Agricultural Science Commons^™

Fate Of Turkey Spermatozoa After Intrainfundibular And Intramagnal Inseminations, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

About 92% of the spermatozoa recovered after intrainfundibular inseminations of turkey hens were in the infundibulum and 6% in the magnal segments 24 h later. Of the spermatozoa recovered after intramagnal inseminations, about 67% were in the infundibulum, 26% in the magnal segments, and a total of about 8% in the isthmus, uterus, and vagina. It is suggested that spermatozoa in the infundibulum and magnum are not transported in significant numbers in an abovarian direction.

Physiology Of Male Reproduction, R. P. Amann, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The major advances over the past 25 yr in male reproductive physiology of cattle, sheep, swine and horses are reviewed. Those findings which have allowed efficient culling of subfertile males and exploitation of the reproductive capacity of genetically superior sires are emphasized.

Hormones secreted by the male gonad early in gestation induce regression of potentially female structures and development of the male reproductive tract. Compartmentalization of the testis and formation of the bloodtestis barrier during prepubertal development permit the steroidogenic and gametogenic activities of the adult testes to proceed normally. The role of the central nervous system, hypothalamus and anterior …

Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion In The Castrate Male Bovine: Effects Of Testosterone Or Estradiol Replacement Therapy, B. D. Schanbacher, M. J. D'Occhio, T. W. Gettys

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory profiles have been determined for the male bovine following castration and steroid replacement therapy. Serum LH concentrations increased approximately threefold during the first week following castration and thereafter remained elevated (6.6 ± .7 ng/ml). Castrates not receiving steroid replacement showed a rhythmic pattern of LH release that was of high frequency (mean pulse interval; 85 ± 5 min) and high amplitude (mean peak concentration, 11.2 ± 1.4 ng/ml). Chronic administration of estradiol-17β via subdermal Silastic implants reduced mean serum LH concentrations (2.1 ± .3 ng/ml) and blocked the pulsatile pattern of LH release in all steers. …

Reproductive Effects Of Immunizing Heifers Against Androstenedione And Oestradiol-17Β, T. H. Wise, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heifers were treated with saline (Group I, N = 10), keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH ; Group II, N = 10), androstenedione-KLH antigen (Group III, N = 14), or oestradiol-17β-KLH antigen (Group IV, N = 14). Booster injections were given to produce binding of > 10% at dilutions of 1:100 to 1:1000 (50% binding = 14·4pg androstenedione and 9·5pg oestradiol). The heifers were mated and killed at ~46days of gestation to establish ovulation rates, calf numbers, blood hormone relationships and ovarian morphology.

Ovulation rate in animals immunized against androstenedione (Group III) was significantly greater than in the other groups; 4 of the …

Semiautomated X-Y-Plotter-Based Method For Measuring Root Lengths, Wallace Wilhelm, J. M. Norman, R. L. Newell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Root-length measurements are an important aspect of many agronomic research programs. Several automated systems have been reported which use modifications of the line-intersect technique to estimate root length; however, most of these systems are very costly. This paper describes an inexpensive automated system using a modified line-intersect technique to estimate root length. An X-Y plotter was used to move a light sensor in a grid pattern through the projected photographic image of a root system, recording intersections with an event counter. Compared to manual counting using the Line-intersect technique, the system described accurately estimated root length of samples up to …

Semiautomated X-Y-Plotter-Based Method For Measuring Root Lengths, Wallace Wilhelm, J. M. Norman, R. L. Newell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Root-length measurements are an important aspect of many agronomic research programs. Several automated systems have been reported which use modifications of the line-intersect technique to estimate root length; however, most of these systems are very costly. This paper describes an inexpensive automated system using a modified line-intersect technique to estimate root length. An X-Y plotter was used to move a light sensor in a grid pattern through the projected photographic image of a root system, recording intersections with an event counter. Compared to manual counting using the Line-intersect technique, the system described accurately estimated root length of samples up to …

Vol. 6 No. 1 (1982): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Vol. 6 No. 1 (1982): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Books Received And Book Notices, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Book Listing for the Vol 6, No 1 Fall Edition of the Pacific Studies Journal

Ord River Irrigation Area Of Western Australia - Background Information For Prospective Farmers, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

The Ord Irrigation Project is located in the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley in the far north of the State of Western Australia.

The potential for harnessing northern rivers was realised many years ago. In 1941, a small experimental farm was established on the Ord, and possible dam sites were investigated upstream.

In 1945, this small experimental farm was relocated and the Kimberley Research Station was established on Ivanhoe Plain, part of the 12,000 hectare area now irrigated from Lake Kununurra above the Diversion Dam.

By 1958, the Western Australian Government was convinced of the viability of an irrigation scheme on …

Proceedings Of The 9th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (April 14-15, 1982, Ft. Walton Beach, Florida): Better Yield, Higher Quality = Greater Profit, Walter J. Walla, Wayne Winner, H. Jack Walters, Jerry Berggren, J. Dan Smith

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

1982 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Officers

1982 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Program Committee

Committee Chairmen

General session

Presidential address. Walter Walla

Role of American Soybean Association in Soybean Production. KL. Bader

Agricultural Chemistry World Wide. D Wolf

Soybean disease management. W Winner presiding

Soybean Disease Loss Estimate. E Koldenhoven

Disease Management Panel Discussion: The Consultant and Soybean Disease Control. R Carver

Disease Management: Chemical Industries' Point of View. HL McMenemy

Management Tactics for Soybean Diseases. DP Schmitt

Farmer and Soybean Disease Control. J Andries

Soybean nematodes. J Arnett presiding

Standardized Nematicide Research Report. A Wrather

Nematode Parasites …

Leopold Pospisil's Review Of Alex Steensberg's New Guinea Gardens: A Study Of Husbandry With Parallels In Prehistoric Europe, Leopold Pospisil

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Root Development Of Winter Wheat As Related To Tillage Practice In Western Nebraska, Wallace Wilhelm, L. N. Mielke, Charles R. Fenster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Tillage practices can influence crop root development. Root distributions were determined for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a wheat-fallow rotation during the 1977-1978 winter wheat crop year on an Alliance silt loam (Aridic Argiustoll). The fallow tillage treatments were plow, subtillage, and chemical (no tillage). Each tillage treatment was split into subplots for N application of 0 or 45 kg/ha.

Rooting density was determined by washing the roots in soil cores 7.6 cm in diam by 15 cm long extracted to depths of 90, 105, and 120 cm on 28 Mar., 2 May, and 8 June 1978, respectively. …

Utilization Of The Intact Male For Red Meat Production: A Review, S. C. Seideman, H. R. Cross, R. R. Oltjen, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Castration has long been a traditional practice in the United States. Research studies indicate that intact males grow more rapidly, utilize feed more efficiently and produce a higher-yielding carcass with less fat and more edible product. The disadvantages of the intact male include aggressive behavior (bull and boar); undesirable odors and flavors (boar and ram); lower quality grade (bull); lower meat tenderness (bull and ram) and undesirable meat color (bull and ram). Research is needed to develop antemortem and(or) postmortem handling procedures that offset the disadvantages of the intact male so that the meat and livestock industry can take advantage …

Effects Of Contrasting Photoperiods And Temperatures On Performance Traits Of Confinement-Reared Ewe Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, G. L. Hahn, J. A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of contrasting photoperiods (16L:8D vs 8L: 16D) and ambient temperatures (5 C vs 18 C vs 31 C) on performance traits of ewe lambs have been evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were paired and allotted to one of six treatment groups in a 2 • 3 factorial experiment. The lambs were fed a pelleted diet ad libitum. throughout the 14-wk study (i.e., as Iambs progressed from 12 to 26 wk of age). "Analysis of performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and temperature affected growth rate (P.05) by treatment. Whereas serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in lambs exposed to …

Uterine Blood Flow And Uterine Arterial, Venous And Luminal Concentrations Of Oestrogens On Days 11, 13 And 15 After Oestrus In Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Sows, S. P. Ford, R. K. Christensen, J. J. Ford

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Concentrations of oestradiol-17β and oestrone were measured in the uterine arterial and venous blood of anaesthetized sows on Days 11, 13 or 15 of the oestrous cycle or of pregnancy. Uterine arterial blood flow and the amounts of oestradiol-17β and oestrone in uterine flushings were determined in the same animals. In pregnant animals arterial and venous concentrations were significantly different (P < 0·05) for oestradiol-17β on Days 11 and 13 and for oestrone on Day 15. Uterine content of both steroids was consistently greater in pregnant than in non-pregnant animals with a peak on Day 13. Uterine arterial blood flow increased from Day 11 to 13 of pregnancy then declined (P < 0·08)by Day 15; no change in uterine blood flow occurred on the corresponding days of the oestrous cycle.

Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone And Testosterone In Ovarian Vein Plasma And Androstenedione In Peripheral Arterial Plasma During The Bovine Oestrous Cycle, T. H. Wise, D. Caton, W. W. Thatcher, A. Rami Lehrer, M. J. Fields

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Catheters were placed in the carotid artery via a facial artery (n = 12) and in the ovarian vein (n = 12), and, in conjunction, electromagnetic flow meters were placed around the ovarian artery (n = 6) in cyclic beef cows. Androstenedione was quantitatively the highest and dehydroepiandrosterone the lowest of the ovarian androgens measured. Ovarian androgens were correlated positively with each other (P < 0·05)but not with ovarian blood flow or day of the cycle. There was a trend for spikes of androgen release (ovarian vein concentration × ovarian blood flow) from the ovary to be greatest during the period of decreasing progesterone and CL regression. However, only with testosterone were spikes of release different (Days -13 to -9 < Days -8 to -4;P < 0·05;Day 0 = oestrus). The dynamic changes in ovarian androgens noted in this study were compatible with the concept of continuous follicular development and atresia throughout the oestrous cycle.

Hormonal Interrelationships Between Hypothalamus, Pituitary And Testis Of Rams And Bulls, Bruce D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This mini-review aims to summarize some of our recent findings relating to testicular function and feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by testicular steroids in rams and bulls. Testosterone secretion in intact males is not tonic, but is characterized by episodic pulses. This pattern of secretion is dictated by inputs of the central nervous system via secretions of the hypothalamus (luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone; LHRH) and anterior pituitary (luteinizing hormone; LH). A temporal relationship exists between concentrations of LH and testosterone in serum and evidence is presented that strongly suggests that their episodic secretion is dependent on discrete episodes of …

Steroidal Control Of Gonadotrophin Secretion In The Orchidectomized Dog, M. Winter, J. Pirmann, R. E. Falvo, B. D. Schanbacher, J. Miller

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of s.c. administration of oil, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-dioland oestradiol-17β on plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were determined in 5 orchidectomized dogs. The dosages for the androgens and oestradiol-17β were 500 and 50 μg/kg body weight, respectively. Testosterone and oestradiol-17β significantly reduced plasma gonadotrophin concentrations, although the onset and duration of their suppressive effects differed. Dihydrotestosterone and oil had no effect on either gonadotrophin. Administration of androstanediol had no effect on plasma concentrations of LH but did cause a temporary and significant reduction in FSH. It is concluded that testosterone and oestradiol-17β are major regulators of gonadotrophin secretion …

Root Development Of Winter Wheat As Related To Tillage Practice In Western Nebraska, Wallace Wilhelm, L. N. Mielke, C. R. Fenster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Tillage practices can influence crop root development. Root distributions were determined for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a wheat-fallow rotation during the 1977-1978 winter wheat crop year on an Alliance silt loam (Aridic Argiustoll). The fallow tillage treatments were plow, subtillage, and chemical (no tillage). Each tillage treatment was split into subplots for N application of 0 or 45 kg/ha.

Rooting density was determined by washing the roots in soil cores 7.6 cm in diam by 15 cm long extracted to depths of 90, 105, and 120 cm on 28 Mar., 2 May, and 8 June 1978, respectively. …

Influence Of The Termite Macrotermes Michaelseni (Sjöst) On Soil Fertility And Vegetation In A Semi-Arid Savannah Ecosystem, M. A. Arshad

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The growth and species structure of vegetation in relation to the proximity of termite (M. michaelseni) mounds was studied in a semi-arid savannah ecosystem during 1978-1980. The dry matter yield in the termite-modified area at 1-10 m distance from mounds was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that in the area beyond 22 m which is relatively unaffected by the termites. Themeda triandra and Digitaria scalarum, dominant grass species of the area, were totally absent in the 1-10 m zone around the mound. The major species in the immediate vicinity of the mound were Pennisetum stramineum and Cynodon dactylon, the latter was a dominant species (over 90%) within the 0-10 m zone and entirely absent beyond 15 m from the mound. The number of grass species increased from 2-3 species around the mound to 6-7 species in the area apparently beyond the influence of the mound. High concentration of nutrients and favourable water availability, together with good drainage, appeared to be the major causes of increased biomass and different species composition of vegetation around the mound. © 1982.

Evaluation Of S-734 And Bas 9052 For Control Of Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense) In Soybeans (Glycine Max), Julio Beingolea Ochoa

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Johnsongrass is one of the more limiting factors in soybean production and is the most serious weed problem in the Southeastern United States. Actually, different herbicides are used in johnsongrass control, and still there are new herbicides which are being tested. Two experimental herbicides for johnsongrass control in soybeans are BAS 9052 and S-734.

The experiments were conducted in 1980 and 1981 with the objective to evaluate the effectiveness of S-734 alone and in combination with mefluidide and BAS 9052, BAS 9052 applied early or late postemergence, trifluralin, alachlor, and fluchloralin for seedling and rhizome johnsongrass control.

In both areas …

Ord River Irrigation Area Of Western Australia, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

The Ord Irrigation Project is located in the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley in the far north of the State of Western Australia.

The potential for harnessing northern rivers was realised many years ago. In 1941, a small experimental farm was established on the Ord, and possible dam sites were investigated upstream.

In 1945, this small experimental farm was relocated and the Kimberley Research Station was established on Ivanhoe Plain, part of the 12,000 hectare area now irrigated from Lake Kununurra above the Diversion Dam.

By 1958, the Western Australian Government was convinced of the viability of an irrigation scheme on …

An X-Y-Plotter-Based Technique For Measuring Root Length, Wallace Wilhelm, J. M. Norman, J. R. Ellis, R. L. Newell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Several automated systems have bee reported which use modifications of the line-intersect method to accurately estimate root length; however, most of these systems are relatively expensive to construct. The system described here employs an X-Y plotter, a 2 x 2 slide projector, and a fiber optic photodiode to determine intersections between projected images of a root system and grid pattern traced by the light sensor, which is mounted in the pen of the X-Y plotter. With adequate shielding to eliminate false counts, the system reproduced manual counts (r²=0.9999) for white sewing thread, carpet thread, and 0.14-mm-diam. wire. When …

Influence Of Crop Residue Removal On Yields Of Corn, Sorghum, And Soybeans With No Tillage, J. W. Doran

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

For 3 years, yields were significantly influenced by amount of crop residue on the soil surface. Where surface crop residues were completely removed, average yields of corn, sorghum, and soybeans were 24, 6, and 27% lower than where residues were not removed. Removal of 50% surface crop residues had little or no effect on yields. Yield reductions were directly related to higher soil and plant canopy temperatures and lower soil water contents where surface crop residues were removed.

Nutritive Evaluation Of Warm-Season Grasses In Connecticut, R.W. Taylor, D.W. Allinson

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Study For A Beaver Reservoir Agricultural Water Supply Volume I, James Ferguson, Robert Shulstad, William Bateman

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

An irrigation district of approximately 30,000 acres has been proposed to be located in Washington and Benton Counties in Northwest Arkansas utilizing water from Beaver Reservior. This report on the economic benefits of such a district is done under contract No. DACW03-81-C for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by the Water Resources Research Center at the University of Arkansas.

Feasibility Study For A Beaver Reservoir Agricultural Water Supply Volume Ii, James Ferguson, Robert Shulstad, William Bateman

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

An irrigation district of approximately 30,000 acres has been proposed to be located in Washington and Benton Counties in Northwest Arkansas utilizing water from Beaver Reservior. This report on the economic benefits of such a district is done under contr

Ord River Irrigation Area - Potential For A Sugar Cane Industry In Western Australia, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

The Ord River Irrigation Area is in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, 3,200 kms from Perth, the State’s Capital City.

The area is located in the arid tropics with a climate suitable for high plant growth rates provided water supply is adequate.

With only 12,000 ha of land developed out of a potential 72,000 ha of clay soils the area has the potential for further development of a major irrigated agricultural enterprise.

The Ord River Irrigation Project has been developed for commercial agriculture following the construction of a diversion dam in 1963, and a major dam in 1974, The …

Sperm Recovery From Oviducts Of Turkeys At Known Intervals After Insemination And Oviposition, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

To determine whether there is a relationship between oviposition time and the release of spermatozoa from the uterovaginal junction-sperm-host glands (UVJ-SHG),oviducal segments from turkey hens were isolated and washed immediately or 8-12 and 18-22h after oviposition on Days 1, 2, 3 and 10-13 after artificial insemination. Spermatozoa were found in nearly all segments at all times examined, indicating that sperm release from the UVJ-SHG of the turkey is probably continuous or episodic and not exclusively associated with oviposition and ovulation. Alternatively, spermatozoa may be released at specific times of the daily ovulatory cycle and ascend variable distances between the UVJ …