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Articles 181 - 210 of 692
Full-Text Articles in Botany
Phylogeny, Genome Size, And Chromosome Evolution Of Asparagales, J. Chris Pires, Ivan J. Maureira, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Systma, Ole Seberg, Gitte Peterson, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, Mark W. Chase
Phylogeny, Genome Size, And Chromosome Evolution Of Asparagales, J. Chris Pires, Ivan J. Maureira, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Systma, Ole Seberg, Gitte Peterson, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, Mark W. Chase
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Asparagales are a diverse monophyletic order that has numerous species (ca. 50% of monocots) including important crop plants such as Allium, Asparagus, and Vanilla, and a host of ornamentals such as irises, hyacinths, and orchids. Historically, Asparagales have been of interest partly because of their fascinating chromosomal evolution. We examine the evolutionary dynamics of Asparagales genomes in an updated phylogenetic framework that combines analyses of seven gene regions (atp1, atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL, trnL intron, and trnL-F intergenic spacer) for 79 taxa of Asparagales and outgroups. Asparagales genomes are evolutionarily labile for …
Phylogenetics Of The "Tiger-Flower" Group (Tigridieae: Iridaceae): Molecular And Morphological Evidence, Aaron Rodriguez, Kenneth J. Sytsma
Phylogenetics Of The "Tiger-Flower" Group (Tigridieae: Iridaceae): Molecular And Morphological Evidence, Aaron Rodriguez, Kenneth J. Sytsma
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The phylogenetic relationships among 23 species of the tribe Tigridieae (lridaceae) were inferred using morphological data and nucleotide sequences from nuclear ITS and three intergenic spacers of the cpDNA: psbA-trnH, trnT-trnL, and trnL-trnF. Although all data sets supported a monophyletic Mexican-Guatemalan Tigridiinae including two taxa usually placed in Cipurinae (Cardiostigma longispatha and Nemastylis convoluta), neither morphology, cpDNA, nor ITS resolved phylogenetic relationships within this lineage. A graphical tree of trees analysis showed the cladograms derived from morphology to be the most topologically distinct within the set of all trees …
Pollination Biology And Adaptive Radiation Of Agavaceae, With Special Emphasis On The Genus Agave, Martha Rocha, Sara V. Good-Ávila, Fracisco Molina-Freaner, Hector T. Arita, Amanda Castillo, Abisaí García-Mendoza, Arturo Silva-Montellano, Brandon S. Gaut, Valeria Souza, Luis E. Eguiarte
Pollination Biology And Adaptive Radiation Of Agavaceae, With Special Emphasis On The Genus Agave, Martha Rocha, Sara V. Good-Ávila, Fracisco Molina-Freaner, Hector T. Arita, Amanda Castillo, Abisaí García-Mendoza, Arturo Silva-Montellano, Brandon S. Gaut, Valeria Souza, Luis E. Eguiarte
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Agavaceae are an American family that comprises nine genera and ca. 300 species distributed in arid and semiarid environments, mainly in Mexico. The family is very successful and displays a wide array of ecological, reproductive, and morphological adaptations. Many of its members play important roles as keystone species, because they produce abundant resources during the reproductive season. In this paper we analyze the current knowledge about the pollination ecology of the different genera in the family and the role that pollination systems have played in the ecological and phylogenetic success of the group. After providing an overview of each of …
Molecular Studies Of Subfamily Gilliesioideae (Alliaceae), Michael F. Fay, Paula J. Rudall, Mark W. Chase
Molecular Studies Of Subfamily Gilliesioideae (Alliaceae), Michael F. Fay, Paula J. Rudall, Mark W. Chase
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
We present an analysis of relationships in Gilliesioideae (Alliaceae) based on a combined matrix of plastid rbcL, the trnL intron, the trnL-F intergenic spacer, and the rps16 intron and nuclear ITS ribosomal DNA sequences. The results are generally congruent with previous analyses, indicating two well-supported groups: Ipheion plus allied genera ("lpheieae" ined.) and Gilliesieae. They also provide higher bootstrap support for many patterns of relationships. Polyphyly of lpheion and Nothoscordum is confirmed. Increased taxon sampling (particularly in Gilliesieae) and additional molecular data would be desirable to provide further resolution and to allow an appropriate taxonomic revision …
Species Boundaries And Population Divergence In The Pyrenean Endemic Relict Genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae) As Revealed By Microsatellite (Ssr) And Other Hypervariable Markers, José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues, Pilar Catalan
Species Boundaries And Population Divergence In The Pyrenean Endemic Relict Genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae) As Revealed By Microsatellite (Ssr) And Other Hypervariable Markers, José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues, Pilar Catalan
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Microsatellite alleles were used to delimit the genetic boundaries and divergence of the two relictual endemic Pyrenean taxa Borderea chouardii and B. pyrenaica (Dioscoreaceae), and to infer the different life histories followed by each species. Our study was conducted on the same populations previously analyzed with allozymes and RAPD markers. The three studied data sets were congruent in the inference of a single evolutionary scenario for the split of the two Borderea taxa from a common Tertiary ancestor in the Prepyrenees, thus supporting their taxonomic treatment as separate species. However, the more variable SSR and RAPD data provided better resolution …
Phylogeny Of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based On A Combined Multigene Plastid Dna Analysis, Peter Goldblatt, T. Jonathan Davies, John C. Manning, Michelle Van Der Bank, Vincent Savolainen
Phylogeny Of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based On A Combined Multigene Plastid Dna Analysis, Peter Goldblatt, T. Jonathan Davies, John C. Manning, Michelle Van Der Bank, Vincent Savolainen
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The phylogeny of Crocoideae, the largest of four subfamilies currently recognized in Tridaceae, has eluded resolution until sequences of two more plastid DNA regions were added here to a previously published matrix containing sequences from four DNA plastid regions. Sister to the core Nivenioideae, the woody Klattia, Nivenia, and Witsenia, Crocoideae are a climax group in lridaceae, comprising some 995 species, slightly more than half of the total in the family. Synapomorphies of Crocoideae include pollen exine perforate, pollen aperture operculate, ovule campylotropous (or hypotropous), root xylem vessels with simple perforations, cormous rootstock, inflorescence a spike, and plants deciduous. The …
Phylogenetic Analyses And Biogeography Of Trilliaceae, Susan B. Farmer
Phylogenetic Analyses And Biogeography Of Trilliaceae, Susan B. Farmer
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Trilliaceae are plants of North Temperate forests with a holarctic distribution and a high degree of endemism. Molecular phylogenetic analyses are presented in order to examine the tribal, generic, and species-level classification of the family. These molecular studies, and earlier morphological studies, support the placement of the genus Pseudotrillium as basal in the family and sister to the tribes Trillieae and Parideae, which are monophyletic sister groups. Trillidium (Trillium) govanianum provides an unresolved problem: morphologically it is included within Parideae, but molecular data place it within Trillium as sister to T. undulatum. Within tribe Trillieae, clades are …
Pollen Wall Ultrastructure Of Araceae And Lemnaceae In Relation To Molecular Classifications, Michael Hesse
Pollen Wall Ultrastructure Of Araceae And Lemnaceae In Relation To Molecular Classifications, Michael Hesse
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
A comparative ultrastructural study of Araceae pollen walls was conducted for the first time. The results are based mainly on investigations by transmission electron microscopy of 101 species in 70 genera (out of a total of 105 genera), while pollen of 83 genera with 219 species were studied by scanning electron microscopy, generally without acetolysis. Special attention was given to Lemnaceae (including Limnobiophyllum) considered to be closely related to Araceae (especially to Pistia). The ultrastructural pollen wall characters are mostly in accordance with and strongly support the morphological classifications and the arrangement of genera within recent molecular trees. …
A Reappraisal Of Phylogentic Relationships In The Monocotyledon Family Hydrocharitaceae (Alismatidae), Donald H. Les, Michael L. Moody, Connie L. Soros
A Reappraisal Of Phylogentic Relationships In The Monocotyledon Family Hydrocharitaceae (Alismatidae), Donald H. Les, Michael L. Moody, Connie L. Soros
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The diverse, aquatic Hydrocharitaceae have defied stable classification for nearly two centuries. Anatomical and morphological convergence characterize many aquatic plants and undoubtedly have hindered the ability of researchers to ascertain accurately those features representing reliable phylogenetic markers within Hydrocharitaceae. Most prior classifications of the family have emphasized few characters to define major taxonomic subdivisions (i.e., they were highly artificial). Previous studies using molecular data have shown that DNA sequences provide novel indications of phylogeny not indicated previously by morphologically based classifications; however, they have not yet recommended alterations to the classification for the family. We conducted a more comprehensive phylogenetic …
Stem Anatomy Of Climbing Palms In Relation To Long-Distance Water Transport, P. Barry Tomlinson
Stem Anatomy Of Climbing Palms In Relation To Long-Distance Water Transport, P. Barry Tomlinson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Palms lack secondary growth so their primary vascular system is long-lived and must be minimally vulnerable to dysfunction. For water movement, the axial xylem must be well defended against cavitation. Climbing palms can be very long and represent a maximum solution to transport problems. How is this demonstrated in their anatomy? This article contrasts stem vascular anatomy in a canelike "tree palm" (Rhapis excelsa) with that in the American climbing palm Desmoncus and the Old World rattan genus Calamus. Rhapis, representing the basic classical palm vasculature, has a continuously integrated vascular system determined by branching of the axial …
The Evolutionary And Biogeographic Origin And Diversification Of The Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales, W. John Kress, Chelsea D. Specht
The Evolutionary And Biogeographic Origin And Diversification Of The Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales, W. John Kress, Chelsea D. Specht
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Zingiberales are a primarily tropical lineage of monocots. The current pantropical distribution of the order suggests an historical Gondwanan distribution, however the evolutionary history of the group has never been analyzed in a temporal context to test if the order is old enough to attribute its current distribution to vicariance mediated by the break-up of the supercontinent. Based on a phylogeny derived from morphological and molecular characters, we develop a hypothesis for the spatial and temporal evolution of Zingiberales using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (DIVA) combined with a local molecular clock technique that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple gene loci with …
The History Of The Discovery And Initial Seed Dissemination Of Metasequoia Glyptostroboides, A "Living Fossil", Jinshuang Ma
The History Of The Discovery And Initial Seed Dissemination Of Metasequoia Glyptostroboides, A "Living Fossil", Jinshuang Ma
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Ever since the "living fossil ", Metasequoia glyptostroboides, was discovered during the 1940s in China, accounts of its mysterious discovery and introduction throughout the world have been told many times in different languages. However, information has often departed considerably from the true story. This paper represents a synthesis of more than 1000 original letters, manuscripts and publications both in Chinese and other languages, and addresses two main questions about details of the story: (1) how was the living fossil really discovered , and (2) who introduced the seeds into the U.S.A. and the rest of the world? Several controversies surrounding …
Genetic Control Of Self-Incompatibility In Centromadia (Hemizonia) Pungens Subsp. Laevis (Madiinae, Asteraceae), Elizabeth A. Friar, Tasha Ladoux
Genetic Control Of Self-Incompatibility In Centromadia (Hemizonia) Pungens Subsp. Laevis (Madiinae, Asteraceae), Elizabeth A. Friar, Tasha Ladoux
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The presence of self-incompatibility was tested in Centromadia pun gens subsp. laevis and the genetic basis of the self-incompatibility response was explored using crossing studies. We performed full diallel crossing experiments among 10 individuals from one natural population and four F1 families. We observed a strong self-incompatibility response in all individuals tested, with a significant difference in seed set between selfed and outcrossed matings. Most pairwise matings among parental plants were compatible, with some nonreciprocally incompatible matings (i.e., the matings were successful in one direction, but not the other), and only one reciprocally incompatible mating. The full diallel crossing …
Wood And Bark Anatomy Of Myricaceae: Relationships, Generic Definitions, And Ecological Interpretations, Sherwin Carlquist
Wood And Bark Anatomy Of Myricaceae: Relationships, Generic Definitions, And Ecological Interpretations, Sherwin Carlquist
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Wood anatomy of the single species of Canacomyrica (hitherto not studied) shows that it belongs in Myricaceae, although it differs from other genera in several respects (axial parenchyma grouped in bands or columns as well as diffuse; Heterogeneous Type I rays; more numerous bars per perforation plate). The latter two features are primitive for the family. The four genera (Canacomyrica. Comptonia, Morella, and Myrica s.s.) differ from each other not only by qualitative features but by quantitative features (feature means in genera mostly non- overl apping). Wood of Comptonia and Myri ca s.s. lacks chambered crystals in axial parenchyma and …
New Species Of Phoradendron (Viscaceae) From Mexico And Guatemala And A Synopsis Of Species In Section Pauciflorae, Delbert Wiens, Frank Hawksworth
New Species Of Phoradendron (Viscaceae) From Mexico And Guatemala And A Synopsis Of Species In Section Pauciflorae, Delbert Wiens, Frank Hawksworth
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
As presently interpreted Phoradendron section Paucifiorae consists of 15 species. These mistletoes parasitize primarily conifers. We describe seven new species, make status changes for four species, and provide information on the hosts and distribution of all members of the section. New species described are: Phoradendron abietinurn Wiens, on Abies durangensi s in Chihuahua, Durango, and Jalisco, Mexico; P. acuminatum Wiens, on Cupressus lusitanica in Guatemala; P. flavomarginatum Wiens, on Juniperus fiaccida in Nuevo León, Mexico; P. lta wksworthii Wiens, on Juniperus in New Mexico, west Texas, and Coahuila, Mexico; P. olivae Wiens, on Cupressus lusitanica in Colima and Jalisco, Mexico; …
Contents 21(2)
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
Checklist Of The Pteridophytes Of Aguascalientes, Mexico, María Elena Siqueiros-Delgado, Gabriel González-Adame
Checklist Of The Pteridophytes Of Aguascalientes, Mexico, María Elena Siqueiros-Delgado, Gabriel González-Adame
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Ferns and fern allies from Agu ascalientes, Mexico were s tudied. Fifty-five localities distributed in all municipios of the state were surveyed. Seventy-seven taxa were found: seventy species of ferns, five species of Selaginell, one species of Equisetum, and one species of Isoëtes. Forty taxa are new records for Aguascalientes. Among the ferns, Cheilanthes and Polypodium are the most diverse and abundant genera, usually occurring in xerophytic associations or dry forests. Selaginella is also common in Aguascalientes, and inhabits rocky cliffs in dry environments. Equisetum and lsoëtes are restricted to marshy places.
Developmental Failure And Loss Of Reproductive Capacity As A Factor In Extinction: A Nine-Year Study Of Dedeckera Eurekensis (Polygonaceae), Delbert Wiens, Loreen Allphin, Donald H. Mansfield, Glenn Thackray
Developmental Failure And Loss Of Reproductive Capacity As A Factor In Extinction: A Nine-Year Study Of Dedeckera Eurekensis (Polygonaceae), Delbert Wiens, Loreen Allphin, Donald H. Mansfield, Glenn Thackray
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Many long-lived perennial species exhibit lowered reproductive capacity. Early studies of reproductive success in Dedeckera eurekensis (Polygonaceae) demonstrated that the species exhibited extremely low reproductive success, low seed/ovule (S/O) ratios (i.e., the percentage of ovules that produce filled seeds; 2.5 %), low germinability of filled seeds (3.5%), low seedling survivorship (11 .1%), and lack of recruitment in natural populations. These results were attributed to genetic load, but this elicited controversy, prompting long-term studies of the relationship between the S/O ratio and environment. After nine years of monitoring, however, the S/O ratio had not changed significantly (2 .7%), and there was …
The Chromosome Number Of Schaffnerella Gracilis (Gramineae, Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez
The Chromosome Number Of Schaffnerella Gracilis (Gramineae, Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The first ever chromosome report for the monotypic genus Schaffnerella (Grarnineae, Chloridoideae) is 2n = 20 (10 II) from pollen parent cells at diakinesis, which indicates diploidy and a base number of 10. The close relative Lycurus likewise has x = 10, but is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40).
Structure Of The Pericarp In Some Amaranthus L. (Amaranthaceae) Species And Its Taxonomic Significance, Mihai Costea, Giles Waines, Andrew Sanders
Structure Of The Pericarp In Some Amaranthus L. (Amaranthaceae) Species And Its Taxonomic Significance, Mihai Costea, Giles Waines, Andrew Sanders
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
In order to determine their taxonomic significance, 10 pericarp structure characters were scored for 21 Amaranthus L. taxa. In many, pericarp patterns permit recognition of the taxa as species. Differences between cultivated taxa and their wild relatives offer new arguments against their taxonomic union. The relationships between other closely related taxa are also analyzed (A. quitensis and A. hybridus: A. bouchonii and A. powellii; A. hybridus and A. powellii; A. blitum and A. emarginatus). Mechanisms of dehiscence and terminology for the fruit of Amaranthus are considered.
Contents 20(1)
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.
New Records For The Vascular Flora Of The Santa Ana Mountains, California, Steve Boyd
New Records For The Vascular Flora Of The Santa Ana Mountains, California, Steve Boyd
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Documentation is provided for 23 taxa not included in other published floristic accounts of the Santa Ana Mountains. A representative voucher specimen and generalized distribution information are cited for each taxon.
Vascular Flora Of The Glass Mountain Region, Mono County, California, Michael A. Honer
Vascular Flora Of The Glass Mountain Region, Mono County, California, Michael A. Honer
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The purpose of this study is to document the vascular flora of the Glass Mountain region of Mono County, California. Little focused botanical attention has been given to this remote volcanic mountain range between the Sierra Nevada and White Mountains of eastern California. The majority of collecting in the area was done from the 1960s through 1998 by Dean W. Taylor, Mary DeDecker, and Jack Reveal, providing good documentation of a few scattered localities of the range. This study circumscribes a large area around the Glass Mountain range, and attempts to catalog the diversity of vascular plants with vouchered collections …
Seed Dispersal In Yucca Brevifolia (Agavaceae)-Present And Past, With Consideration Of The Future Of The Species, Lee W. Lenz
Seed Dispersal In Yucca Brevifolia (Agavaceae)-Present And Past, With Consideration Of The Future Of The Species, Lee W. Lenz
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Earlier descriptions of the fruit of Yucca brevifolia are reviewed. It is here shown that the fruit is a fleshy, sugar-rich berry that later becomes a hard, dry, spongy body. At no time are seeds released from the fruits without the exertion of an outside force. Various animals that might release seeds from the dry fruits are considered, as is wind that may disperse entire fruits. The question is introduced as to why Y. brevifolia Engelm. would expend large amounts of energy and resources to create a product for which there is no market. The appeal that the fruits may …
Fraxinus Parryi, Nom. Nov., Of Nw Baja California, Mexico, Reid Moran
Fraxinus Parryi, Nom. Nov., Of Nw Baja California, Mexico, Reid Moran
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The common ash of NW Baja California is usually called Fraxinus trifoliata, as in Wiggins' (1980) flora of Baja California. That name is a misspelling of F. trifoliolat, which is a later homonym of F. rriJoliolara W. W. Smith (1916). The Baja Californian ash is therefore renamed Fraxinus parryi. It has also been misidentified as F. jonesii. The common name is "crucecilla". This ash barely extends into San Diego County, California.
Systematics And Relationships Of Fallugia (Rosoideae—Rosaceae), James Henrickson
Systematics And Relationships Of Fallugia (Rosoideae—Rosaceae), James Henrickson
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
The paper presents a systematic monograph of Fallugia (Rosoideae, Rosaceae) consisting of one variable species, Fallugia paradoxa. Morphological, cytological and molecular data clearly support its relationship with Geums.l. rather than Purshia-Cowani, with which it is often allied. The species was named twice independently in 1825 from the specimens and drawings, respectively, assembled by Sessé and Mociño for their proposed Flora Mexicana. The paper discusses the nomenclatural history, morphological variation, and the polygarno-dioecious mode of reproduction of the species. No infraspecific taxa are recognized.
Experimental Hybridization Of Northern Chihuahuan Desert Region Opuntia (Cactaceae), M. Patrick Griffith
Experimental Hybridization Of Northern Chihuahuan Desert Region Opuntia (Cactaceae), M. Patrick Griffith
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
Possible natural hybridization among 11 taxa of Opuntia sensu stricto was investigated in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region through the use of experimental hybridization. Established plants representing specific taxa growing in the Sul Ross State University Opuntia garden were used for all experiments. Reciprocal crosses were made between putative parental taxa of field-observed putative hybrids, and each experimental cross analyzed for fruit and seed set. For each taxon, tests were performed to control for possible apomictic, autogamous, and geitonogamous seed set. Several experimental crosses were found to set seed in amounts expected for natural pollination events. Data gathered from the …
Schaffnerella Rediscovered! (Gramineae, Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Hester L. Bell, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa, M. Patrick Griffith, J. Mark Porter
Schaffnerella Rediscovered! (Gramineae, Chloridoideae), J. Travis Columbus, Hester L. Bell, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa, M. Patrick Griffith, J. Mark Porter
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
From 1876 to 1880 in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, J. G. Schaffner made the first collections of a small grass that later was named Schaffnerella gracilis (Chloridoideae). The monotypic genus apparently was not encountered again by botanists until 2001, when, during a targeted search, we discovered it in the Sierra de San Miguelito growing along the Río Potosino, ca. 6 air km southwest of the city of San Luis Potosí. Most of the 100-150 plants encountered along a 3-km stretch of the Río Potosino above the village of Escalerillas and reservoir EI Potosino were growing in a moist alluvium of …
Contents 20(2)
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
No abstract provided.