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Articles 61 - 90 of 223
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Traditional Drugs Vs. Alternative Medicine, Menachem Rubenstein
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Traditional Drugs Vs. Alternative Medicine, Menachem Rubenstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease which is inflammatory and chronic. This disease affects the joint linings of those with this condition, which causes painful swelling. Complications of this disease can cause problems in the patients’ eyes, skin, heart, lungs, and other organs. Being that there is no cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis, different treatment approaches are aimed to reduce the current pain and to slow further damage. In this paper, we will present a summary of past and present treatments to address the best possible treatment options for Rheumatoid arthritis. We will place an added emphasis on the use …
Alcohol Consumption And Its Effects On The Liver, Eveline Weinreb
Alcohol Consumption And Its Effects On The Liver, Eveline Weinreb
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Thousands of people die each year in the United States from alcohol related deaths. Why does the metabolism of alcohol cause severe damage to the body? Ethanol enters the body in the form of wine, and other alcoholic beverages and travels through the digestive system and then to the liver where it is metabolized. There are a series of steps involved in the breakdown of ethanol, and toxic byproducts are formed such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These oxygen radicals can lead to damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and to the formation of adducts. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to liver …
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects On Brain Development, Miriam Bayaz
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects On Brain Development, Miriam Bayaz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Birth defects caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, such as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), are well-documented and preventable. The etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevalence, and long-term effects of FAS are all covered in this paper’s thorough evaluation of the current state of knowledge. The teratogenic effects of alcohol on the growing fetus, as well as genetic, environmental, and maternal variables, all play a role in the complex etiology of FAS. A wide spectrum of physical, mental, and behavioral problems resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure on fetal development are discussed. FAS is characterized clinically by facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, central …
Sanfilippo Syndrome: Symptoms, Therapies And The Search For A Cure, Elisheva Garfinkel
Sanfilippo Syndrome: Symptoms, Therapies And The Search For A Cure, Elisheva Garfinkel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Sanfilippo syndrome, also named Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS) is an uncommon disorder that develops due to abnormalities in the nervous system and brain. Aspects of this condition include losing motor and mental function beginning at just a few months old. Four different proteins are involved in the breakdown of Heparin Sulfate (HS) in the extracellular matrix. “When one of these proteins is missing or inadequate, Mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS), can result (“Sanfilippo Syndrome”, 2019) The specific protein that is insufficient will determine which of the four corresponding forms of Sanfilippo syndrome is present. “All variations of Sanfilippo Syndrome are easily identified by …
Differences In The Neurological Pathways Of Innate And Learned Fear, Efrat Jacob
Differences In The Neurological Pathways Of Innate And Learned Fear, Efrat Jacob
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Fear is a fundamental emotion for survival. However, not all fears are the same, leading to a necessary distinction between the two main subsections of fear; innate and learned. This research paper investigates whether the neural pathways underlying innate and learned fear are independent of each other. Using optogenetics and pharmacology, researchers have manipulated specific brain regions and circuits involved in fear processing, such as the amygdala, hypothalamus, and PAG (periaqueductal gray). By measuring the behavioral and physiological indicators of fear in rodents exposed to different types of stimuli, research suggests that there may be partial overlap between the neural …
Keratoconus: The Conical Corneal Conundrum And Its Evolving Treatments, Sima Friedman
Keratoconus: The Conical Corneal Conundrum And Its Evolving Treatments, Sima Friedman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Keratoconus is an eye disease that transforms the shape of the cornea from its normal oval shape to a conical shape. This can lead to a decrease in vision and, if not treated, can lead to a loss of vision. Depending on the severity and progression of each case, many treatment options are now available, ranging from cross linking procedures and special contact lenses to corneal transplants.
Is Growth Hormone The Fountain Of Youth?, David Youlus
Is Growth Hormone The Fountain Of Youth?, David Youlus
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Finding the cure for aging has been a sought-after quest for as long as the world has existed. Growth hormone has been shown as a possible treatment to negate the phenotypic effects of aging. Growth hormone is released from the adenohypophysis in response to sleep, exercise and stress. This in turn stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion from the liver. Growth hormone circulation decreases in volume during aging. Studies on growth hormone therapy have indicated youth-like benefits, such as the reversal of sarcopenia, improved cognitive function, and boosted immunity. However, creating an imbalance of growth hormone and insulin-like factor-1 also …
The Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Different Methods Of Myopia Control, Chaya Feuchtwanger
The Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Different Methods Of Myopia Control, Chaya Feuchtwanger
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Myopia is the leading cause of preventable blindness in East Asia and has a rising global prevalence. If no treatment is done to curb myopic progression, the eye will continue to grow leading to high refractive errors. A higher prescription leads to an increased risk of developing sight-threatening diseases that can lead to irreversible blindness later in life. The discovery of a treatment that slows or even stops myopia from progressing is increasingly important with many studies being conducted worldwide. Currently, the most effective forms of myopia control are atropine eye drops and specialty contact lenses, with new studies exploring …
Epilepsy And Treatment Resistance, Eva Kowalsky
Epilepsy And Treatment Resistance, Eva Kowalsky
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Epilepsy is one of the most common debilitating neurological conditions. Individuals with epilepsy experience frequent seizures. Seizures are caused by hyperexcitable and hyper-synchronized neurons. Anti-seizure medications typically work to normalize the electrical activity in the brain. Many epileptic disorders are caused by genetic mutations, most of which cause mutations in ion channel mechanics. 30% of individuals with epilepsy do not respond to classic anti-seizure medications. A combination of factors typically contributes to treatment resistance. Individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy must turn to novel approaches for seizure relief. These approaches include following a ketogenic diet, using CBD products, utilizing a neurostimulator device, …
Stroke Recovery, Laya Brodie
Stroke Recovery, Laya Brodie
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
For years the brain was thought not to be regenerative, yet research has highlighted the role of neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and deep brain stimulation in promoting brain recovery and enhancing stroke rehabilitation. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize neural pathways in response to environmental or structural changes. Stroke recovery is possible due to the plasticity of the brain; the brain can create new neural pathways and neurons. Traditionally it was believed that humans were limited to generating new neurons in the brain, recent studies have shown that neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood, particularly in the hippocampus, a region as- sociated with …
The Effects Of Nausea And Vomiting On Mother And Child, Mayane Bensoussan
The Effects Of Nausea And Vomiting On Mother And Child, Mayane Bensoussan
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects that can occur during pregnancy. On one hand, it can lead to its severe form called hyperemesis gravidarum, which can lead to hospitalization for electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle weakness, or arrhythmias. On the other hand, nausea and vomiting may be an indication of a statistically healthier fetus. Benefits of maternal nausea and emesis to the developing fetus include improved neural development, decreased risk for congenital heart defects, and decreased incidence of miscarriages. Additionally, benefits to the mother include decreased risk for lung, cervical, and rectal cancer. The mothers also had an overall decreased …
Immunotherapy For The Treatment Of Pediatric Cancers: What Is The Best Option?, Miriam Raitport
Immunotherapy For The Treatment Of Pediatric Cancers: What Is The Best Option?, Miriam Raitport
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease in the pediatric population in the United States. The current standard of care for treating pediatric cancer is traditional: chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. However, these conventional approaches have many unpleasant short-term and long-term side effects and do not offer a genuine cure. Immunotherapy as a cancer treatment is a new approach that has produced very promising results in the pediatric population. Four leading therapies for pediatric cancers are CAR T-cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, monoclonal antibody treatments, and cancer vaccines. Some of the therapies have more promising results than others, and different …
What Is The Best Treatment For Osteoporosis?, Joshua Sodden
What Is The Best Treatment For Osteoporosis?, Joshua Sodden
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that leads to frail bones, caused by osteoclasts destroying more bone than osteoblasts can create. It is more common among elderly people due to a lack of growth factors that promote osteoblasts. Estrogen plays a very important role in bone homeostasis of women; therefore post-menopausal women are most commonly affected because of their lack of estrogen production. Currently the FDA has approved eleven different drug treatments for osteoporosis. These treatments include anabolic treatments such as parathyroid hormone and anti-sclerostin, as well as catabolic treatments which include bisphosphonates, estrogen hormone, SERMs and anti-RANKL. This paper describes …
Effects Of Microdosing With Psilocybin Mushrooms, Chavivah Davis
Effects Of Microdosing With Psilocybin Mushrooms, Chavivah Davis
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Microdosing with psilocybin, a psychoactive compound found in certain species of mushrooms, has gained popularity in recent years as a means of enhancing mood, cognition, and creativity without inducing the full-blown psychedelic experience. There are many potential benefits associated with microdosing with psilocybin. Although studies do show many positive effects of microdosing with psilocybin, long-term research is required to make a conclusive statement regarding this topic. Furthermore, there are risks and concerns involved that need to be considered, including the illegality of psilocybin and the lack of research. This paper will review the available literature on microdosing with psilocybin. It …
Full Issue: Volume 17, Number 1, Fall 2023
Full Issue: Volume 17, Number 1, Fall 2023
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 17, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2023.
Epinephrine And Cardiac Arrest: The Catch-22, Shaina Friedman
Epinephrine And Cardiac Arrest: The Catch-22, Shaina Friedman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Epinephrine has been a standard of care treatment for cardiac arrest for the last century; however, the use of epinephrine began without a significant amount of research. In recent years, many have started to question whether epinephrine is an appropriate treatment for cardiac arrest. While epinephrine causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels and directs much-needed blood flow to the heart, it has also been shown to harm the microvessels of the brain, causing ischemia and neurological damage. Many trials, studies, and surveys were conducted to determine the correct course of action involving the use of epinephrine during cardiac arrest. Additional …
The Impact Of Gestational Diabetes On The Offspring, Deborah Daniel
The Impact Of Gestational Diabetes On The Offspring, Deborah Daniel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
A prevalent pregnancy condition known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels while pregnant. GDM poses implications for both maternal and fetal health. Through extensive research, this paper provides a thorough analysis of the potential effects of GDM on the offspring. According to studies, GDM can negatively impact fetal growth and development, increasing the risk of macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Additionally, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are among the metabolic and cardiovascular disorders that infants born to women with GDM are more likely to experience as adults. These long-term effects may be …
Immunosuppression After Cardiac Transplantation: What Is The Best Approach?, Sara Batya Friedman
Immunosuppression After Cardiac Transplantation: What Is The Best Approach?, Sara Batya Friedman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Cardiac transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients in end-stage heart failure. Since the first heart transplant in 1967, survival rates have steadily increased. This is largely on account of advancing immunosuppressive therapies, although immuno- suppression protocol still varies greatly among transplant centers, with no ideal regimen to follow. A fine balance lies between under-immunosuppression leading to rejection, and over-immunosuppression causing complications, toxicity, and adverse effects. Some successful therapies include steroids, lymphocyte proliferation inhibitors, and calcineurin inhibitors. Much of the available evidence as to which regimens have been successful is from retrospective analyses, indicating the need for more studies to …
The Impact Of Maternal Health On Breastfeeding Duration, Yael Weinberg
The Impact Of Maternal Health On Breastfeeding Duration, Yael Weinberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The mechanism of breastfeeding is a complex biological process beginning with hormone production from the pituitary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the breasts. Mothers are recommended to breastfeed exclusively for six months and then continue for another six with the addition of solid food. However, despite the countless health benefits associated with lengthened breastfeeding for both mother and infant, many women dismiss this recommendation. This paper aims to research the aspects of maternal health that can derail the recommended duration of breastfeeding, focusing on emotional health, nutritional intake, and various diseases or surgeries. It is found …
Do The Benefits Of Growth Hormone Outweigh The Risks?, Michael D. Goodstein
Do The Benefits Of Growth Hormone Outweigh The Risks?, Michael D. Goodstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Growth hormone treatment was introduced in the 1950s to confront growth hormone deficiency and metabolic irregularities. In 2003, however, the FDA approved growth hormone treatment for patients with abnormal growth rates unlinked to growth hormone deficiency. The treatment has become largely available to the general public, making the safety of growth hormone treatment an extremely important subject. This paper clarifies the benefits and efficacy of growth hormone treatment and analyzes the potential associated risks, including cancer and diabetes.
Xenotransplants: The Risks And Benefits, Sima Langner
Xenotransplants: The Risks And Benefits, Sima Langner
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This literature review discusses how xenotransplants from animals, especially pigs, can serve as viable alternatives to allotransplants. There are many ways of ensuring the health of the host, including testing the donor pig for cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, simian agent 8, and other viruses linked to transmitted infections. The Galα-1,3-Gal epitope and N-glycolylneuraminic acid are both recognized by human antibodies and induce rejection. To remedy this, double knockout pigs have been developed that lack both. The human complement system serves as another potential pitfall for xenotransplants that can be neutralized by introducing human complement regulatory proteins into transgenic animals pre-transplant. …
Full Issue: Volume 16, Number 1, Fall 2022
Full Issue: Volume 16, Number 1, Fall 2022
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 16, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2022.
Crohn’S Disease: Risk Factors As Pathways To Treatment, Yonina Wallerstein
Crohn’S Disease: Risk Factors As Pathways To Treatment, Yonina Wallerstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Objective: This paper discusses the research available regarding risk factors of Crohn’s disease. Risk factors are analyzed to determine which are the most likely to cause pathogenesis. Discussion includes a definition of the disease, including new ways to diagnose and treat it. Prevalence amongst different populations is reviewed to consider a broad variety of environmental and genetic factors. Risk factors and research of affected populations lead to the study of the microbiome and how that must be further studied to broaden understanding and treatment options.
Effective Treatments For Onychomycosis, Jonathan Knobel
Effective Treatments For Onychomycosis, Jonathan Knobel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Background: Onychomycosis is a highly prevalent nail infective disorder. Many treatments, with varied success rates and side effects, are used. Objectives: To assess the most recommended treatment for Onychomycosis with the optimal cure rate and least severe side effects. Search Methods: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO Multisearch, and Google Scholar were used to gather information. Search terms such as “Onychomycosis,” and “Effective treatments for Onychomycosis” etc. were used. Results: Effective treatments include oral, topical, nail avulsion, and laser treatments. Topical treatments have low cure rates and minimal side effects. Oral treatments have various side effects but the highest mycological and clinical cure …
How Is H. Pylori Implicated In The Etiology Of Cancer?, Chaya S. Lowy
How Is H. Pylori Implicated In The Etiology Of Cancer?, Chaya S. Lowy
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Gastric cancer is a major public health concern due to the many deaths it is associated with. H. pylori is present in almost all gastric cancer patients; thus, it is fundamental to understand how H. pylori is implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer. The research in this paper is primarily based on studies acquired from Touro College Online Libraries. The bacteria have the means to survive the harsh environment of the stomach by creating a safe microenvironment and propelling themselves toward safer territory. If the bacteria attach to host cells, H. pylori injects cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) and vacuolating …
Retinal Detachment: What Are The Types And Potential Causes?, Mera Skoblo
Retinal Detachment: What Are The Types And Potential Causes?, Mera Skoblo
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Retinal detachment is one of the few ocular emergencies. Depending on the extensiveness of the detachment, and whether it is macula on or macula off, will affect the patient’s visual acuity after treatment. Therefore, it is vital that after experiencing any common retinal detachment symptoms, the patient sees an ophthalmologist immediately. High-risk factors for retinal detachment include aging, ocular trauma, high myopia, and prior eye surgery. Statistically, the cause of a given retinal detachment often determines the specific type of detachment that occurs. There are three forms of retinal detachment, categorized separately based on their anatomical characteristics.
Gene Therapy For Cancer Treatment, Nechama Grossman
Gene Therapy For Cancer Treatment, Nechama Grossman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Cancer is a genetic disease in which cells grow uncontrollably and can spread throughout the body. Cancer cells have distinguishing traits which facilitate their unlimited growth; these traits can be used in the development of gene therapy cancer treatment, which includes: CRISPR, a gene-editing tool that can precisely modify human DNA; Kymriah, which induces T cells to kill cancer cells; Gendicine and zinc metallochaperones, which utilize p53, a protein vital for the destruction of cancer cells. Scientists continue to improve gene therapy treatments, making them available to more patients and decreasing the toxicity of treatments.
Physical Therapy In The Treatment And Prevention Of Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions In Women, Tova Feigenbaum
Physical Therapy In The Treatment And Prevention Of Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions In Women, Tova Feigenbaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Pelvic floor dysfunctions are a widespread health issue that significantly disrupts the quality of life of those afflicted. This paper aims to present the research that proves how physical therapy, specifically pelvic floor muscle training, is an effective way to treat and prevent pelvic floor dysfunctions in women. Extensive research was done on the topic by exploring numerous scholarly databases and analyzing relevant articles on experimental trials, studies, and their results. After gaining an understanding of pelvic floor dysfunctions, studying the methodology of pelvic floor physical therapy, and examining numerous successful clinical trials, it has been determined that physical therapy …
Are Clear Aligners Better Than The Conventional Orthodontic Fixed Appliances?, Adelle Perkelvald
Are Clear Aligners Better Than The Conventional Orthodontic Fixed Appliances?, Adelle Perkelvald
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has become an attractive alternative for orthodontic treatment as more adolescents and young adults pursue othodontic care. CAT is comprised of removable transparent appliances that offer a more aesthetic appearance to prospective patients. Recent studies have shown that CAT efficiency and efficacy for orthodontic procedures for cases of mild to moderate malocclusions are of equal or greater caliber to those of conventional fixed appliances. Clear aligners are also found to be less painful, better for periodontal health, and more accessible in comparison with fixed appliances. For those meeting the criteria for CAT, clear aligners may be …
An Analysis Of Different Treatment Options For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ariella Shifteh
An Analysis Of Different Treatment Options For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ariella Shifteh
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a highly dangerous autoimmune disease. Type 1 diabetes is most commonly seen in children and young adults as pancreatic Beta (B) cell destruction is highest at this age. Patients with Type 1 Diabetes are required to take insulin injections to compensate for their lack of insulin, but many patients still have episodes of hyperglycemia. This paper analyzes and compares the effectiveness of different treatment options. The standard approach is to prescribe insulin injections, but this analysis finds insulin injections in conjunction with oral medications such as Metformin and Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors has a positive …