Agricultural Science Commons^™

Potential For Escape Of Live Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Into Cottonseed, Motes, And Cleaned Lint At The Cotton Gin, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, Roy V. Baker

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Reintroductions of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, into areas of the United States where it has been eradicated or suppressed are very expensive to mitigate. There is concern that a cotton gin in an eradication zone may serve as a site of boll weevil reintroductions when processing cotton harvested in a neighboring infested zone. Similarly, there is a question whether weevil-free areas can safely import gin products, such as cottonseed and baled lint, from infested areas without risking an introduction. Many countries require fumigation of imported U.S. cotton bales to protect against boll weevil introductions, costing the U.S. …

Case Study: Effects Of Delaying Implant And Programmed Rate Of Gain On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Beef Steers, G. Scaglia, L. W. Greene, F. T. Mccollum, N. A. Cole, T. H. Montgomery

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Ninety-six steers (average BW = 335 ± 36 kg) were allotted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were 1) implant on d 1 or no implant and 2) ad libitum access to feed on d 1 or programmed-fed for a target BW gain of 1.4 kg/d during the first 62 d of the feeding period. On d 63, all steers were implanted with Revalor-S^® (Hoechst Roussel Vet, Overland Park, KS) and provided ad libitum access to feed until harvest. From d 63 to 116, ADG and gain efficiency (g gain/kg …

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Feedlot Steers: Effects Of Delayed Implanting And Programmed Feeding During The Growing Period, G. Scaglia, L. W. Greene, F. T. Mccollum Iii, N. A. Cole, T. H. Montgomery

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of programming the rate of gain and delaying the first implant in feedlot steers on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Ninety-six growing steers (269 ± 16.2 kg) were assigned to 12 pens in a completely randomized design. Treatments were implant (Synovex-S^®; 20 mg estradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone; Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) on d 1 or no implant and programmed feeding to gain at a slow (0.68 kg/d) or fast (1.14 kg/d) rate during the growing period; these treatments were randomly assigned (n = 8) to …

Somatic Mutation-Mediated Evolution Of Herbicide Resistance In The Nonindigenous Invasive Plant Hydrilla (Hydrilla Verticillata) And Franck E. Dayan, Albrecht Michel, R. S. Arias, Brian E. Scheffler, Stephen O. Duke, Michael Netherland, Franck E. Dayan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle) was introduced to the surface water of Florida in the 1950s and is today one of the most serious aquatic weed problems in the USA. As a result of concerns associated with the applications of pesticides to aquatic systems, fluridone is the only USEPA-approved chemical that provides systemic control of hydrilla. After a decrease in fluridone’s efficacy at controlling hydrilla, 200 Florida water bodies were sampled to determine the extent of the problem and the biological basis for the reduced efficacy. Our studies revealed that hydrilla phenotypes with two- to six-fold higher fluridone resistance …

Registration Of Three Partial Waxy Winter Wheats, Robert A. Graybosch, P. Stephen Baenziger

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

96MD7413-58 (Reg. no. GP-773, PI 617069), 96MD7413-36 (Reg. no. GP-774, PI 617070), and 96MD7110-71 (Reg. no. GP-775, PI 617071) partial waxy (reduced amylose) hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines were released by the ARS, USDA, and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in November 2002.

These partial waxy wheats carry non-functional (null) alleles (Wx-A1b and Wx-B1b) at two of the three hexaploid wheat Wx loci. These loci encode isoforms of the enzyme granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC 2.4.1.21), also known as the “waxy” protein. Wheats with nonfunctional alleles at two loci are known as “double-nulls.” Double-null …

Putting Genes Into Genetic Coefficients, P. Stephen Baenziger, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Wallace Wilhelm, Albert Weiss

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant parameters are critical inputs in crop simulation models and allow a general set of algorithms to represent features of specific cultivars. A subset of plant parameters is often referred to as "genetic coefficients". However, these genetic coefficients are developed from phenotypic observations, usually have a weak genetic basis, and are at best "genotypic" coefficients because they consider the genotype from a very integrative perspective and likely include some impact of environment on the trait or characteristic described. With increased understanding of crop genomes, we believe models can be improved by incorporating genetic coefficients that accurately describe the action of …

Structural Attributes Of Schizachyrium Scoparium In Restored Texas Blackland Prairies, Justin D. Derner, H. Wayne Polley, Hyrum B. Johnson, Charles R. Tischler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Structural attributes of the C₄, perennial bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium in restored prairies may be affected by the time since restoration. One hundred plants each in 8-, 17-, and 23-year-old restored prairies and a native Texas Blackland prairie were assessed for the presence/absence and diameter of a hollow crown (i.e., dead center portion), degree of fragmentation, plant height, and tiller density.

Potential For Transport Of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) To The Cotton Gin Within Cotton Modules, Thomas W. Sappington, Alan D. Brashears, Megha N. Parajulee, Stanley C. Carroll, Mark D. Arnold, John W. Norman Jr., Allen E. Knutson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

There is concern that cotton gins located in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, eradication zones serving customers in adjacent infested zones may serve as a site for boll weevil reintroductions if weevils are transported alive inside cotton modules. We surveyed fields in three distinct areas of Texas and found that weevils can be present in large numbers in cotton fields that have been defoliated and desiccated in preparation for harvest, both as free adults and as immatures inside unopened bolls. Harvested cotton taken from module builders indicated that ∞100-3,700 adult boll weevils were packed inside modules constructed at the …

Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In The Gallbladders Of Experimentally Infected Calves, William C. Stoffregen, Joachim F. L. Pohlenz, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fifteen weaned calves (age 89–141 days) were treated with dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, IV) for 3 days before, the day of, and the day after inoculation with 10 colony-forming units of either Escherichia coli O157:H7 (strain 86-24, which produces Shiga toxin 2 and intimin; n=13) or nonpathogenic E. coli (strain 123, which does not produce Shiga toxin or intimin; n=2). All calves were necropsied 4 days after inoculation. Histologic lesions of attaching and effacing bacteria were observed in the large intestine (12/13) and in the gallbladder mucosa (5/13) of calves inoculated with E. coli 86-24. Cholecystitis was present in 12 of …

Cytokinin-Induced Metabolic Redirection, Uyen Bao, Gautam Sarath

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Cytokinins are key triggers for the growth and differentiation of plant cells. We have generated a transgenic line of Arabidopsis that carries a rice hemoglobin promoter fused to GUS. Earlier research has indicated that this promoter is very responsive to cytokinins. We are utilizing this line to understand the global and local responses of gene-expression to exogenously applied cytokinins. In addition, we have cloned and have started to characterize two gene products of as yet unknown functions that are dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated in response to cytokinins. Data from microarray analyses will be discussed in relation to potential metabolic redirection …

Determination Of Dimethylselenide And Dimethyldiselenide By Gas Chromatography–Photoionization Detection, William J. Hunter, L. David Kuykendall

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A simple method for the determination of volatile selenium compounds employing a gas chromatograph equipped with a photoionization detector is described. The method involves the direct injection of dimethylselenide (DMS) or dimethyldiselenide (DMDS) into the gas chromatograph; no derivatization of the sample was required. The photoionization detector was capable of detecting 60 pg (0.55 pmol) of DMS and 150 pg (0.80 pmol) DMDS. Sensitivity was 10–50 times greater with DMS and 4–20 times greater with DMDS when the photoionization detector was employed than when the flame ionization detector was employed.

Detection And Characterization Of Amitraz Resistance In The Southern Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), Andrew Y. Li, Ronald B. Davey, Robert J. Miller, John E. George

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Amitraz, a formamidine acaricide, plays an important role in the control of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), and other tick species that infest cattle, dogs, and wild animals. Although resistance to amitraz in B. microplus was previously reported in several countries, the actual measurement of the level of amitraz resistance in ticks has been difficult to determine due to the lack of a proper bioassay technique. We conducted a survey, by using a newly reported technique that was a modification of the standard Food and Agriculture Organization larval packet test, to measure the levels of resistance to amitraz …

Predicting Phenological Development In Winter Wheat, Qingwu Xue, Albert Weiss, P. Stephen Baenziger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Accurate prediction of phenological development is important in the winter wheat Triticum aestivum agroecosystem. From a practical perspective, applications of pesticides and fertilizers are carried out at specific phenological stages. In crop-simulation modeling, the prediction of yield components (kernel number and kernel weight) and wheat-grain yield relies on accurate prediction of phenology. In this study, a nonlinear multiplicative model by Wang & Engel (WE) for predicting phenological development in differing winter wheat cultivars was evaluated using data from a 3 yr field experiment. In the vegetative phase (emergence to anthesis) the daily development rate (r) was simulated based on the …

Field Evaluation Of Herbicides On Vegetables, Small Fruit, And Ornamental Crops 2003, Ronald E. Talbert, Brian V. Ottis, Mayank S. Malik, Andrew T. Ellis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Herbicide evaluation studies on vegetables, small fruit, and ornamental crops were conducted in 2003 at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in Fayetteville, Ark., and the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, Ark., in an effort to evaluate new herbicides, herbicide mixtures, and their application timings for weed control efficacy and crop tolerance. Results of these studies, in part, provide useful information to producers, fellow researchers, the Crop Protection Industry, and the IR-4 Minor Crop Pest Management Program in the development of potential new herbicide uses in vegetable, fruit, and ornamental production.

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2003, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the State and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers.

Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Sixteen sweet corn cultivars including standard and modified supersweets were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Ag. Center, Wanatah, IN. Yield and ear quality characteristics are reported.

Jalapeño And Banana Pepper Cultivar Trials In Northern Indiana, 2003, Mario R. Morales, Elizabeth T. Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

This article reports on the evaluation of standard and new experimental cultivars of jalapeno and banana peppers. Yield, fruit size, and plant size are reported.

Grape Tomato Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Four grape tomato varieties were evaluated in a replicated trial at the Pinney-Purdue Agricultural Center in Wanatah, Indiana. A fifth grape variety and one cherry variety were observed in unreplicated plots. Yield, plant, and fruit characteristics are reported.

Jalapeño Pepper Cultivar Observation In Northern Indiana, 2003, Mario R. Morales, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

This article reports on an observation trial of standard Jalapeño cultivars. Yield, fruit size, and plant size are reported.

Pumpkin Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Pumpkin varieties and experimental lines were evaluated at the Kurtz Farm in Allen County, Indiana. Twenty-two jack-o-lantern types, 4 pie types, and 4 mini-pumpkins were included in the trial. Yield and fruit characteristics are reported.

Muskmelon Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Muskmelon varieties were evaluated at Garwood Orchards in LaPorte County. Six experimental hybrids were compared to the cultivar Vienna. Yield and fruit characteristics are reported.

Sugar-Enhanced Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Twenty-two sweet corn cultivars including homozygous se, heterozygous se, and mixed se and sh2 genetics were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Ag Center, Wanatah, IN. Yield and ear quality characteristics are reported.

Jalapeño And Banana Pepper Cultivar Trials In Northern Indiana, 2003, Mario R. Morales, Elizabeth T. Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

This article reports on the evaluation of standard and new experimental cultivars of jalapeno and banana peppers. Yield, fruit size, and plant size are reported.

Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Sixteen sweet corn cultivars including standard and modified supersweets were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Ag. Center, Wanatah, IN. Yield and ear quality characteristics are reported.

Muskmelon Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Muskmelon varieties were evaluated at Garwood Orchards in LaPorte County. Six experimental hybrids were compared to the cultivar Vienna. Yield and fruit characteristics are reported.

Sugar-Enhanced Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Twenty-two sweet corn cultivars including homozygous se, heterozygous se, and mixed se and sh2 genetics were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Ag Center, Wanatah, IN. Yield and ear quality characteristics are reported.

Pumpkin Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Pumpkin varieties and experimental lines were evaluated at the Kurtz Farm in Allen County, Indiana. Twenty-two jack-o-lantern types, 4 pie types, and 4 mini-pumpkins were included in the trial. Yield and fruit characteristics are reported.

Jalapeño Pepper Cultivar Observation In Northern Indiana, 2003, Mario R. Morales, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

This article reports on an observation trial of standard Jalapeño cultivars. Yield, fruit size, and plant size are reported.

Grape Tomato Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2003, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Four grape tomato varieties were evaluated in a replicated trial at the Pinney-Purdue Agricultural Center in Wanatah, Indiana. A fifth grape variety and one cherry variety were observed in unreplicated plots. Yield, plant, and fruit characteristics are reported.

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2003, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.