Agricultural Science Commons^™

Prospects For Biological Control Of Teasels, Dipsacus Spp., A New Target In The United States, Brian G. Rector, Vili Harizanova, René Sforza, Tim Widmer, Robert N. Wiedenmann

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Two closely related teasels (Dipsacales: Dipsacaceae, Dipsacus spp.) of European origin have become invasive weeds in the United States. Common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.) and cutleaf teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus L.) have likely been in North America for more than two centuries, having been introduced along with cultivated teasel [D. sativus (L.) Honckney], an obsolete crop plant. There are few records of American insects or pathogens attacking Dipsacus spp. Invasive teasels have recently begun to spread rapidly throughout much of their current range, for reasons that are not yet known. Common and/or cut-leaf teasel have been listed as …

Rna Polymerase Ii Gene (Rpb2) Encoding The Second Largest Protein Subunit In Phaeosphaeria Nodorum And P. Avenaria, Arkadiusz Malkus, Pi-Fang Linda Chang, Sabina M. Zuzga, Kuang-Ren Chung, Jonathan Shao, Barry M. Cunfer, Edward Arseniuk, Peter P. Ueng

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A 5586 bp sequence (accession no. DQ278491), which includes the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) encoding the second largest protein subunit (RPB2), was obtained from the wheat biotype Phaeosphaeria nodorum (PN-w) by PCR amplification. The 3841 bp full length RPB2 gene contains two exons and a 52 bp intron, and encodes a complete 1262 amino acid protein. Similar to the C-terminals of the b subunits of prokaryotes and yeast RNA polymerases, the deduced RPB2 protein contained many structural features needed for gene transcription. Based on the phylogenetic analysis with the deduced RPB2 polypeptide sequences, the PN-w was closely related to …

Movements Of House Sparrows Captured At An Experimental Grain Station In Fargo, North Dakota, Lisa M. Montplaisir, George M. Linz, Debra Tomanek, Linda B. Penry, David L. Bergman, H. Jeffrey Homan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

From 2 August through 1 October 1993 we banded and leg flagged 362 house sparrows (126 adults, 236 juveniles) captured in a decoy trap at an experimental grain station on the campus of North Dakota State University, Fargo (NDSU). We documented sightings of leg-flagged birds between 3 August 1993 and 14 December 1994. Over this period, 56 (66%) of the total 76 observations of leg-flagged birds were on the NDSU campus; 21 (28%) of the 76 observations occurred between March and December 1994, a minimum of 5 months after the leg flags were attached and following the 1993-1994 winter. Of …

Increasing Co2 From Subambient To Elevated Concentrations Increases Grassland Respiration Per Unit Of Net Carbon Fixation, H. Wayne Polley, Patricia C. Meilnick, William A. Dugas, Hyrum B. Johnson, Joaquin Sanabria

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Respiration (carbon efflux) by terrestrial ecosystems is a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle, but the response of C efflux to atmospheric CO₂ enrichment remains uncertain. Respiration may respond directly to an increase in the availability of C substrates at high CO₂, but also may be affected indirectly by a CO₂-mediated alteration in the amount by which respiration changes per unit of change in temperature or C uptake (sensitivity of respiration to temperature or C uptake).

Aboveground Productivity And Root–Shoot Allocation Diver Between Native And Introduced Grass Species, Brian J. Wilsey, H. Wayne Polley

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant species in grasslands are often separated into groups (C₄ and C₃ grasses, and forbs) with presumed links to ecosystem functioning. Each of these in turn can be separated into native and introduced (i.e., exotic) species. Although numerous studies have compared plant traits between the traditional groups of grasses and forbs, fewer have compared native versus introduced species. Introduced grass species, which were often introduced to prevent erosion or to improve grazing opportunities, have become common or even dominant species in grasslands. By virtue of their abundances, introduced species may alter ecosystems if they differ from natives in …

Partitioning Of Evapotranspiration And Its Relation To Carbon Dioxide Exchange In A Chihuahuan Desert Shrubland, Russell L. Scott, Travis E. Huxman, William L. Cable, William E. Emmerich

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Key to evaluating the consequences of woody plant encroachment on water and carbon cycling in semiarid ecosystems is a mechanistic understanding of how biological and non-biological processes influence water loss to the atmosphere. To better understand how precipitation is partitioned into the components of evapotranspiration (bare-soil evaporation and plant transpiration) and their relationship to plant uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as well as ecosystem respiratory efflux, we measured whole plant transpiration, evapotranspiration, and CO₂ fluxes over the course of a growing season at a semiarid Chihuahuan Desert shrubland site in south-eastern Arizona. Whole plant transpiration was measured …

Sediment Transport Model For Seepage Erosion Of Streambank Sediment, G. A. Fox, G. V. Wilson, R. K. Periketi, R. F. Cullum

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Erosion by lateral, subsurface flow is known to erode streambank sediment in numerous geographical locations; however, the role of seepage erosion on mass failure of streambanks is not well understood. In the absence of an established sediment transport model for seepage erosion, the objectives of this research were to investigate the mechanisms of erosion due to concentrated, lateral subsurface flow and develop an empirical sediment transport model for seepage erosion of noncohesive sediment on near-vertical streambanks. Laboratory experiments were performed using a two-dimensional soil lysimeter of a reconstructed streambank profile packed with three different soil layers to mimic seepage erosion …

Slow Ligand Binding Kinetics Dominate Ferrous Hexacoordinate Hemoglobin Reactivities And Reveal Differences Between Plants And Other Species, Benoit J. Smagghe, Gautam Sarath, Emily Ross, Jean-Louis Hilbert, Mark S. Hargrove

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Hexacoordinate hemoglobins are found in many living organisms ranging from prokaryotes to plants and animals. They are named “hexacoordinate” because of reversible coordination of the heme iron by a histidine side chain located in the heme pocket. This endogenous coordination competes with exogenous ligand binding and causes multiphasic relaxation time courses following rapid mixing or flash photolysis experiments. Previous rapid mixing studies have assumed a steady-state relationship between hexacoordination and exogenous ligand binding that does not correlate with observed time courses for binding. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption is not valid for some hexacoordinate hemoglobins, and that multiphasic time …

Biotinylation Of K8 And K12 Co-Occurs With Acetylation And Mono-Methylation In Human Histone H4, Yap Ching Chew, Ashraf S. Raza, Gautam Sarath, Janos Zempleni

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are proteins that are critical for folding of DNA into chromatin. Posttranslational acetylation, methylation, and biotinylation of histones participate in gene silencing, mitotic condensation of chromatin, and the cellular response to DNA damage. Various modifications of histones are known to interact ("cross-talk") in chromatin-remodeling events; interactions may be synergistic or antagonistic. Here, we sought to identify biotinylation sites in human histone H4 by using mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and we sought to determine whether biotinylation co-exists with acetylation and methylation in the same H4 molecule. Nuclear histones from human lymphoid (Jurkat) cells were digested …

Soybean Cultivars Resulted From More Recombination Events Than Unselected Lines In The Same Population, T. R. Stefaniak, D. L. Hyten Jr., V. R. Pantalone, A. Klarer, T. W. Pfeiffer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The selection of superior adapted cultivars has contributed to the doubling of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields in the USA since 1930. Genetic variation was required for this selection to be effective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of homologous chromosome meiotic recombination in the creation of soybean cultivars. A set of 10 adapted high-yielding cultivars selected from the cross ‘Williams’ × ‘Essex’ was com-pared with a set of 156 random recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the same population. Crossover events were identified using 143 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers span-ning all 20 soybean …

Impacts Of Genetic Bottlenecks On Soybean Genome Diversity, D. L. Hyten, Qijian Song, Youlin Zhu, Ik-Young Choi, Randall L. Nelson, Jose M. Costa, James E. Specht, Randy C. Shoemaker, Perry B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean has undergone several genetic bottlenecks. These include domestication in Asia to produce numerous Asian landraces, introduction of relatively few landraces to North America, and then selective breeding over the past 75 years. It is presumed that these three human-mediated events have reduced genetic diversity. We sequenced 111 fragments from 102 genes in four soybean populations representing the populations before and after genetic bottlenecks. We show that soybean has lost many rare sequence variants and has undergone numerous allele frequency changes throughout its history. Although soybean genetic diversity has been eroded by human selection after domestication, it is notable that …

Ethylene Could Influence Ferric Reductase, Iron Transporter, And H+-Atpase Gene Expression By Affecting Fer (Or Fer-Like) Gene Activity, Carlos Lucera, Brian M. Waters, Francisco Javier Romera, María José García, María Morales, Esteban Alcántara, Rafael Pérez-Vicente

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In previous works, it has been shown, by using ethylene inhibitors and precursors, that ethylene could participate in the regulation of the enhanced ferric reductase activity of Fe-deficient Strategy I plants. However, it was not known whether ethylene regulates the ferric reductase gene expression or other aspects related to this activity. This paper is a study of the effects of ethylene inhibitors and precursors on the expression of the genes encoding the ferric reductases and iron transporters of Arabidopsis thaliana (FRO2 and IRT1) and Lycopersicon esculentum (= Solanum lycopersicum) (FRO1 and IRT1) plants. The effects …

Estrogenic Activity In The Environment: Municipal Wastewater Effluent, River, Ponds, And Wetlands, Nancy W. Shappell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Estrogenic activity of regional water samples was evaluated. Samples obtained from wetlands and ponds involved in various agricultural land uses, from three river sites over four seasons, and from municipal wastewater effluent held in storage lagoons were evaluated. The estrogen- responsive cell line MCF-7 BOS was used in the E-screen assay to determine 17β-estradiol equivalents (E₂ Eq) of water samples extracted by solid-phase extraction. Estrogenic activity in surrounding wetlands and ponds from different land uses was not different, with 10^-12 M E2 Eq (0.3 ppt). Estrogenic activity of Red River samples was within the same range as wetland–pond …

Net Global Warming Potential And Greenhouse Gas Intensity In Irrigated Cropping Systems In Northeastern Colorado, Arvin R. Mosier, Ardell D. Halvorson, Curtis A. Reule, Xuejun J. Liu

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The impact of management on global warming potential (GWP), crop production, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in irrigated agriculture is not well documented. A no-till (NT) cropping systems study initiated in 1999 to evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in irrigated agriculture was used in this study to make trace gas flux measurements for 3 yr to facilitate a complete greenhouse gas accounting of GWP and GHGI. Fluxes of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O were measured using static, vented chambers, one to three times per week, year round, from April 2002 through October 2004 …

Movements Of European Starlings Captured At A Winter Roost In Omaha, Nebraska, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, Garrett W. Unrein, James R. Thiele, John M. Hobbs

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were using downtown Omaha, Nebraska, as a winter roosting site. We used radio telemetry and leg streamers to track birds in this roost. Between late December 2005 and March 2006, we radio tagged 57 starlings and located them 432 times. We attached leg bands and colored leg streamers to over 1,300 starlings captured at trapping sites within 7 km (4 mi) of the downtown roost. These techniques yielded data on previously unknown sites where starlings gathered to forage, stage, and roost. The maximum distance that a marked bird was observed from the downtown roost …

Nutrient Uptake Of Maize Affected By Nitrogen And Potassium Fertility In A Humid Subtropical Environment, H. Arnold Bruns, M. Wayne Ebelhar

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility management of maize (Zea mays L.) in the humid subtropical Mississippi Delta may differ from a temperate climate because of its use in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soil temperatures rarely falling to 0 °C, and heavy winter rains that facilitate nutrient losses. An experiment to determine the [N] (concentration = [ ]), phosphorus [P], [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], zinc [Zn], and copper [Cu] and their total contents plant^-1 of maize grown in rotation with cotton, using N fertility levels of (134, 179, 224, 269, …

Effect Of Foliar Applied Plant Elicitors On Microbial And Nematode Populations In The Root Zone Of Potato, H. P. Collins, D. A. Navare, E. Riga, F. J. Pierce

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a process whereby a plant that successfully
resists a pathogen becomes highly resistant to subsequent infection not only by the original pathogen but also by a wide variety of pathogens. Most SAR research has focused on resistance in leaves, so much less is known about the effectiveness of foliar applications of SAR compounds in the protection of plant roots and associated microorganisms in soil. This study was conducted to determine if foliar SAR-inducing applications (BTH or harpin) negatively impact the potato root system beneficial rhizosphere microbial populations and activity or influence pathogenic nematode populations. Foliar …

Un-Ionized Ammonia Exposure In Nile Tilapia: Toxicity, Stress Response, And Susceptibility To Streptococcus Agalactiae, Joyce J. Evans, David J. Park, Gregg C. Brill, Phillip H. Klesius

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity, behavior, blood glucose stress response, and disease susceptibility in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following un-ionized ammonia (UIA) exposure. The acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to Nile tilapia was measured in a 96-h static test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 1.46 mg/L UIA at 24 and 48 h postexposure, 1.33 mg/ L at 72 h postexposure, and 0.98 mg/L at 96 h postexposure. No mortalities were noted in unexposed (0 mg/ L) control fish or fish exposed to 0.5 mg/L UIA. However, 93–100% mortalities were observed within 24 h among …

International Shipping Of Fumonisins From Maize Extracts On C18 Sorbent, R. T. Riley, O. A. Torres, E. Palencia

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fumonisins are mycotoxins found in maize. In developing countries, the resources required for analysis are often lacking, and the shipping of maize between countries can be difficult since the importation of plant materials requires permits/ inspection to prevent the entry of pests that frequently infest maize. A simple, safe and legal method for shipping maize extracts to the USA was needed to conduct a survey of fumonisins in Central America. The objective was to develop a method for isolating and shipping maize extracts for fumonisin analysis so as to facilitate a survey of fumonisin exposure. The results indicate that fumonisins …

Improvements In Channel Catfish Growth After Two Generations Of Selection And Comparison Of Performance Traits Among Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, And Hybrid Catfish Fingerlings In An Aquarium Rack System, Brian C. Small

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A 9-week growth study was conducted to compare the fingerling performance of two genetic groups of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] 103 and USDA303) with that of blue catfish I. furcatus and their hybrid in an aquarium rack system. Fish of approximately 20 g were randomly selected from multifamily populations and acclimated to the aquarium rack system for 2 weeks prior to the start of the 9-week study. Differences in growth indices, feed and protein efficiency, nitrogen retention, whole-body proximate composition, and plasma cortisol levels were determined at the completion of the study. The USDA303 …

Restoration Of Spermatogenesis And Male Fertility By Transplantation Of Dispersed Testicular Cells In The Chicken, Pavel Trefil, Alena Micáková, Jitka Mucksová, Jiń Hejnar, Martin Poplstein, Murray R. Bakst, Jirí Kalina, Jean-Pierre Brillard

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Transplantation of male germ cells into sterilized recipients has been widely used in mammals for conventional breeding and transgenesis purposes. This study presents a workable approach for germ cell transplantation between male chickens. Testicular cells from adult and prepubertal donors were dispersed and transplanted by injection directly into the testes of recipient males sterilized by repeated gamma irradiation. We describe the repopulation of the recipient seminiferous epithelium up to the production of heterologous sperm in about 50% of transplanted males. In comparison to males transplanted with testicular cell preparations from adult donors, in which the first ejaculates with sperm were …

Human Emanations And Related Natural Compounds That Inhibit Mosquito Host-Finding Abilities, Ulrich R. Bernier, Daniel Kline, Kenneth H. Posey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One mechanism by which the action of semiochemicals can be classified is based on the behavioral impact within or external to the species of interest. As such, one can classify a chemical as one of the following^2,3:

1. Pheromone, if it results in response between insects of the same species
2. Kairomone, if it results in response in another species that benefits the species receiving the chemical cue
3. Allomone, if it results in response in another species that benefits the species releasing the chemical cue

However, the distinctions can be more specific by classification of chemical cues …

Laboratory Evaluation Of Avian Odors For Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attraction, S. A. Allan, Ulrich R. Bernier, D. L. Kline

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Attraction of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Aedes aegypti (L.) to avian and other host odors was investigated in a dual-port olfactometer. Although attraction to a human arm was high for Ae. aegypti (>80%) and low for all Culex spp. (<25%), all species responded similarly to a chicken (55.3-73.6%). Responses of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. nigripalpus to feathers were low (<20%) but greater than to controls. There was no difference in attraction of Cx. tarsalis to feathers or controls. Responses to CO₂ (5 ml/min) were low for all species (<15%) except Cx. tarsalis, which were moderate (24.5%). When feathers were combined with CO2, the resulting attraction was additive or lower than responses …

Genetic And Hybridization Evidence Confirms That A Geographic Population Of Gonatocerus Morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) From California Is A New Species: Egg Parasitoids Of The Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Homalodisca Coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), Jesse H. De León, Walker A. Jones, Mamoudou Sétamou, David J. W. Morgan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We investigated the differentiation and reproductive isolation among different geographic populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata), to confirm previous observations that there may exist a cryptic species complex or a new species. Two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase subunits I (COI) and II (COII)] and the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of several individuals per population were sequenced. G. morrilli populations from Texas (TX), Florida (FL), California (CA), and an outgroup (G. ashmeadi) were analyzed. For comparison, a population from Argentina (G. annulicornis) morphologically similar to G. …

Early-Successional Plants Regulate Grassland Productivity And Species Composition: A Removal Experiment, H. Wayne Polley, Brian J. Wilsey, Justin D. Derner, Hyrum B. Johnson, Joaquin Sanabria

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Grime’s (1998) ‘‘mass-ratio’’ hypothesis holds that ecosystem processes depend in the short term on functional properties of dominant plants and in the longer term on how resident species influence the recruitment of dominants. The latter of these effects may be especially important among early-successional species in disturbed ecosystems, but experimental tests are few. We removed two groups of early-successional species, an annual forb Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) S. F. Blake and annual species (mostly grasses) that complete growth early in the growing season [early-season (ES) species], from a heavily-grazed grassland in central Texas, USA dominated by a C₄ perennial grass. …

Effect Of Various Photoperiods On Testicular Weight, Weekly Sperm Output And Plasma Levels Of Lh And Testosterone Over The Reproductive Season In Male Turkeys, Jérôme Noirault, Jean-Pierre Brillard, Murray R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of duration and variation in photoperiod on testis weight, testicular sperm production, semen output, and hormone status over the reproductive season in male turkeys were investigated. In Experiment 1, four groups of males raised from 17 to 23 wk of age under a constant short photoperiod were subjected to a constant short (Group 1: 7L:17D; Group 2: 10.5L:13.5D), constant long (Group 3: 14L:10D) or progressively increasing photoperiod (Group 4: 7L:17D to 14L:10D) up to 60 wk of age. In Experiment 2, four groups of males first raised as in Experiment 1 up to 23 wk of age were …

Registration Of ‘Hallam’ Wheat, P. Stephen Baenziger, B. Beecher, Robert A. Graybosch, D. D. Baltensperger, Lenis Alton Nelson, Y. Jin, J. E. Watkins, J. H. Hatchett, Ming-Shun Chen, Guihua Bai

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

‘Hallam’ (Reg. no. CV-983, PI 638790) is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS and released in 2005 by the developing institutions. Hallam was released primarily for its superior adaptation to rainfed wheat production systems in eastern Nebraska. The name Hallam was chosen to honor Hallam, NE, a town and its people rebuilding after a tornado.

Hallam was selected from the cross ‘Brule’ (Schmidt et al., 1983)/‘Bennett’ (Schmidt et al., 1981)//‘Niobrara’ (Baenziger et al., 1996) that was made in 1992. The F₁ generation was grown in …

Suppression Of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In Florida Poultry Houses By Sustained Releases Of Muscidifurax Raptorellus And Spalangia Cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Christopher Geden, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Weekly releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner and Spalangia cameroni Perkins were made for 12 wk after house cleanouts in Florida pullet houses in either spring/summer (May-August) or fall (September-December). Releases were made by weekly placement of 62,500 and 85,000 pupae parasitized by M. raptorellus and S. cameroni, respectively, which produced an average of 79,049 and 32,841 adult female parasitoids per week. House fly (Musca domestica L.) pupal mortality, as measured by sentinel pupae, was about twice as high in the release house (40.2%) as in the two control houses (21.5 and 21.8%) in the summer release. …

Prevention Of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) And House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Entering Simulated Aircraft With Commercial Air Curtain Units, David A. Carlson, Jerome Hogsette, Daniel Kline, Chris D. Geden, Robert Vandermeer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Commercially available air curtain units were used to create air barriers to prevent mosquitoes and house flies from entering a simulated aircraft doorway together with passengers. Two assemblies of simulated passenger bridge and aircraft were constructed, and airflow measurements were recorded to confirm airflow characteristics for several combinations of commercial units. Three mosquito species were selected for different host-seeking characteristics, and house flies were selected to represent a large, strong-flying insect. Batches of 20 or 200 insects of four species were released into the passenger bridge just before 25 persons passed through the assembly, then insects that entered the aircraft …

Book Review: Identification And Geographical Distribution Of The Mosquitoes Of North America, North Of Mexico, Daniel L. Kline

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Although much of this edition is a verbatim rehash of the first edition (1980), some very important changes have been made to Darsie and Ward's book that make it a valuable resource. This book is the only book that incorporates many of the recent changes in nomenclature, new species listings, and updates of geographic distributions of North American mosquitoes. Twelve species have been added to the book since the first edition. Changes to the text were necessary because of new species (e.g. Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus) invading different parts of North America (Sprenger and Wuithiranyagool 1986, Peyton …