Botany Commons^™

Recognition Of Bromus Richardsonii And B. Ciliatus: Evidence From Morphology, Cytology, And Dna Fingerprinting (Poaceae: Bromeae), Paul M. Peterson, Jacques Cayouette, Yasas S. N. Ferdinandez, Bruce Coulman, Ralph E. Chapman

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Since our goal was to determine characteristic differences between Bromus richardsonii and B. ciliates, a discriminate analysis (DA), principal components analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), bivariate analysis, and an amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analysis were undertaken on 93 herbarium specimens and 31 field-collected populations. A cytological survey of B. ciliates, B. richardsonii, and B. mucroglumis confirm previous reports that the first species is diploid (2n = 14) and the latter two are tetraploid (2n = 28). All taxa were correctly classified in the DA and important characters for each of the species were identified. Bromus …

Sem Studies On Vessels In Ferns. 18. Montane Cheilanthoid Ferns (Pteridaceae) Of North America, Sherwin Carlquist, Edward L. Schneider

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Xylem of roots and rhizomes of five species of four genera of tribe Cheilantheae (Pteridaceae; recently recognized by some as a segregate family, Cheilanthaceae) has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All of these species occur in habitats (cliffs, talus) of mountains of North America that are seasonally dry in summer and cold in winter. The vessels prove diverse, indicating that different perforation plate modifications are represented in the cheilanthoid ferns of these habitats, rather than different degrees of the same kind of modification. The modifications include wide perforations alternating with narrow perforations (especially prominent in Bommeria); …

Phylogenetic Relationships In Phoradendreae (Viscaceae) Inferred From Three Regions Of The Nuclear Ribosomal Cistron. Ii. The North American Species Of Phoradendron, Vanessa E. T. M. Ashworth

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A parsimony analysis based on sequences from the ITS region and two partitions of the 26S subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the North American species of Phoradendron. A strongly supported clade united all but one of the species typically lacking cataphylls, a character used previously to distinguish the northern species from those of Central and South America. The divergent placement of P. californicum relative to the members of this "northern" clade confirmed the hypothesis that species lacking cataphylls are polyphyletic. Four of five species parasitic on conifers formed a well-supported clade. However, a …

A Phylogenetic Classification Of Polemoniaceae, J. Mark Porter, Leigh A. Johnson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Three hundred seventy nine species of Polemoniaceae are arranged in a phylogenetic classification composed of three subfamilies, eight tribes, and 26 genera. Nomenclature of one tribe is clarified and the circumscription of several tribes differs greatly from previous classifications. Five new genera, Bryantiella, Dayia, Lathrocasis, Microgilia, and Saltugilia, are proposed. In addition, four new species are described from the genera Allophyllum, Dayia, Giliastrum, and lpomopsis. This treatment represents a major reclassification with 59 new combinations, and the application of several additional combinations not used in recent years.

Contents 19(2)

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Reviewers Of Manuscripts, Volumes 18 And 19

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Yuccas (Agavaceae) Of The International Four Corners: Southwestern Usa And Northwestern Mexico, Lee W. Lenz, Michael A. Hanson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Yuccas (Yucca, Agavaceae) are an easily recognizable constituent of the vegetation of the International Four Corners; an area made up of portions of Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora and Chihuahua. We recognize three species as native to the region, Yucca baccata, Y. elata and Y. madrensis, together with interspecific hybrids, and document for the first time naturally occurring intersectional hybridization between baccate-fruited (sect. Yucca) and capsular-fruited (sect. Chaenocarpa) species. We examine the reproductive barriers to hybridization operating within the genus, i.e., spatial, temporal and ethological, and we consider circumstances that may have been responsible for the production and …

New Euphorbiaceae From Mexico, Victor W. Steinmann

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

This article contained descriptions of five new taxa of Mexican Euphorbiaceae. Euphorbia (subg. Agaloma) nayarensis is endemic to pine-oak woodland in the mountains of central Nayarit. It appears related to E. soobyi but differs by possessing linear to linear-ovate leaves. Croton varelae is also endemic to central Nayarit. A key was provided to distinguish this species, a member of sect. Geiseleria, from the seven other Mexican species of this section. Croton ramillatus var. magniglandulifer occurs in the states of Guerrero and Morelos. This new variety differs from var. ramillatus by the possession of larger petiolar glands. Croton michaelii …

Contents 19(1)

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Wood And Stem Anatomy Of Phytolaccoid And Rivinoid Phytolaccaceae (Caryophyllales): Ecology, Systematics, Nature Of Successive Cambia, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative wood features are presented and analyzed for seven species of subfamily Rivinoideae and four of subfamily Phytolaccoideae. All species have nonbordered perforations plates, as elsewhere in suborder Phylocaccineae. Libriform fibers characterize both subfamilies, but vasicentric tracheids occur in two rivinoid species. Axial parenchyma is vasicentric scanty (apotracheal bands and patches in one species). Rays are mostly multiseriate, with procumbent cells infrequent in most species. Rivinoids and phytolaccoids differ from each other in ray height and width and in crystal types. The xeromorphic wood of Petiveria and Rivina is related to their short duration (woody herbs) in disturbed …

Typification And Change In Status Of Yucca Schottii (Agavaceae), Lee W. Lenz, Michael A. Hanson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

George Engelmann's concept of Y. schottii as a plant with short, stiff, yellow-green leaves has not been accepted by recent authors who apply the name to plants of southern Arizona with broad, flexible blue-green leaves. Interspecific hybrids among three yuccas present in the area, Y. baccata, Y. elata, and the wide, blue-green leafed plant are common. We believe that Arthur Schott’s collections made in 1853 upon which Engelmann based his description are of hybrid origin. We accept Engelmann's designation as the earliest applicable binomial but accord it a change in status as Y. Xschottii Engelmann pro. …

Wood Anatomy Of Fouquieriaceae In Relation To Habit, Ecology, And Systematics; Nature Of Meristems In Wood And Bark, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for wood of all species of Fouquieriaceae, the samples selected so as to cover important variables with respect to organography and age. Wood contains fibertracheids (plus a few vasicentric tracheids). Diffuse axial parenchyma is mostly grouped as diffuse-in-aggregates or diffuse clusters (new term), with transitions to pervasive axial parenchyma in some species. Rays are Heterogeneous Type II. These wood features are relatively unspecialized and are consistent with placement of the family in Ericales s.1. as defined in recent DNA-based cladograms. Xeromorphic wood in nonsucculent species occurs only in Fouquieria shrevei; the lateral branches …

Autophagomyces, Bordea, And A New Genus, Rossiomyces, (Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A revision of Autophagomyces (Laboulbeniales) was made based on a comparative morphological study of new collections and 16 species included in the genus by Thaxter in the final volume of his monograph published in 1931 and by others more recently. The concept of Autophagomyces (species on Anthicidae, Phalacridae, and Scapidiidae [Coleoptera]) was narrowed and comprises 12 species, four of them new, i.e., A. hammondii, A. mexicanus, A. protuberans, and A. ramosus. The genus Bordea (species on Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae [Coleopteraj), which had been included in Autophagomyces by Thaxter, was reinstated and comprises 14 species, seven new, i.e., …

Index To Volumes 18 And 19

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Map-Making Of Plant Biomass And Leaf Area Index For Management Of Protected Areas, Loretta Gratani, Maria Fiore Crescente

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

An inventory of the vegetation types of Castelporziano Estate (Rome), including examples of Mediterranean ecosystems in excellent preserved condition, was compiled. Because Leaf Area Index (LAI) changed with forest structure and developmental stages, maximum LAI provided a good estimate of maximum biomass accumulation. Plant biomass estimation, ranging from 61 tons ha^-1 to 360 tons ha^-1, fitted well into 14 biomass classes; the highest values (from 301 tons ha^-1 to 360 tons ha^-1) were related to stratified forested vegetation types, including the more mature Pinus pinea plantations, Quercus ilex evergreen forests and broad leaf mixed …

A Floristic Study Of Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Sonoma County, California, Frederica S. Bowcutt

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A ist of 400 vascular plants was compiled for Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, a 1142 hectare (2820 acre) park in the outer North Coast Ranges within Sonoma County and adjacent western Napa County, California. Relatively undisturbed stands of native perennial bunchgrasses occur the understory In portions of both the oakwood land and the mixed evergreen forest. Grasslands on serpentine in the park are typically dominated by Nassella. One of the sttlte's eastentmost coast redwood forests occurs in the park. Nonnative Centaurea solstitialis rapidly invades annual grasslands and other disturbed in the park. The California Oepanment of and Recreation (DPR) …

Potential Utility Of Chloroplast Trnl (Uaa) Gene Intron Sequences For Inferring Phylogeny In Scrophulariaceae, C. Edward Freeman, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Whereas chloroplast DNA-derived sequence data from protein coding regions have been utilized successfully at many taxonomic levels in recent years, sequences which are variable enough to allow for efficient phylogenetic inference (maximum information with relatively low sequencing costs and effort) at the subfamilial level huve been few. Sequence data were obtained in this study from a noncoding region, the trnL (UAA) gene intron, from a selection of taxa from the Scrophulariaceae and closely related families (representing 41 species in 26 genera). Groups of species from commonly recognized tribes and subtribes were included to determine if these taxa were grouped together …

Laboulbeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Viii. Monandromyces, A New Genus Based On Autophagomeces Microveliae(Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A new genus of Laboulbeniales (Laboulbeniaceae: Stigmatomycetinae), Monandromyces, was described. Its type species, M. hemipteralis, was based on Autophagomyces hemipteralis. The latter, which parasitizes a riparian bug, a species of Microvelia (Heteroptera: Veliidae), was characterized by Roland Thaxter in 1931. Ten new species of Monandromyces- taken from members of three genera of Veliidae-were described as follows: M. australis, M. falcatus, M. polhemorum, M. protuberans, M. tenuistipitis, and M. umbonatus (on Microvelia spp.); M. neoalardi (on Neoalardus sp.); and M. elongates, M. longispinae, and M. pseudoveliae (on Pseudovelia spp.). Keys …

Articulated Cork In Calotropis Procera (Asclepiadaceae), Simcha Lev-Yadun

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The cork of the small tree. Calotropis procera, which grows in a very hot district of Israel, is remarkable for its thickness and brittleness. The cork of the stems and large branches is composed of longitudinal ridges that extend over several internodes. The cork ridges have deep fissures around the circumference at almost every node. I propose that these nodal fissures in the cork serve as joints for two functions: (1) to prevent breakage of the fragile cork layer when branches bend under wind stress, and (2) to allow thermal expansion while avoiding tissue cracking on extremely hot days, …

The Palms (Arecaceae) Of Sonora, Mexico, Richard S. Felger, Elaine Joyal

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

This publication is an account of the palms (Arecaceae) in the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico. Six native palm species in three genera are recorded for Sonora: Brahea with four species, and Sabal and Washingtonia each with one species. Relationships and taxonomy within Brahea, especially B. elegans, remain unresolved. Brief botanical descriptions, taxonomic synopses, local names, identification keys, conservation status and recommendations, and distributional and ethno- botanical information are provided for each species. Basionyms and types are cited. Distributions are documented with citations of nearly all herbarium specimens known to us from Sonora. Many palm populations in …

Wood Anatomy Of Agdestis (Caryophyllales): Systematic Position And Nature Of Successive Cambia, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Features in which Agdestis differs from Phytolaccaceae s. s. include presence of both libriform fibers and vasicentric tracheids (rather than one or the other); bands and strands of thin-walled apotracheal parenchyma (in addition to paratracheal scanty parenchyma}, and raylessness (also reported for Bougainvillea of Nyctaginaceae, a family close to Phytolaccaceae). Dimorphism in vessel diameter in Agdestis (narrow vessels like libriform fibers in diameter) is attributable to the lianoid habit. Packets of crystals coarser than typical for raphides occur idioblastically in Agdestis, as do raphides in Phytolacca. ln Phytolacca and in other Phytolaccaceae, one finds an unusual feature that …

Wood And Bark Anatomy Of Schisandraceae: Implications For Phylogeny, Habit, And Vessel Evolution, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Qualitative and quantitative features are reported for mature wood and bark of two species of Kadsura and five species of Schisandra. Newly reported for the family are predominance of simple perforation plates (all species); presence of pit membrane remnants in vessels of first-formed secondary xylem; two to three series of pits per facet on tracheids; diffuse axial parenchyma (Kadsura); multiseri- ate rays more than three cells wide at the widest point (all species); ethereal oil cells in axial xylem; and certain details of comparative bark anatomy. Differences in wood anatomy between Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae are nearly all …

An Expanded Circumscription Of Bouteloua (Gramineae: Choridoideae): New Combinations And Names, J. Travis Columbus

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Cladistic analysis of nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences has revealed that the New World grass genus Bouteloua (Chloridoideae) is not monophyletic. Indeed, some species of Bouteloua are more closely related to species in other genera than to congeners. The problem was dealt with by expanding the circumscription of Bouteloua to include species formerly positioned in the satellite genera Buchloe (1 species), Buchlomimus/em> (1), Cathestecum/em> (4), Cyclostachya/em> (1), Griffithsochloa (1), Opizia (2), Pentarrhaphis (3), Pringleochloa (1), and Soderstromia(1). Thirteen new combinations and names were necessary. As here circumscribed, Bouteloua is monophyletic and comprises 57 species.

Glume Absence In The Orcuttieae (Gramineae: Chloridoideae) And A Hypothisis Of Intratribal Relationships, Eric H. Roalson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

This study addresses glume absence in tribe Orcuttieae. In Orcuttia califomica, O. inaequalis, and O. viscida, all spikelets possess two glumes except for the terminal spikelet of the inflorescence, which lacks both glumes. In O. pilosa and Tuctoria greenei the terminal spikelet lacks only the first (proximal) glume, whereas in O. tenuis, T. fragilis, and T. mucronata both glumes are developed on all spikelets. This is the first report of glume absence in species of Orcuttieae other than Neostapfia colusana, which has been long reported to lack both glumes on all spikelets. A hypothesis …

Eleocharis Yecorensis (Cyperaceae), A New Species Of Spike-Sedge From México, Eric H. Roalson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) includes approximately 200 species and is particularly diverse in the New World. A newly discovered species of subgenus Limnochloa is described from the states of Sonora and Mexico, Mexico. Eleocharis yecorensis is related to E. acutangula, E. mutata. and E. quadrangulata and can be distinguished from these species by its five-angled culms, obdeltoid achenes. and narrow neck between tubercle and achene body. In addition. E. yecorensis possesses root storage structures similar to those found in the Chinese water chestnut, Eleocharis dulcis.

Vascular Flora Of The Liebre Mountains, Western Transverse Ranges, California, Steve Boyd

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The Liebre Mountains form a discrete unit of the Transverse Ranges of southern California. Geographically, the range is transitional to the San Gabriel Mountains, Inner Coast Ranges, Tehachapi Mountains, and Mojave Desert. A total of 1010 vascular plant taxa was recorded from the range,representing 104 families and 400 genera. The ratio of native vs. nonnative elements of the flora is 4:1, similar to that documented in other areas of cismontane southern California. The range is noteworthy for the diversity of Quercus and oak-dominated vegetation. A total of 32 sensitive plant taxa (rare, threatened or endangered) was recorded from the range.

Nomenclatural Changes In Polemoniaceae, J. Mark Porter

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA of Polemoniaceae have prompted a reexamination of morphological data and a reassessment of current taxonomy. These studies prompt several nomenclatural changes in the family. Eight taxa formerly included in Gilia section Giliastrum are transferred to the genus Giliastrum. In addition, two new tribes of Polemoniaceae are recognized.

Shifting Paradigms In Island Biology, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The ease of travel by jet aircraft has opened up island areas not only for study but also for introduction of weeds, pests, and pathogens. We are at a critical juncture in the study of island organisms, which have become more accessible at the same time that they are vanishing. With the urgency for study of island organisms, we have many new tools, especially molecular ones, which have validated the existence of long-distance dispersal in unexpected ways. These tools, together with the ease of staying for longer periods on islands, have permitted us to understand many aspects of evolutionary adaptation …

Conserving Plants As Evolutionary Entities: Successes And Unanswered Questions From New Zealand And Elsewhere, Ian A. E. Atkinson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Saving a species from extinction may not insure that its future will continue as before, even when the surviving population is in a wild habitat. Former selection forces may be missing or replaced by others so that the species develops along a different evolutionary pathway. Such disruption of evolutionary direction may be particularly important for island taxa given that modification by humans and their introduced organisms is making many islands more similar to continental habitats. In restoring habitats for island species, special attention should therefore be given to identify ing the major selective forces likely to have been operating during …

Landscape Management Challenges On The California Channel Islands, William L. Halvorson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Managing for sustained biodiversity and restoration of natural habitat has become increasingly important over the last two decades, first as mitigation for development (especially in wetlands), and , more recently in natural areas. The latter has come about as land managing agencies like the Department of Defense and Bureau of Land Management have seen the need to reverse the impact of past land uses and agencies like the National Park Service and The Nature Conservancy have taken on the responsibility for less-than-pristine lands.

On the California Channel Islands, the need for restoring and managing biodiversity is great, but this restoration …