Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Behavioral Coping Phenotypes And Associated Psychosocial Outcomes Of Pregnant And Postpartum Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Denise M. Werchan, Cassandra L. Hendrix, Jennifer C. Ablow, Ananda B. Amstadter Phd, Autumn C. Austin, Vanessa Babineau, G. Anne Bogat, Leigh-Anne Cioffredi, Elisabeth Conradt, Sheila E. Cromwell, Dani Dumitriu, William Fifer, Morgan R. Firestein, Wei Gao, Ian H. Gotlib, Alice M. Graham, Kimberly D. Gregory, Hanna C. Gustafsson, Kathryn L. Havens, Brittany R. Howell, Kathryn L. Humphreys, Lucy S. King, Patricia Kinser, Elizabeth E. Krans, Carly Lenniger, Alytia A. Levendosky, Joseph S. Lonstein, Rachel Marcus, Catherine Monk, Sara W. Moyer, Maria Muzik, Amy K. Nuttall, Alexandra S. Potter, Amy Salisbury, Lauren C. Shuffrey, Beth A. Smith, Lynne Smith, Elinor L. Sullivan, Judy Zhou, Moriah E. Thomason, Natalie H. Brito

Psychiatry Publications

The impact of COVID-19-related stress on perinatal women is of heightened public health concern given the established intergenerational impact of maternal stress-exposure on infants and fetuses. There is urgent need to characterize the coping styles associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes in perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic to help mitigate the potential for lasting sequelae on both mothers and infants. This study uses a data-driven approach to identify the patterns of behavioral coping strategies that associate with maternal psychosocial distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large multicenter sample of pregnant women (N = 2876) and postpartum women ( …

The Emotional Word-Emotional Face Stroop Task In The Abcd Study: Psychometric Validation And Associations With Measures Of Cognition And Psychopathology, Harry R. Smolker, Kai Wang, Monica Luciana, James M. Bjork, Raul Gonzalez, Deanna M. B, Erin C. Mcglade, Roselinde H. Kaiser, Naomi P. Friedman, John K. Hewitt, Marie T. Banich

Psychiatry Publications

Characterizing the interactions among attention, cognitive control, and emotion during adolescence may provide important insights into why this critical developmental period coincides with a dramatic increase in risk for psychopathology. However, it has proven challenging to develop a single neurobehavioral task that simultaneously engages and differentially measures these diverse domains. In the current study, we describe properties of performance on the Emotional Word-Emotional Face Stroop (EWEFS) task in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a task that allows researchers to concurrently measure processing speed/attentional vigilance (i.e., performance on congruent trials), inhibitory control (i.e., Stroop interference effect), and emotional information …

Age-Related Changes And Longitudinal Stability Of Individual Differences In Abcd Neurocognition Measures, Andrey P. Anokhin, Monica Luciana, Marie Banich, Deanna M. Barch, James M. Bjork, Marybel R. Gonzalez, Raul Gonzalez, Frank Haist, Joanna Jacobus, Krista Lisdahl, Erin Mcglade, Bruce Mccandliss, Bonnie Nagel, Sara J. Nixon, Susan Tapert, James T. Kennedy, Wesley K. Thompson

Psychiatry Publications

Temporal stability of individual differences is an important prerequisite for accurate tracking of prospective relationships between neurocognition and real-world behavioral outcomes such as substance abuse and psychopathology. Here we report age-related changes and longitudinal test-retest stability (TRS) for the Neurocognition battery of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which included the NIH Toolbox (TB) Cognitive Domain and additional memory and visuospatial processing tests administered at baseline (ages 9–11) and two-year follow-up. As expected, performance improved significantly with age, but the effect size varied broadly, with Pattern Comparison and the Crystallized Cognition Composite showing the largest age-related gain (Cohen’s …

The Influence Of Depression-Ptsd Comorbidity On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Treatment-Seeking Veterans, Callista Forchuk, Anthony Nazarov, Renee Hunt, Brent Davis, Kate St. Cyr, J Donald Richardson

Psychiatry Publications

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression substantially impair healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) for many Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) veterans. Although PTSD and depression are highly comorbid, little is known about whether the disorders may interact in their association with HRQOL. We sought to investigate whether depressive symptoms modify the relation between PTSD and HRQOL in treatment-seeking veterans. Method: We accessed the clinical data of 545 CAF veterans aged 18 to 65 years who were seeking treatment at a specialized clinic in London, Ontario. We used hierarchical linear regression to assess the additive and multiplicative relations between depression and …

A Review Of The Pharmacological And Clinical Profile Of Newer Atypical Antipsychotics As Treatments For Bipolar Disorder: Considerations For Use In Older Patients., Akshya Vasudev, Sumit Chaudhari, Rickinder Sethi, Rachel Fu, Rachel M Sandieson, Brent P Forester

Psychiatry Publications

Bipolar disorder prevalence rates vary in the older adult population (defined as age ≥ 65 years), ranging from 1% in community dwellers to as high as 8-10% in hospital inpatients. Although older agents, including lithium and valproic acid, offer significant antimanic efficacy, as supported by a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), there is growing interest in using atypical antipsychotics to treat bipolar disorder in older adults. Newer atypical antipsychotics are of interest based on their tolerability and efficacy in the general adult bipolar population. The aim of this review was to systematically examine efficacy and tolerability of newer atypical antipsychotics …

Affect, Interpersonal Behaviour And Interpersonal Perception During Open-Label, Uncontrolled Paroxetine Treatment Of People With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study, Lance M. Rappaport, Jennifer J. Russell, Donald Hedeker, Gilbert Pinard, Pierre Bleau, Debbie S. Moskowitz

Psychiatry Publications

Background: Laboratory-based research with community samples has suggested changes in affective, behavioural and cognitive processes as possible explanations for the effects of serotonergic medications. Examining the effects of serotonergic medications using an ecological momentary measure (such as event-contingent recording) in the daily lives of people with social anxiety disorder would contribute to establishing the effects of these medications on affect, behaviour and one form of cognition: perception of others’ behaviour.

Methods: The present study assessed changes in affect, interpersonal behaviour and perception of others’ behaviour in adults with social anxiety disorder using ecological momentary assessment at baseline and over 4 …

Exploring Resilience Models In A Sample Of Combat-Exposed Military Service Members And Veterans: A Comparison And Commentary, Christina M. Sheerin, Kelcey J. Stratton, Ananda B. Amstadter, The Va Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, Clinical Center (Mirecc) Workgroup, Scott D. Mcdonald

Psychiatry Publications

Background: The term resilience is applied in numerous ways in the mental health field, leading to different perspectives of what constitutes a resilient response and disparate findings regarding its prevalence following trauma.

Objective: illustrate the impact of various definitions on our understanding and prevalence of resilience, we compared various resilience definitions (absence of PTSD, absence of current mental health diagnosis, absence of generalized psychological distress, and an alternative trauma load–resilience discrepancy model of the difference between actual and predicted distress given lifetime trauma exposure) within a combat-exposed military personnel and veteran sample.

Method: In this combat-trauma exposed …

The Association Between Childhood Adversities And Subsequent First Onset Of Psychotic Experiences: A Cross-National Analysis Of 23 998 Respondents From 17 Countries, J. J. Mcgrath, K. A. Mclaughlin, S. Saha, S. Aguilar-Gaxiola, A. Al-Hamzawi, J. Alonso, R. Bruffaerts, G. De Girolamo, P. De Jonge, O. Esan, S. Florescu, O. Gureje, J. M. Haro, C. Hu, E. G. Karam, V. Kovess-Masfety, S. Lee, J. P. Lepine, C. C. W. Lim, M. E. Medina-Mora, Z. Mneimneh, B. E. Pennell, M. Piazza, J. Posada-Villa, N. Sampson, M. C. Viana, M. Xavier, E. J. Bromet, K. S. Kendler, R. C. Kessler, Who World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

Psychiatry Publications

Although there is robust evidence linking childhood adversities (CAs) and an increased risk for psychotic experiences (PEs), little is known about whether these associations vary across the life-course and whether mental disorders that emerge prior to PEs explain these associations.

We assessed CAs, PEs and DSM-IV mental disorders in 23 998 adults in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to investigate the associations between CAs and PEs, and the influence of mental disorders on these associations using multivariate logistic models.

Exposure to CAs was common, and those who experienced any CAs had increased odds of …

Symptom Domain Groups Of The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Tools Independently Predict Hospitalizations And Re-Hospitalizations In Cirrhosis, Kavish R. Patidar, Leroy R. Thacker, James B. Wade, Melanie B. White, Edith A. Gavis, Andrew Fagan, Richard K. Sterling, Michael Fuchs, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Scott Matherly, Richard T. Stravitz, Arun J. Sanyal, Puneet Puri, Velimir A. Luketic, Jasmohan S. Bajaj

Psychiatry Publications

Background

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) tools can identify health-related quality of life (HRQOL) domains that could differentially affect disease progression. Cirrhotics are highly prone to hospitalizations and re-hospitalizations, but the current clinical prognostic models may be insufficient, and thus studying the contribution of individual HRQOL domains could improve prognostication.

Aim

Analyze the impact of individual HRQOL PROMIS domains in predicting time to all non-elective hospitalizations and re-hospitalizations in cirrhosis.

Methods

Outpatient cirrhotics were administered PROMIS computerized tools. The first non-elective hospitalization and subsequent re-hospitalizations after enrollment were recorded. Individual PROMIS domains significantly contributing toward these outcomes were generated …

Symptoms Of Major Depression: Their Stability, Familiality, And Prediction By Genetic, Temperamental, And Childhood Environmental Risk Factors, Kenneth S. Kendler, Steven H. Aggen

Psychiatry Publications

Background: Psychiatry has long sought to develop biological diagnostic subtypes based on symptomatic differences. This effort assumes that symptoms reflect, with good fidelity, underlying etiological processes. We address this question for major depression (MD).

Methods: We examine, in twins from a population-based registry, similarity in symptom endorsement in individuals meeting criteria for last-year MD at separate interview waves and in concordant twin pairs. Among individuals with MD, we explore the impact of genetic-temperamental and child adversity risk factors on individual reported symptoms. Aggregated criteria do not separate insomnia from hypersomnia, weight gain from loss, etc. while disaggregated criteria do.

Results: …

Genomewide Association Study Of Alcohol Dependence Identifies Risk Loci Altering Ethanol-Response Behaviors In Model Organisms, Amy E. Adkins, Laura M. Hack, Tim B. Bigdeli, Vernell S. Williamson, G. Omari Mcmichael, Mohammed Mamdani, Alexis C. Edwards, Fazil Aliev, Robin F. Chan, Poonam Bhandari, Richard C. Raabe, Joseph T. Alaimo, Ginamari G. Blackwell, Arden Moscati, Ryan S. Poland, Benjamin Rood, Diana G. Patterson, Dermot Walsh, Collaborative Study Of The Genetics Of Alcoholism Consortium, John B. Whitfield, Gu Zhu, Grant W. Montgomery, Anjali K. Henders, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew C. Heath, Pamela A.F. Madden, Josef Frank, Monika Ridinger, Norbert Wodarz, Michael Soyka, Peter Zill, Marcus Ising, Markus M. Nöthen, Falk Kiefer, Marcella Rietschel, The German Study Of The Genetics Of Addiction Consortium, Joel Gelernter, Richard Sherva, Ryan Koesterer, Laura Almasy, Hongyu Zhao, Henry R. Kranzler, Lindsay A. Farrer, Brion S. Maher, Carol A. Prescott, Danielle M. Dick, Silviu A. Bacanu, Laura D. Mathies, Andrew G. Davies, Vladimir I. Vladimirov, Mike Grotewiel, M. Scott Bowers, Jill C. Bettinger, Bradley T. Webb, Michael F. Miles, Kenneth S. Kendler, Brien P. Riley

Psychiatry Publications

Background

Alcohol dependence (AD) shows evidence for genetic liability, but genes influencing risk remain largely unidentified.

Methods

We conducted a genomewide association study in 706 related AD cases and 1,748 unscreened population controls from Ireland. We sought replication in 15,496 samples of European descent. We used model organisms (MOs) to assess the role of orthologous genes in ethanol (EtOH)-response behaviors. We tested 1 primate-specific gene for expression differences in case/control postmortem brain tissue.

Results

We detected significant association in COL6A3 and suggestive association in 2 previously implicated loci, KLF12 and RYR3. None of these signals are significant in replication. …

The Genetic And Environmental Sources Of Resemblance Between Normative Personality And Personality Disorder Traits, K. S. Kendler, S. H. Aggen, Nathan Gillespie, M. C. Neale, G. P. Knudsen, R. F. Krueger, Nikolai Czajkowski, Eivind Ystrom, T. Reichborn-Kjennerud

Psychiatry Publications

Recent work has suggested a high level of congruence between normative personality, most typically represented by the "big five" factors, and abnormal personality traits. In 2,293 Norwegian adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, the authors evaluated the degree of sharing of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality, assessed by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and personality disorder traits (PDTs), assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-S-Norwegian Brief Form (PID-5NBF). For four of the five BFI dimensions, the strongest genetic correlation was observed with the expected PID-5-NBF dimension (e.g., neuroticism with negative affectivity [+], conscientiousness with disinhibition [-]). However, …

Molecular Genetic Influences On Normative And Problematic Alcohol Use In A Population-Based Sample Of College Students, Bradley T. Webb, Alexis C. Edwards, Aaron R. Wolen, Jessica E. Salvatore, Fazil Aliev, Brien P. Riley, Cuie Sun, Vernell S. Williamson, James N. Kitchens, Kimberly Pedersen, Amy Adkins, Megan E. Cooke, Jeanne E. Savage, Zoe Neale, Seung B. Cho, Danielle M. Dick, Kenneth S. Kendler

Psychiatry Publications

Background: Genetic factors impact alcohol use behaviors and these factors may become increasingly evident during emerging adulthood. Examination of the effects of individual variants as well as aggregate genetic variation can clarify mechanisms underlying risk.

Methods: We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in an ethnically diverse sample of college students for three quantitative outcomes including typical monthly alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and maximum number of drinks in 24 h. Heritability based on common genetic variants (h2SNP) was assessed. We also evaluated whether risk variants in aggregate were associated with alcohol use outcomes in an independent sample of young …

A Comparison Of Parameter Covariance Estimation Methods For Item Response Models In An Expectation-Maximization Framework, Joshua N. Pritikin

Psychiatry Publications

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a method for finding the maximum likelihood estimate of a model in the presence of missing data. Unfortunately, EM does not produce a parameter covariance matrix for standard errors. Both Oakes and Supplemented EM are methods for obtaining the parameter covariance matrix. SEM was discovered in 1991 and is implemented in both opensource and commercial item response model estimation software. Oakes, a more recent method discovered in 1999, had not been implemented in item response model software until now. Convergence properties, accuracy, and elapsed time of Oakes and Supplemental EM family algorithms are compared for …

Genetic And Environmental Structure Of Dsm-Iv Criteria For Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Twin Study, Tom Rosenström, Eivind Ystrom, Fartein Ask Torvik, Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski, Nathan A. Gillespie, Steven H. Aggen, Robert F. Krueger, Kenneth S. Kendler, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud

Psychiatry Publications

Results from previous studies on DSM-IV and DSM-5 Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) have suggested that the construct is etiologically multidimensional. To our knowledge, however, the structure of genetic and environmental influences in ASPD has not been examined using an appropriate range of biometric models and diagnostic interviews. The 7 ASPD criteria (section A) were assessed in a population-based sample of 2794 Norwegian twins by a structured interview for DSM-IV personality disorders. Exploratory analyses were conducted at the phenotypic level. Multivariate biometric models, including both independent and common pathways, were compared. A single phenotypic factor was found, and the best-fitting biometric …

A Power Calculator For The Classical Twin Design, Brad Verhulst

Psychiatry Publications

Power is a ubiquitous, though often overlooked, component of any statistical analyses. Almost every funding agency and institutional review board requires that some sort of power analysis is conducted prior to data collection. While there are several excellent on line power calculators for independent observations, twin studies pose unique challenges that are not incorporated into these algorithms. The goal of the current manuscript is to outline a general method for calculating power in twin studies, and to provide functions to allow researchers to easily conduct power analyses for a range of common twin models. Several scenarios are discussed to demonstrate …

Somatic Symptom Disorder In Dermatology, James L. Levenson, Aditi A. Sharma, Alex G. Ortega-Loayza

Psychiatry Publications

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is defined by the prominence of somatic symptoms associated with abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the symptoms, resulting in significant distress and impairment. Individuals with these disorders are more commonly encountered in primary care and other medical settings, including dermatology practice, than in psychiatric and other mental health settings. What defines the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as abnormal is that they are excessive, that is, out of proportion to other patients with similar somatic symptoms, and that they result in significant distress and impairment. SSD may occur with or without the presence of a …

Electroconvulsive Therapy In Geriatric Patients: A Literature Review And Program Report From Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, Usa, Andrew D. Snyder, Vasu Venkatachalam, Ananda Pandurangi

Psychiatry Publications

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective therapeutic intervention in the elderly patients with major depression, especially those with psychosis, suicidality, catatonia, nutritional compromise, and resistance to medications. Response rates can be as high as 80%. We present an extensive review of the relevant literature, provide a description of the ECT program at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, USA, and present results of our experience with ECT in fifty elderly patients. The treatments were safe, well tolerated, and produced high response rates, variably between 68% and 84%. Patients in the long‑term maintenance ECT program continue to show sustained benefits from …

The Clinical Features Of Paranoia In The 20th Century And Their Representation In Diagnostic Criteria From Dsm-Iii Through Dsm-5, Kenneth S. Kendler

Psychiatry Publications

This review traces, through psychiatric textbooks, the history of the Kraepelinian concept of paranoia in the 20th century and then relates the common reported symptoms and signs to the diagnostic criteria for paranoia/delusional disorder in DSM-III through DSM-5. Clinical descriptions of paranoia appearing in 10 textbooks, published 1899 to 1970, revealed 11 prominent symptoms and signs reported by 5 or more authors. Three symptoms (systematized delusions, minimal hallucinations, and prominent ideas of reference) and 2 signs (chronic course and minimal affective deterioration) were reported by 8 or 9 of the authors. Four textbook authors rejected the Kraepelinian concept of paranoia. …

Sharing Extended Summary Data From Contemporary Genetics Studies Is Unlikely To Threaten Subject Privacy, Silviu-Alin Bacanu

Psychiatry Publications

Background

Starting from a forensic problem, Homer et al. showed that it was possible to detect if an individual contributes only 0.5% of the DNA in a pool. The finding was extended to prove the possibility of detecting whether a subject participated in a small homogeneous GWAS. We denote this as the detection of a subject belonging to a certain cohort (SBCC). Subsequently, Visscher and Hill showed that the power to detect SBCC signal for an ethnically homogeneous cohort depends roughly on the ratio of the number of independent markers and total sample size. However, it …

Music Therapy In Patients With Dementia And Behavioral Disturbance On An Inpatient Psychiatry Unit: Results From A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study., Joanna Thornley, Hussein Hirjee, Akshya Vasudev

Psychiatry Publications

The prevalence of dementia continues to grow worldwide due to an aging population and is projected to affect 65.7 million people by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), including agitation, anxiety, aggression, depression, and psychosis, can occur in as much as 80% of the affected population, frequently necessitating psychiatric admission. Traditionally BPSD have been treated using pharmacological approaches. However, such medications could have serious adverse effects and additionally have limited efficacy in reducing such symptoms (Ballard et al., 2009).

A Training Programme Involving Automatic Self-Transcending Meditation In Late-Life Depression: Preliminary Analysis Of An Ongoing Randomised Controlled Trial., Akshya Vasudev, Amanda Arena, Amer M Burhan, Emily Ionson, Hussein Hirjee, Pramudith Maldeniya, Stephen Wetmore, Ronnie I Newman

Psychiatry Publications

: Late-life depression affects 2-6% of seniors aged 60 years and above. Patients are increasingly embracing non-pharmacological therapies, many of which have not been scientifically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate a category of meditation, automatic self-transcending meditation (ASTM), in alleviating symptoms of depression when augmenting treatment as usual (NCT02149810). The preliminary results of an ongoing single-blind randomised controlled trial comparing a training programme involving ASTM with a wait-list control indicate that a 12-week ASTM programme may lead to significantly greater reductions in depression and anxiety severity. As such, ASTM may be an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of …

Major Depression As A Complex Dynamic System, Angélique O. J. Cramer, Claudia D. Van Borkulo, Erik J. Giltay, Han L. J. Van Der Maas, Kenneth S. Kendler, Marten Scheffer, Denny Borsboom

Psychiatry Publications

In this paper, we characterize major depression (MD) as a complex dynamic system in which symptoms (e.g., insomnia and fatigue) are directly connected to one another in a network structure. We hypothesize that individuals can be characterized by their own network with unique architecture and resulting dynamics. With respect to architecture, we show that individuals vulnerable to developing MD are those with strong connections between symptoms: e.g., only one night of poor sleep suffices to make a particular person feel tired. Such vulnerable networks, when pushed by forces external to the system such as stress, are more likely to end …

Sex Differences In Hiv Effects On Visual Memory Among Substance-Dependent Individuals, Michael K. Keutmann, Raul Gonzalez, Pauline M. Maki, Leah H. Rubin, Jasmin Vassileva, Eileen M. Martin

Psychiatry Publications

HIV’s effects on episodic memory have not been compared systematically between male and female substance-dependent individuals. We administered the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT–R) to 280 substance-dependent HIV+ and HIV– men and women. Groups were comparable on demographic, substance use, and comorbid characteristics. There were no significant main effects of sex or HIV serostatus on BVMT–R performance, but HIV+ women performed significantly more poorly on delayed recall. This effect was most prominent among cocaine-dependent HIV+ women. Our findings are consistent with recent speculation that memory impairment may be more common among HIV+ women, particularly those with a history of cocaine …

Substance Use And Depression Symptomatology: Measurement Invariance Of The Beck Depression Inventory (Bdi-Ii) Among Non-Users And Frequent-Users Of Alcohol, Nicotine And Cannabis, Ashlee A. Moore, Michael C. Neale, Judy L. Silberg, Brad Verhulst

Psychiatry Publications

Depression is a highly heterogeneous condition, and identifying how symptoms present in various groups may greatly increase our understanding of its etiology. Importantly, Major Depressive Disorder is strongly linked with Substance Use Disorders, which may ameliorate or exacerbate specific depression symptoms. It is therefore quite plausible that depression may present with different symptom profiles depending on an individual’s substance use status. Given these observations, it is important to examine the underlying construct of depression in groups of substance users compared to non-users. In this study we use a non-clinical sample to examine the measurement structure of the Beck Depression Inventory …

Trends In Psychotropic Dispensing Among Older Adults With Dementia Living In Long-Term Care Facilities: 2004-2013., Akshya Vasudev, Salimah Z Shariff, Kuan Liu, Amer M Burhan, Nathan Herrmann, Sean Leonard, Muhammad Mamdani

Psychiatry Publications

OBJECTIVE: Guidelines worldwide have cautioned against the use of antipsychotics as first-line agents to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. We aimed to investigate the changes over time in the dispensing of antipsychotics and other psychotropics among older adults with dementia living in long-term care facilities.

METHODS: We used drug claims data from Ontario, Canada, to calculate quarterly rates of prescription dispensing of six psychotropic drug classes among all elderly (≥65 years of age) long-term care residents with dementia from January 1, 2004, to March 31, 2013. Psychotropic drugs were classified into the following categories: atypical and conventional antipsychotics, non-sedative and …

Severe Mental Illnesses: Training And Education, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Publications

Amresh Srivastava

MD,MRCPsych,FRCPC

Associate Professore of Psychiatry

Western University

London.ON

Severe Mental Illnesses: Training and Education

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About 4% patients in the community suffer from severe mental illness and about 16% from ‘any mental disorder’

Maximum financial and human resource allocations for mental health is consumed in managing severe mental disorders, leaving very little for treatment of early phase of illness and for developing preventive program.

All of us, psychiatrists, family physicians, other mental health professionals like, nurse, psychologists, socal workers, occupational therapists, counsellors, and members of advocacy groups and mental health organisations, face the challenge for managing patients who …

Integrating Basic Research With Prevention/Intervention To Reduce Risky Substance Use Among College Students, Danielle M. Dick, Linda C. Hancock

Psychiatry Publications

Too often basic research on etiological processes that contribute to substance use outcomes is disconnected from efforts to develop prevention and intervention programming. Substance use on college campuses is an area of concern where translational efforts that bring together basic scientists and prevention/intervention practitioners have potential for high impact. We describe an effort at a large, public, urban university in the United States to bring together researchers across the campus with expertise in college behavioral health with university administration and health/wellness practitioners to address college student substance use and mental health. The project “Spit for Science” examines how genetic and …

Stress Reactivity To An Electronic Version Of The Trier Social Stress Test: A Pilot Study, Sage E. Hawn, Lisa Paul, Suzanne Thomas, Stephanie Miller, Ananda B. Amstadter

Psychiatry Publications

Social stressors that rely on the inclusion of confederates (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) are often used in clinical laboratory research paradigms to elicit a measurable stress response in participants. Although effective, the TSST is labor intensive and may introduce error variance as a function of confederate race, gender, and/or response characteristics. The present study aimed to develop and validate an electronic version of the TSST (e-TSST). The primary aim was to compare the e-TSST to an e-neutral control condition; the exploratory aim was to compare the magnitude of stress response elicited by the e-TSST to that elicited by …

Developmental Changes In Genetic And Shared Environmental Contributions To Smoking Initiation And Subsequent Smoking Quantity In Adolescence And Young Adulthood, Cristina B. Bares, Kenneth S. Kendler, Hermine H. Maes

Psychiatry Publications

Background

Few studies examining the genetic architecture of cigarette smoking have focused on adolescents or examined developmental changes in additive genetic, shared environment and unique environmental influences on liability to initiate cigarette smoking and quantity of cigarettes smoked. The aim of this study is to add to the literature on liability to initiate and use cigarettes during adolescence using a nationally representative sample.

Method

Data for this study came from adolescent and young adult twin pairs (ages 14-33) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We ran a series of developmental causal-contingent-common pathway models to examine whether …