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Articles 241 - 270 of 692
Full-Text Articles in Botany
Plant Conservation In A Changing World, Peter H. Raven
Plant Conservation In A Changing World, Peter H. Raven
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Wood Anatomy Of Resedaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Resedaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for seven species of four genera of Resedaceae. Newly reported for the family are helical striations in vessels, vasicentric and marginal axial parenchyma, procumbent ray cells, and perforated ray cells. Wood features of Resedaceae may be found in one or more of the families of Capparales close to it (Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Tovariaceae). Lack of borders on pits of imperforate tracheary elements is likely a derived character state. Wood of Reseda is more nearly juvenile than that of the other genera in ray histology; this corresponds to the herbaceousness of Reseda. The quantitative features …
Wood Anatomy Of Portulacaceae And Hectorellaceae: Ecological, Habital, And Systematic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Portulacaceae And Hectorellaceae: Ecological, Habital, And Systematic Implications, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative wood data are given for 13 species of 10 genera of Portulacaceae (secondary xylem from additional species of Anacampseros and Lewisia were studied but not quantitatively analyzed). Most Portulacaceae show modifications that can be related to the succulent habit, including wide, tall rays mostly composed of thin-walled cells; total or partial substitution of axial parenchyma for libriform fibers ; and modified patterns of pitting on lateral walls of vessels. Pseudoscalariform pitting is more common in Portulacaceae than in other dicotyledon families. In vessels of Anacampseros wood, wide helical bands of secondary wall materi al are present. Similar …
A Floristic Study In The Diamond Creek Drainage Area, Gila National Forest, New Mexico, Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred
A Floristic Study In The Diamond Creek Drainage Area, Gila National Forest, New Mexico, Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The Diamond Creek drainage is one of the major watershed systems of the Gila National Forest in southwestern New Mexico. The purposes of this study were to catalog the vascular plants of a portion of this drainage area, describe the vegetation zones, locate any threatened, endangered, or sensitive plant species, and assess plant regeneration in areas that have been burned. The study area is located in the eastern portion of the Gila National Forest along the Black Range in the northwest corner of Sierra County. It covers approximately 5600 hectares (14000 acres) and ranges in elevation from 2250 to 3000 …
Aliciella, A Recircumscribed Genus Of Polemoniaceae, J. Mark Porter
Aliciella, A Recircumscribed Genus Of Polemoniaceae, J. Mark Porter
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Recent phylogenetic analyses within Polemoniaceae have provided evidence that the current circumscriptionof Gilia recognizes and gives taxonomic status to a polyphyletic assemblage of species. As a first step in rectifying this problem, the genus Aliciella Brand (Polemoniaceae) is resurrected and recircumscribed to include Gilia section Giliandra and Gilia subgenus Gilmania sensu Mason & Grant, a monophyletic (=holophyletic) group as here described. Twenty-one recombinations are proposed: Aliciella cespitosa, A. formosa, A. haydenii, A. haydenii subsp. crandallii, A. heterostyla, A. humillima, A. hutchinsifolia, A. latifolia, A. latifolia subsp. imperialis. A. leptomeria. A. lottiae. A. mcvickerae.A. micromeria. A. nyensis, A. pentstemonoides, A. …
Ecophysiological Observations On Lane Mountain Milkvetch, Astragalus Jaegerianus (Fabaceae), A Proposed Endangered Species Of The Mojave Desert, Arthur C. Gibson, M. Rasoul Sharifi, Philip W. Rundel
Ecophysiological Observations On Lane Mountain Milkvetch, Astragalus Jaegerianus (Fabaceae), A Proposed Endangered Species Of The Mojave Desert, Arthur C. Gibson, M. Rasoul Sharifi, Philip W. Rundel
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Astragalus jaegerianus, the Lane Mountain milkvetch, a perennial herbaceous legume, is a rare and very narrow endemic of the central Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County, California, and currently proposed to be listed as an endangered species. This herb grows in the protection of low shrubs. Anatomical observations revealed that leaflets are amphistomatic and have isolateral mesophyll, typical of full-sun desert leaves, and the green stem is an important photosynthetic organ, having abundant stomata and a cylinder of cortical chlore nchyma. Ecophysiological studies showed that this species requires high PFD (1400-1500 μmol m-2s-1) to achieve …
Phylogeny And Adaptation In The Encelia Alliance (Asteraceae: Helliantheae), Curtis Clark
Phylogeny And Adaptation In The Encelia Alliance (Asteraceae: Helliantheae), Curtis Clark
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The three related genera Encelia, Enceliopsis, and Geraea comprise the alliance. The first consists primarily of shrubs and the latter two of herbaceous perennials and an annual. With the exception of two Encelia species of arid South America, all inhabit southwestern North America. Enceliopsis and Geraea are sister groups, and together form the sister group to Encelia, which includes two major clades. Especially in Encelia, there are diverse morphologies and a variety of ecological strategies marked by differences in habitat, vestiture, water balance, and photosynthetic parameters. The North American species of all three genera are obligate …
Cheilanthoid Ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) In The Southwestern United States And Adjacent Mexico-A Molecular Phylogenetic Reassessment Of Generic Lines, Gerald J. Gastony, David R. Rollo
Cheilanthoid Ferns (Pteridaceae: Cheilanthoideae) In The Southwestern United States And Adjacent Mexico-A Molecular Phylogenetic Reassessment Of Generic Lines, Gerald J. Gastony, David R. Rollo
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Cheilanthoids are the most commonly encountered fern species of the arid southwest and other xeric habitats throughout the world. Cheilanthes, Notholaena, Pellaea, and Bommeria are the best known southwestern genera, but some authors recognize segregate genera such as Argyrochosma, Aspidotis, Astrolepis, and Pentagramma. Others reject distinctions among some of these genera as artificial, leaving cheilanthoid generic concepts in a state of flux. This unsettled taxonomy is often attributed to morphological homoplasy associated with adaptation to xeric habitats, suggesting the need for new analyses that do not depend on potentially misleading morphology. Nucleotide sequences …
New Names And Combinations In Encelia Frutescens Sensu Lato (Asteraceae: Heliantheae, Curtis Clark
New Names And Combinations In Encelia Frutescens Sensu Lato (Asteraceae: Heliantheae, Curtis Clark
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Plant Systematics: Beginnings And Endings, Billie L. Turner
Plant Systematics: Beginnings And Endings, Billie L. Turner
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Arabis Hirshbergiae (Brassicaceae), A Narrow Endemic From The Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County, California, Steve Boyd
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A narrow endemic from the Cuyamaca Mountains of southern California is described as a new species, Arabis hirshbergiae. Closest relationships appear to be with A. johnstonii and A. parishii, also narrow endemics from the San Jacinto and San Bernardino Mountains respectively. All three species are associated with pebble plain habitats in montane areas characterized by relatively gentle relief compared with surrounding canyons and ridge systems.
Introduction, Edward L. Schneider, Roy L. Taylor
Introduction, Edward L. Schneider, Roy L. Taylor
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Wood Anatomy Of Calyceraceae With Reference To Ecology, Habit, And Systematic Relationships, Sherwin Carlquist, Melanie L. Devore
Wood Anatomy Of Calyceraceae With Reference To Ecology, Habit, And Systematic Relationships, Sherwin Carlquist, Melanie L. Devore
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for secondary xylem of 14 species of four genera of Calyceraceae; root wood is studied for acaulescent perennials and one annual. The wood anatomy of most species of Calycera has character states identical to those seen in wood of most Asteraceae (including phylads of Asteraceae thought to be basic in that family). Goodeniaceae have two features (tracheids, diffuse parenchyma) more primitive than corresponding conditions in Asteraceae and CaIyceraceae according to traditional criteria. Diversity in wood anatomy within Calyceraceae is explainable in terms of adaptation to particular ecological conditions. Although woods of the family as …
Phylogenetic Relationships Of Polemoniaceae: Inferences From Mitochondrial Nad1b Intron Sequences, J. Mark Porter, Leigh A. Johnson
Phylogenetic Relationships Of Polemoniaceae: Inferences From Mitochondrial Nad1b Intron Sequences, J. Mark Porter, Leigh A. Johnson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The most recent assessments of phylogenetic relationships and diversification in the flowering plant family Polemoniaceae have relied on nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences. We employed the mitochondrial nad1b intron, located within the second transcription unit of the first subunit of NADH dehydrogenase, for phylogenetic inference. Maximum parsimony analysis of these data provided evidence that Polemoniaceae are more closely related to families Fouquieriaceae, Diapensiaceae, Styracaceae, and Primulaceae than to families of the Solananae, where it has been classified. Fouquieriaceae are inferred to be the sister group of Polemoniaceae; however, when indels are treated as additional characters and given twice the …
Laboubeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vii. Addenda To Species Of Triceromyces On Hydrometridae And Further Observations On Dioecism In The Order, Richard K. Benjamin
Laboubeniales On Semiaquatic Heteroptera. Vii. Addenda To Species Of Triceromyces On Hydrometridae And Further Observations On Dioecism In The Order, Richard K. Benjamin
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Four new species of Triceromyces (Laboulbeniales) parasitic on Hydrometra (Heteroptera: Hydrometridae) were described and aspects of their morphology and development were discussed and illustrated with line drawings. Two of the species, T. floridanus and T. elongatus, are monoecious; T. floridanus, known only from Florida, U.S.A., has features allying it with T. elongatus, which ranges from Madagascar and Kenya in Africa to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka in Asia. The other two undoubtedly closely related species, T. lithophilus and T. terrestris, are dioecious and parasitize two closely related endemic species of Hydrometra thriving in a small region …
A Coalescent Approach To Chloroplast Genome Relationships Within And Between Populations Of Pinus Devoniana In Mexico, Jennifer A. Matos
A Coalescent Approach To Chloroplast Genome Relationships Within And Between Populations Of Pinus Devoniana In Mexico, Jennifer A. Matos
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Pinus devoniana, a member of the Pinus montezumae complex (Ponderosae) of Mexico and Central America occurs as scattered populations from the western states of Jalisco and Nayarit to Chiapas in the east. Populations within regions, i.e., western or eastern Mexico, are separated by from 75 to 300 km, while the eastern and western populations are more that 700 km apart. Levels of gene flow between populations within regions and between eastern and western Mexico are assessed using the paternally inherited chloroplast genome as a marker. Twenty-five polymorphic restriction chloroplast sites were found in the 175 individuals surveyed; …
Plant Conservation In The Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile, Tod F. Stuessy, Ulf Swenson, Daniel J. Crawford, Gregory Anderson, Mario Silva O.
Plant Conservation In The Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile, Tod F. Stuessy, Ulf Swenson, Daniel J. Crawford, Gregory Anderson, Mario Silva O.
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Oceanic archipelagos often hold very specialized floras with high degrees of endemism. These floras are frequently highly vulnerable to disturbance by natural causes and human intervention. The Juan Fernandez Islands (Chile) in the Pacific Ocean are a small archipelago of only three islands. Since discovery in 1574 by Juan Fernandez, human activities have altered floristic composition and survival circumstances of the endemic species. In this paper we document past and present means of disturbance, both anthropogenic and natural, which have influenced the native vegetation. The most destructive past activities have been logging and .introduction of animals and plants, both deliberately …
Cladistic Parsimony Analysis Of Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (Nrdna) Sequences Of Bouteloua And Relatives (Gramineae: Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Michael S. Kinney, Rashmi Pant, Maria Elena Siqueros Delgado
Cladistic Parsimony Analysis Of Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (Nrdna) Sequences Of Bouteloua And Relatives (Gramineae: Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Michael S. Kinney, Rashmi Pant, Maria Elena Siqueros Delgado
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Chloridoideae) employing cladistic parsimony analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) DNA sequences. Included were Aegopogon (2 of 4 species), Bouteloua (34 of 42), Buchloë (1 of 1), Buchlomimus (1 of 1), Cathestecum (2 of 4), Cyclostachya (1 of 1), Griffithsochloa (1 of 1), Hilaria (1 of 7), Opizia (2 of 2), Pentarrhaphis (2 of 3), Pleuraphis (2 of 3), Pringleochloa (1 of 1), Soderstromia (1 of 1), and five outgroup genera/species for a total of I8 genera, 56 species, and ten varieties. In all, the ITS region of 72 plants was sequenced and …
Exploring Alternative Systems Of Classification, Kathleen A. Kron
Exploring Alternative Systems Of Classification, Kathleen A. Kron
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Classification involves the development of a system of naming clades that can represent evolutionary relationships accurately and concisely. Using the acid-loving heath plants (Ericales) as an example, one can explore the application of different classification methods. The Linnean system of naming retains the traditional hierarchical framework (named ranks) and allows for the application of many cuqently used names. The "phylogenetic systematic" approach recommends the removal of an absolute hierarchy but allows retention of traditionally used endings such as -aceae. Historical usage of these names can lead to confusion when the names are used within a discussion or text, especially when …
Vegetative Proliferation In Polypogon Monspeliensis (Gramineae), Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred
Vegetative Proliferation In Polypogon Monspeliensis (Gramineae), Eric H. Roalson, Kelly W. Allred
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Two New Species Of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) From Chile, Gerald A. Wheeler
Two New Species Of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) From Chile, Gerald A. Wheeler
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Two new species of Uncinia (Cyperaceae) are described from Chile. Both are local endemics, with U. chilensis known from VIII (Bío Bío) and IX (Araucanía) regións of central Chile and U. araucana from IX Región only.
Additions To The Vascular Flora Of San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, California, With Notes On Clarifications And Deletions, Timothy S. Ross, Steve Boyd, Steve Junak
Additions To The Vascular Flora Of San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, California, With Notes On Clarifications And Deletions, Timothy S. Ross, Steve Boyd, Steve Junak
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The number of vascular plant taxa reported from San Clemente Island, California, is briefly summarized. Recent additions to the vascular flora are presented and, with one exception, representative voucher specimens are cited as substantiation. Of the taxa di scussed, 68 are previously unreported taxa, and six are substantiations of previously dubious reports. An additional dozen taxa are cited in relation to clarifications or deletions. Based on current knowledge, we estimate the known flora to consist of 396 species with an additional 19 infraspecific taxa represented. Of these 415 taxa, 69.2% (272 speciesl15 additional subspecies or varieties) are considered indigenous to …
Phylogeny Of Polemoniaceae Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Dna Sequences, J. Mark Porter
Phylogeny Of Polemoniaceae Based On Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Dna Sequences, J. Mark Porter
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences are used to estimate the phylogeny of 53 members of Polemoniaceae, representing all but two genera of the family. Fitch parsimony analysis of equal-weighted nucleotide sites result in 1080 minimal-length trees. However, when alignment-ambiguous positions are removed and an II: 10 transition to transversion weighting is imposed only eight trees are found. These data are used to address two issues: I) patterns of diversification in Polemoniaceae, and 2) the circumscription and monophyly of the genus Gilia. Although the monophyly of Polemoniaceae is well supported, relationships inferred among the earliest diverging lineages …
Hierarchial Roots And Shoots Or Opera Jehovae Magna! (Psalms 111:2), Dan H. Nicolson
Hierarchial Roots And Shoots Or Opera Jehovae Magna! (Psalms 111:2), Dan H. Nicolson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The philosophy of Linnaeus's classification, Systema Naturae, is briefly reviewed, as well as those of post-Linnaean systems of plant classification. Texts of current codes of nomenclature pertaining to hierarchy, including associated rank terminations, are compared.
Problems In Cladistic Classification: Higher-Level Relationships In Land Plants, Peter R. Crane, Paul Kenrick
Problems In Cladistic Classification: Higher-Level Relationships In Land Plants, Peter R. Crane, Paul Kenrick
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Recent cladistic analyses of green plants recognize an extensive hierarchical series of relatively well-supported monophyletic groups. Translating this hierarchical pattern of relationships into a usable and informative written classification is important for purposes of scientific communication, research and teaching. However, in the context of the "Linnean" hierarchy, as manifested in the current International code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), effecting this translation confronts substantial practical difficulties--especially the proliferation of hierarchical levels. These problems are exacerbated by the current emphasis of the ICBN on a hierarchy in which different ranks have different formal rank-based endings. These difficulties could be ameliorated by de-emphasizing …
Classification: More Than Just Branching Patterns Of Evolution, Tod F. Stuessy
Classification: More Than Just Branching Patterns Of Evolution, Tod F. Stuessy
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The past 35 years in biological systematics have been a time of remarkable philosophical and methodological developments. For nearly a century after Darwin's Origin of Species, systematists worked to understand the diversity of nature based on evolutionary relationships. Numerous concepts were presented and elaborated upon, such as homology, parallelism, divergence, primitiveness and advancedness, cladogenesis and anagenesis. Classifications were based solidly on phylogenetic concepts; they were avowedly monophyletic. Phenetics emphasized the immense challenges represented by phylogeny reconstruction and advised against basing classifications upon it. Pheneticists forced reevaluation of all previous classificatory efforts, and objectivity and repeatability in both grouping and …
The Euphorbiaceae Of Sonora, Mexico, Victor W. Steinmann, Richard S. Felger
The Euphorbiaceae Of Sonora, Mexico, Victor W. Steinmann, Richard S. Felger
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
This publication is an account of the Euphorbiaceae in the state of Sonora, México. Nineteen genera, 143 species, and three additional varieties are recorded for the state; three species expected within the state are also treated. One species of Acalypha and three species and one subspecies of Euphorbia are described. Dichotomous keys for the identification of genera and species are provided. Bibliographic citations, type information, synonyms, brief habit descriptions, times of reproduction, habitat preferences as well as elevational range within Sonora, geographical distribution, and representative specimens are given for each species. When appropriate, notes on uses, taxonomic or nomenclatural problems, …
Uncinia (Cyperaceae) Of Ecuador, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetghebeur
Uncinia (Cyperaceae) Of Ecuador, Gerald A. Wheeler, Paul Goetghebeur
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Nine species of Uncinia (Cyperaceae: Caricoideae) are recorded from Ecuador, one of which, U. ecuadorensis, is newly described and illustrated here. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and both artificial and vegetative keys are provided for the nine species, and for some uncinias additional taxonomic, phytogeographic and ecological comments are made. A lectotype is designated for the name U. lenuis.
Karyotypes And Idiograms Of Some Western North American Species Of Lotus (Fabaceae), William F. Grant
Karyotypes And Idiograms Of Some Western North American Species Of Lotus (Fabaceae), William F. Grant
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Karyotypes and idiograms are presented for 12 species (L. argophyllus var. argophyllus, L. crassifolius, L. dendroideus var. dendroideus, L. grandifiorus, L. humistratus, L. oblongifolius var. oblongifolius, L. stipularis, L. scoparius var. scoparius, L. salsuginosus var. salsuginosus, L. rigidus, L. wrangelianus, L. wrightii) and 3 varieties (L. argophyllus var. argenteus, L. nevadensis var. douglasii, L. scoparius var. brevialatus) of Lotus L. (Fabaceae) belonging to four different groups of the genus (Hosackia, Syrmatium, Microlotus, and Simpteria). The chromosome number for L. dendroideus var. dendroideus (2n = 14) is reported …
Wood Anatomy Of Buddlejaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood Anatomy Of Buddlejaceae, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 23 species of Buddleja and one species each of Emorya, Nuxia, and Peltanthera. Although crystal distribution is likely a systematic feature of some species of Buddleja, other wood features relate closely to ecology. Features correlated with xeromorphy in Buddleja include strongly marked growth rings (terminating with vascular tracheids), narrower mean vessel diameter, shorter vessel elements, greater vessel density, and helical thickenings in vessels. Old World species of Buddleja cannot be differentiated from New World species on the basis of wood features. Emorya wood is like that of xeromorphic species …