Judgments of interpersonal pressure in videotaped vignettes provided tension measures. The vignettes were presented in two sessions separated by two weeks. Correlations between pressure judgments of .94 for males, .79 for pill females and .40 for non-pill females (all sig < .002) supported the prediction that non-pill females experience the largest fluctuations in tension across the menstrual cycle. A significant number of non-pill females who changed their scores and who changed from midcycle to premenstrual-menstrual phases or vice versa between the two experimental sessions shifted their tension scores in the predicted direction (p < .04). As predicted, non-pill females scoring in the lower half on premenstrual-menstrual symptomatology were more consistent in pressure judgments than those high on symptomatology, with correlations of .51 (sig < .004) and .24 (NS) respectively. Analysis of pressure judgments as a function of menstrual phase and high-low symptomatology indicated a main effect for symptomatology (sig < .01) with the high group perceiving more pressure. Lack of a main effect for menstrual phase was attributed to large individual variations in tension scores. Results were interpreted as indicating physiological causality underlying the variability in tension across the menstrual cycle. Substituting the Repression-Sensitization dimension for symptomatology yielded no significant results which could lead to a psychological interpretation of such variability.

Spruce Run News (April 1977), Spruce Run Staff

Maine Women's Publications - All

No abstract provided.

Eliminating Drooling Behavior In An Adult Diagnosed Mentally Retarded Male, John Allison

Graduate Theses

This single subject experiment was conducted to determine whether a 23-year-old male could be taught to swallow his saliva, thus eliminating his drooling behavior. The subject had been diagnosed as severely retarded early in life and was reported to have drooled his entire life. The experiment was conducted in the sheltered workshop where the subject is employed, utilizing positive reinforcement in the form of verbal praise, Kennedy half dollars and participation in social events. The subject learned to swallow quickly and easily. His drooling behavior was eliminated and apparent generalizations. had positive effects on his work habits, social behavior, and …

Exceptions To The Rule: A Review Of The Criminal Personality, Volume I: A Profile For Change, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The major purpose of the first volume of an intended three-volume series by Samuel Yochelson and Stanton E. Samenow (1976) is to provide evidence that understanding the thought processes of chronic criminals provides the major key to understanding criminal behavior. Volumes II and III will deal, respectively, with the techniques of therapy developed for the analysis and correction of criminal thought patterns, and with the special problems of therapy with criminals who are chronic drug users. This review of Volume I is divided into three parts, the first being a review of the content and major points of the book, …

Number Conservation As Related To Type Of Transformation, Marsha Taliaferro Will

Master's Theses

In order to assess the negative effects of color, size, shape, and spacing (length) transformations on conservation judgements sixty-four 3, 4, 5, and 6 year old children were tested on four Piagetian type conservation of number tasks each containing one reversible color, size, shape or spacing transformation. Order of transformation presentation was counterbalanced and number of objects used per transformation were varied from 3 to 5 to 7 to 9. Results show that spacing (when compared to color, size and shape) is a prepotent cue for non-conserving 3, 4, and 5 year olds but not for 6 year olds. Results …

Selective Attention Between Words, Shapes And Colors In Speeded Classification And Vocalization Tasks, John H. Flowers, Charles M. Stoup

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The presence of irrelevant words (incongruent color and shape names) substantially slowed the sorting of shapes and colors. This interference was maintained over four sessions of practice for color sorting, but essentially vanished for shape classification and color classification using stimuli in which the word and color were physically separated. Interference with oral naming was maintained over 4 days of practice for all types of stimuli, demonstrating that spatial selectivity of attention is highly dependent upon the response requirements of the task.

Pictorial Interference With Geometric Shapes And Achromatic Shades, Richard P. Compton, John H. Flowers

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In two experiments, subjects were required to match printed names with subsequently displayed achromatic shades or geometric shapes. The presence of incongruent shades or shapes at the time of word display substantially slowed the RT for performing the match.

Examiner Sex Bias And Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children Scores, Richard H. Dana, Richard Back

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (excluding Mazes and Digit Span) was administered to 64 third-grade children, randomly selected for IQ. Eight examiners, four males and four females, each tested eight children, four boys and four girls. Female examiners elicited higher Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Comprehension, Similarities, and Vocabulary scores from all children.

The Use Of Plans For Self-Control: A Developmental Study, Pamela Marie Cole

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Modification Of Smoking Behaviour: A Research Evaluation Of Aversion Therapy, Hypnotherapy, And A Combined Technique, Herman Surkis

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study compared aversion therapy, hypnotherapy, and a combined method. It was predicted that the treatment of imagined behaviour would generalize to overt behaviours. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the aversion group with shock contingent on imagined behaviour, and finally the combined group which consisted of traditional hypnotherapy in combination with aversion therapy. The treatments were contained on separate cassettes with each subject receiving his appropriate cassette. Subjects met in groups of 3-5 individuals, twice a week for three weeks. Individuals acted as their own controls through the establishment of a pre-treatment baseline of smoking rate. …

A Study Of Factor B Of The Early School Personality Questionnaire(Espq) As A Valid Measure Of General Mental Ability, Claude S. Iles

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated the validity of the general ability factor, Factor B of the Early School Personality Questionnaire(ESPQ), in two ways. First, validity coefficients for Factor B were obtained by computing product-moment correlation coefficients between the ESPQ Factor B raw scores of 40 developmentally disabled subjects and their raw scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). Second, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sums test and a distribution-free multiple comparisons test were employed to determine if there were significant differences among the mean ESPQ Factor B raw scores of subjects designated as mentally retarded, learning disabled, or normal. Specifically, it was …

Effects Of Operant Conditioning Of Cooperative Play On Non-Reinforced Behaviors In Severely And Profoundly Retarded Adults, Martha Wade Aenchbacher

Legacy ETDs

A group of seven severely and profoundly retarded adults from a sheltered workshop program were trained in cooperative play (basketball skills and hand clapping) using social and edible reinforcement and fading procedures. The generalization effects of the training on non-reinforced (undesirable) behaviors in an extratraining setting was investigated. A reversal technique in which the reinforcement was temporarily withdrawn demonstrated the reliable functioning of the training procedures. Independent observers recorded target behaviors during five phases: Baseline; Training; Generalization Testing; Extinction; Generalization Testing. The rate of undesirable behaviors decreased significantly in the extra-training setting (activity room) following the training phase. The findings …

Exploring Collaboration: A Program Evaluation Of A Mental Health Intervention In A Public Elementary School, Joy Rhodes

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this evaluative study was to develop and implement a program evaluation design for a model of early mental health intervention to primary grade level classrooms in a public elementary school. The design reflects a formative evaluation study, providing information for current and future programming and is manageable to implement, thus facilitating longitudinal data collection.

This therapeutic model of classroom intervention stresses the integration of children’s social, emotional and intellectual development and proposes a collaborative approach between therapist and educator. Levels of intervention for collaborators include (1) children identified as requiring therapeutic approaches to social-emotional difficulties experienced in …

Depression And The Perception Of Reinforcement: A Modified Replication, Adele Gillis

Dissertations and Theses

The present study was a modified replication of Miller and Seligman’s (1973) study. Expectancy ratings under skill and chance tasks were examined in 51 college students in four groups: depressed high-external, depressed low-external, nondepressed high-external, and nondepressed low-external. The major hypothesis predicted that there would be greater association (1) between both magnitude and direction of expectancy change and outcome of the previous trial (success/non-success) with nondepression than with depression, under the skill task, (2) between both magnitude and direction of expectancy change and outcome of the previous trial (success/non-success) with low-externality than with high-externality, under the skill task, and (3) …

Causes Of Obesity, Barbara Brown

Honors Theses

The preoccupation with obesity finds expression in the popularity of books and articles dealing with dieting and weight control, the rapid growth of weight reduction groups such as Tops and Weight Watchers, as well as the full marketing of numerous low calorie and dietetic foods. Much of the interest in weight control is a consequence of the current standards of physical beauty in our society. But another more pressing reason for interest in weight control is the documented evidence relating obesity to various somatic disorders.

"Educating Today's Children: Focus On Early Childhood; Appropriate Curriculum For Early Childhood", David Elkind

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

No abstract provided.

Verbal Interference With Visual Classification: Optimal Processing And Experimental Design, John H. Flowers, Beccy Blair

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The speed of classification of six alternative ink colors into two categories of three colors each was measured in tasks for which the colors were displayed as either XXXX patterns or incongruent words (Stroop stimuli). Substantial interference from the words occurred when the classification required grouping nonadjacent hues (red, yellow, and blue vs. orange, green, and purple) regardless of whether subjects received exclusive practice with this classification. Interference also occurred when the classification required grouping adjacent hues (red, orange, and yellow vs. green, blue, and purple), but only if this classification was intermixed within blocks of trials with the nonadjacent …

Effects Of A Marathon Group On Self-Actualization And Attitudes Toward Women, Peter R. Kilmann, Diane R. Follingstad, M. Gail Price, Kay F. Rowland, Elizabeth A. Robinson

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Phrenology And The Boston Medical Community In The 1830'S, Anthony A. Walsh

Faculty and Staff - Articles & Papers

Interest of the Boston medical community in phrenology in the 1830's. Visit of Johann Christoph Spurzheim to Boston for public lecture series. Death of Spurzheim in Boston. Foundation of the Boston Phrenological Society. Activities of the society in Boston in the 1830's.

The Use Of Dance As A Tool For Personality Integration, Barbara Throckmorton Rankin

Dissertations and Theses

This study is exploratory in nature. The material was highly individualistic and subjective, so I have deviated from the traditional empirical research approach. My purpose is to grasp what kind of person was attracted to attending a dance workshop. How does Halprin’s use of dance assist people in learning about themselves? What kinds of information do people learn about themselves through her dance process? What techniques does Halprin combine with the medium of dance to get results? Are people enhanced, or better integrated by the Halprin process? Finally, my intention was to be stimulated by the Halprin process to explore …

A Confidant's Effect On Institutionalized Elders, Marcia L. Johansen

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Surveillance On Intrinsic Motivation, Richard Rajala

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Previous research indicates that explicit surveillance should induce subjects to attribute their performance at a task to the surveillance; hence, such subjects should persist to a lesser extent than subjects not exposed to such surveillance. Two forms of explicit surveillance were utilized: human and camera, as well as the appropriate opposites (human non- and camera non-surveillance). Subjects were directed to perform a model construction task, then were unobtrusively observed during a post-task “waiting period.” No difference in persistence was found for type of surveillance utilized. However, as predicted, subjects exposed to surveillance persisted less with the task materials than subjects …

An Investigation Into The Modification Of Locus Of Control In Outpatient Alcoholics And Its Relationship To Preference For Alcoholics Anonymous, Bettsy H. -1944 Hettinger

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Visual And Name Codes In Scanning And Classifying Colors, John H. Flowers, Susan Dutch

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The effect of incongruent color words on speed of classifying ink colors was measured in visual scanning tasks and in card sorting tasks. In both cases, little or no interference effects were noted when the classification allowed focusing on a single ink color or a set of highly similar colors (adjacent hues). Substantial interference occurred when the task required grouping of three dissimilar colors (nonadjacent hues). These findings suggest that the relative efficiency of name and visual codes in making perceptual classifications is largely dependent upon the memory requirements imposed by the task.

Medical And Nursing Students: Concepts Of Self And Ideal Self, Typical And Ideal Work Partner, Ingrid Rein

Dissertations and Theses

A review was made of research concerning medical students, nursing students, physicians and nurses with special focus on the physician-nurse relationship. Research was carried out to investigate medical and nursing students' concepts of self, ideal self (as physician/nurse), typical work partner and ideal work partner.

A Study Of Requests For Voluntary Admission To Oregon State Hospital, Julie Kern, Jeanne Miller, Alice Plummer

Dissertations and Theses

This study was undertaken in February and March of 1975 in order to provide in depth analysis of those seeking hospital admission. It is a descriptive study of requests for voluntary admission to Oregon State Hospital. Special care was taken to incorporate the study in such a way that the current admitting procedures would not be rearranged or changed in any way.

Essentially the study asks the questions:

• Who makes self-requests for hospitalization?
• Where do they come from? When? How do they get there? Why do they come?
• What is the history of their contact with other community agencies for …