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Articles 31 - 60 of 223
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Embryonic Stem Cells Vs Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells For Tissue Engineering, Devora Weinstein
Embryonic Stem Cells Vs Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells For Tissue Engineering, Devora Weinstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pluripotent, meaning that they can give rise to many types of cells. Consequently, they both represent incredible potential for applications in regenerative medicine and research models. This paper explores their similarities and critical molecular differences, especially in the context of tissue engineering. Through analysis of three peer-reviewed studies, the paper focuses on their respective advantages and limitations. One study used Raman spectroscopy to reveal higher nucleic acid content in iPSCs, possibly due to epigenetic memory. The second study utilized DNA methylation profiling and gene expression data to construct …
Factors Mediating The Reproductive Risk For Balanced Chromosomal Translocation Carriers, Talia Alter
Factors Mediating The Reproductive Risk For Balanced Chromosomal Translocation Carriers, Talia Alter
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Reciprocal balanced translocations occur when one part of a chromosome is exchanged with another, resulting in zero net loss of genetic material. While individuals with a balanced translocation are phenotypically normal, a translocation can cause increased risk of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and the birth of a child with unbalanced chromosomes. In order to adequately guide an individual in their reproductive decisions, geneticists must be able to assess the risk of the patient’s unique translocation. An analysis of three recent studies reveals several factors which play a role in mediating the effects of balanced translocations and directly affect reproductive risk …
What Is The Best Way To Combat The Symptoms Of Knee Osteoarthritis?, Anna Reich
What Is The Best Way To Combat The Symptoms Of Knee Osteoarthritis?, Anna Reich
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease that a significant percentage of adults contend with. This degenerative joint disease causes the breakdown of tissue at the joint, which leads to symptoms of pain, decreased function, and limited range of motion. There are various methods of combating these symptoms. Treatment options include basic lifestyle modifications and other nonpharmacological methods, oral and topical drugs, intraarticular injections, and surgery. There are benefits and risks, as well as a lack of effectiveness associated with these treatments. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there is an optimal treatment for this disease. Based on the …
How Does Marijuana Affect Reproductive Health?, Miriam Blatner
How Does Marijuana Affect Reproductive Health?, Miriam Blatner
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Marijuana use has become prevalent worldwide, especially amongst men and women of reproductive age. Marijuana acts on Cannabinoid receptors, which are a part of the Endocannabinoid system. CB1 and CB2 receptors are most found in humans. Activation of Cannabinoid receptors in males cause a reduction in healthy sperm parameters and inhibits the acrosomal reaction, and therefore minimizes fertility potential. Researchers have not yet discovered any significant interactions between marijuana and the female reproductive system. There has also been limited evidence displaying the effects that marijuana has on pregnancy and breastfeeding of infants. Nevertheless, physicians have recommended against marijuana use while …
What Is Aphthous Stomatitis? What Are The Possible Causes And Treatments?, Shirah Balakhane
What Is Aphthous Stomatitis? What Are The Possible Causes And Treatments?, Shirah Balakhane
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The historical understanding of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS), also known as canker sores, has evolved. This paper aims to collect data that determines the underlying factors that can cause RAS and highlights treatments or preventive measures one should take. RAS is a common mucosal disease of the mouth that affects healthy people and presents atypically in immunocompromised people. Geographical, age, and gender-related factors can all affect the prevalence. RAS still has no known cause; however, several systemic, local, immunologic, genetic, dietary, allergy, and microbiological factors—including immunosuppressive medications and stress—have been suggested as potential culprits. Using topical and systemic medicines, the …
Ethanol-Containing Mouthwash: Is It Safe? Exploring The Potential Risks And Benefits, Michoel Adler
Ethanol-Containing Mouthwash: Is It Safe? Exploring The Potential Risks And Benefits, Michoel Adler
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This thesis investigates the safety of ethanol-containing mouthwash, focusing on the risks and benefits associated with the ethanol in mouthwash and its metabolic product, acetaldehyde. While ethanol is an effective antimicrobial agent, its carcinogenic and cytotoxic effects raise some concerns. This paper examines ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure, its toxicity, and its effects on oral health. Existing studies have found risks associated with ethanol exposure and have not found decreased effectiveness in ethanol-free mouthwash controlling oral bacteria. Further research is needed to determine the exact risks associated with ethanol-containing mouthwash and should focus on identifying the most effective and safest combination …
The Impact Of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy On Fetal Development, Ariella Eisig
The Impact Of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy On Fetal Development, Ariella Eisig
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy significantly impacts both maternal and fetal health, posing physical and neuropsychological development risks for the neonate. This paper reviews the mechanism of thyroid function, the etiology, screening for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and the effects on fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. Multiple studies have shown that maternal thyroid dysfunction can lead to various complications such as IUGR, preterm birth, neonatal Grave’s disease, and adverse neuropsychological outcomes in children. Proper screening, monitoring, and management of maternal thyroid function are essential to lessen these risks and ensure optimal fetal development. Further research is warranted to better understand the complex …
What Are The Best Treatment Options For Infantile Cataracts?, Breindy Hecht
What Are The Best Treatment Options For Infantile Cataracts?, Breindy Hecht
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Congenital and infantile cataracts are characterized by opacity of the ocular lens, causing decreased visual acuity and inducing amblyopia. Treatment of pediatric patients is complicated because the eye is still growing during childhood, and the mind-eye connection is developing during this time. Anything that obstructs visual input from the eye to the brain raises risks of permanent visual deficit. Treatment includes immediate cataract extraction; this is sometimes followed by intraocular implantation of an artificial lens. After surgery, treatment continues in the form of occlusive patching therapy, corrective spectacles, or cycloplegic eye drops. Oftentimes, several methods are used simultaneously for maximal …
Full Issue: Volume 17, Number 2, Spring 2024
Full Issue: Volume 17, Number 2, Spring 2024
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 17, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2024.
The Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Oral Cavity, Batsheva Saposh
The Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Oral Cavity, Batsheva Saposh
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Electronic cigarettes, which became available for purchase in the United States in 2007, were initially touted as a harmless aid for smoking cessation. However, recent research into the impact of electronic cigarettes on the human body has shown potential deleterious effects. This paper aims to examine the effects electronic cigarette usage has on the oral cavity. The methods to compile research involved reading through many peer-reviewed articles to analyze the most current information on the topic. The findings indicate several potentially adverse effects on the oral cavity including oral cancer, periodontitis, dental caries, xerostomia, facial fractures, failed dental implants, and …
Sibo And The Effectiveness Of Treatment Via Diet And Medication, Elizabeth C. Hersko
Sibo And The Effectiveness Of Treatment Via Diet And Medication, Elizabeth C. Hersko
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This study delves into small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), exploring its origins, diagnosis, and treatment methods. The research illuminates the complexities of SIBO, a condition characterized by an abnormal surge of bacteria in the small intestine. Factors contributing to SIBO include impaired motility, anatomical abnormalities, and digestive system dysfunctions. Diagnosing SIBO proves challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms which often overlap with other conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Various diagnostic approaches, including lactulose breath testing, blood tests, stool analysis, and imaging, aim to identify SIBO and its underlying causes. Treatment involves dietary modifications—such as low FODMAP, biphasic, or fast …
Non-Surgical Treatment Options For Male-Pattern Baldness, Robert Schiffer
Non-Surgical Treatment Options For Male-Pattern Baldness, Robert Schiffer
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Male pattern baldness affects nearly 50% of the world’s male population. It is associated with physiological conditions such as cardiovascular disease as well as psychological issues with self-image and self-esteem. Although surgical treatments exist, they are associated with risks and complications. Various non-surgical treatment modalities for male pattern baldness are available for patients. Topical and oral formulations of minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride can be used, in addition to low level light therapy (LLLT) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy. As many treatment options exist, it may be challenging for patients to decide which to choose. Although there have been few …
Targeting Vs. Modulating: How To Confront Variation In Cystic Fibrosis?, Yechiel Muller
Targeting Vs. Modulating: How To Confront Variation In Cystic Fibrosis?, Yechiel Muller
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease with over 2,000 reported mutation varieties. It affects a chloride channel called CFTR, which by the transmembrane transport of chlorine, maintains an apical membrane electrolyte equilibrium in luminal epithelial cells. Its malfunction results in cystic fibrosis which causes excess mucus in various organs and is associated with respiratory complications and salty sweat. Treatment of cystic fibrosis has primarily taken two approaches: a mutation-specific method, targeted at a particular mutation to restore its function, and a mutation-non-specific method, which modulates intracellular barriers to CFTR trafficking or cellular repression of mutant protein function. This paper presents …
Lead Exposure: Neurological Implications, Transmission In Utero, And Treatment, Chana Birnbaum
Lead Exposure: Neurological Implications, Transmission In Utero, And Treatment, Chana Birnbaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Blood lead levels are routinely measured in pediatric clinics due to the well-documented detrimental effects of lead exposure on neurodevelopment and consequently cognition. Reading difficulties, impaired detailed movement, and depressed reaction time are three areas, among others, implicated in lead toxicity (Needleman, 1990). Furthermore, lead toxicity can be of particular concern in pregnant women, as placental transmission is viable (Gundacker & Hengstschläger, 2012, as cited in Sun et al., 2018). Future research investigating the transmission of lead from mother to fetus may provide insight into the timeline of in utero lead transmission and consequently the ability to direct anti-toxicity treatment …
Is Ozempic A Safe Way To Lose Weight?, Elizer Terebelo
Is Ozempic A Safe Way To Lose Weight?, Elizer Terebelo
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Obesity, as classified by the AHA, is a chronic disorder affecting many people worldwide. Providing treatments for obesity is a multi-million-dollar industry. There are many different types of treatments offered for obesity, ranging from pills to surgeries. Ozempic has been touted as an FDA-approved supplement that can help someone lose weight. These GLP-1 agonists are used to treat type-2 diabetes and have been shown to help patients lose weight. Type-2 diabetes is a chronic illness that can lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure, serious eye disease, neuropathy, and many other diseases. For this reason, most risks that Ozempic would …
Is It Possible For Glp-1ras To Combat Type 2 Diabetes And Its Comorbidities?, Michael Weingarten
Is It Possible For Glp-1ras To Combat Type 2 Diabetes And Its Comorbidities?, Michael Weingarten
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, leading to chronic hyperglycemia and comorbidities such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Traditional treatments focus on glycemic control, but often fail to address the broader spectrum of related conditions. This study investigates the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) to combat type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities through their diverse mechanisms of action. GLP-1RAs not only improve glycemic control by enhancing insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon release, but also promote weight loss, reduce inflammation, and lower cardiovascular risk. The efficacy of GLP-1RAs …
Muscle Degradation Due To Aging And The Role Of Exercise In Aging Adults, Chava Rosenbaum
Muscle Degradation Due To Aging And The Role Of Exercise In Aging Adults, Chava Rosenbaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Skeletal muscle contraction is essential for the human body’s movement, balance, and formation. As aging sets in, the skeletal muscular system begins to decay, leading to a decline in muscle strength, reducing strength, and increasing the risk of falling. Studies have found changes in hormone levels and muscle communication are key factors contributing to muscle movement and mass decline. Consequently, different exercise methods have been explored to slow down the rapidly deteriorating muscles and help maintain a healthy, strong muscular system. This paper delves into specific exercise routines proven through studies to be beneficial for the body. While some research …
Is Manual Therapy An Effective Modality Of Physical Therapy?, Caryn Karfunkel
Is Manual Therapy An Effective Modality Of Physical Therapy?, Caryn Karfunkel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Physical therapy provides relief to patients with musculoskeletal disorders who experience pain and have difficulty functioning. Manual therapy is one of the therapeutic modalities of physical therapy, and helps treat patients through utilizing human touch and pressure. This paper analyzes studies that aim to understand the reasoning behind manual therapy’s effectiveness as a physical therapy modality, questioning whether its benefits are primarily biomechanical or psychological. The research was conducted by analyzing relevant literature on academic databases on topics such as pain, physical therapy, manual therapy, and human touch. The findings reveal that manual therapy is an effective modality of physical …
Full Issue: Volume 18, Number 1, Fall 2024
Full Issue: Volume 18, Number 1, Fall 2024
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 18, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2024.
Can Immunotherapy Treat Food Allergies?, Baila Klahr
Can Immunotherapy Treat Food Allergies?, Baila Klahr
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Food allergies among children are highly prevalent. The elimination diet and fear of allergic reactions cause anxiety in many children and their parents. Immunotherapy stimulates the production of Treg cells which inhibit IgE-mediated allergic reactions. This can successfully desensitize children to their allergens. Subcutaneous immunotherapy can be used for environmental allergens while sublingual or oral immunotherapy should be used for food allergies. There are some risks associated with oral immunotherapy and research is ongoing to study the safety and efficacy of oral immunotherapy.
Overview Of Weight Loss Medications, Malky Mandel
Overview Of Weight Loss Medications, Malky Mandel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Obesity is a complex medical condition that is multifactorial in origin. About one-third of adults in the United States are obese, and another third are overweight (Ogden et al., 2007). Obesity is associated with a multitude of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis (Lim, Boster, 2023). Additionally, obesity may cause psychological disorders due to social prejudice and discrimination toward obese people (Wadden et al. 2002). Economically, obesity is also a tremendous financial burden (Tremmel et al. 2017). It is estimated that the overall cost of obesity-related illness in the US is nearly $500 billion (Cawley et al., …
What Is The Optimal Timing Of Embryo Biopsy For Diagnosing Genetic Abnormalities?, Nekhama Riznyk
What Is The Optimal Timing Of Embryo Biopsy For Diagnosing Genetic Abnormalities?, Nekhama Riznyk
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Introduction and Purpose: This paper examines current trends in assisted reproductive technology, specifically the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD to help in the preimplantation detection of genetic abnormalities such as monogenetic diseases and aneuploidy. PGD can be carried out in different stages, and the timing of the procedure has become one of the major issues in implementation. Three major stages of biopsy have been applied when carrying out PGD: Polar body biopsy (pre-conception), cleavage stage biopsy (3 days after conception), and blastocyst stage biopsy (6 days after conception). The purpose of the paper was to explore these stages and …
Improving The Prediction And Management Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Shulamis Sadowsky
Improving The Prediction And Management Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Shulamis Sadowsky
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a potentially fatal and often missed obstetric complication. The fetus is deprived of vital blood, oxygen, and nutrients due to faulty maternofetal circulation, leading to a severe lack of fetal growth. Since current prenatal testing is highly ineffective at diagnosing the condition, many babies with IUGR are negatively impacted before, during, and after birth. This paper assesses alternative and innovative detection and management methods of IUGR. Current routine prenatal care includes simple fundal height measurements to screen for IUGR. This analysis finds that other testing may increase the rate of detection of the disease. Maternal …
Is Nanotechnology An Effective Treatment For Diabetic Wounds?, Esther Auerbach
Is Nanotechnology An Effective Treatment For Diabetic Wounds?, Esther Auerbach
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Diabetes Mellitus is increasingly impacting millions of adults worldwide. Multiple complications are associated with the disease, including non-healing chronic wounds. Treatment of diabetic wounds and foot ulcers is a complex challenge, as standard treatment options are ineffective. This review focuses on the use of nanotechnology as a treatment option. Nanomaterials include inorganic and organic nanoparticles as well as nanofilms and fibers. Analysis of the benefits of these nanoparticles will be discussed which include their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing capabilities. A critical overview of the possible bene- fits will be assessed from in vitro and in vivo studies. Overall, …
Can Physicians Transfer Bacteria Onto Patients Through Their Neckties?, Alexandra Pinkhas
Can Physicians Transfer Bacteria Onto Patients Through Their Neckties?, Alexandra Pinkhas
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Hospital-acquired infections are exacerbated by the presence of transmission agents such as bacteria on neckties. Physicians can put patients at risk of infections if bacteria contaminate their ties during their normal hospital routines. In the hospital setting, some of the most common bacteria include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile. Studies have shown that neckties can act as transmission agents, especially when they come into contact with patients. Additionally, the type of material used to make a necktie determines the viability of bacteria. Wearing neckties increases risk for …
Intraoral Appliance Therapy - A Better Alternative For Apnea Than Cpap?, Bryan Teigman
Intraoral Appliance Therapy - A Better Alternative For Apnea Than Cpap?, Bryan Teigman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition where there is a physiologic hindrance of airflow to the lungs, triggering the brain to interfere with the sleep cycle and awaken an individual to provide sufficient oxygen flow. For years, the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine has been the gold standard of care for patients suffering from OSA. Nonetheless, the machine has its flaws of being bulky, noisy, and other side effects, causing a low adherence rate and thus a lower relief rate of OSA symptoms. Accordingly, there have been many researchers seeking a more effective way to treat OSA, such …
Is Intermittent Fasting A Better Option Than Continuous Calorie Restriction?, Joseph J Cynamon
Is Intermittent Fasting A Better Option Than Continuous Calorie Restriction?, Joseph J Cynamon
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular diet for weight loss in the United States in the past ten years. Proponents of intermittent fasting claim that restricting calories via a fasting period yields more significant weight loss and better improvements in biomarkers for longevity than restricting calories continuously. The goal of this paper is to determine whether intermittent fasting leads to weight loss and is more beneficial than continuous calorie restriction. The paper first details the physiological processes which can occur during fasting that are theorized to render fasting advantageous. It then reviews the limited available research that experimentally compares …
How Can We Eliminate Peanut Allergies?, Ari Weingarten
How Can We Eliminate Peanut Allergies?, Ari Weingarten
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
For a long time, people with peanut allergies have had to carefully read labels, carry around emergency epinephrine injections, and live in fear of accidentally consuming an otherwise benign food that could potentially kill them. Thankfully, researchers have been working on ways to alleviate the harmful effects of these allergies and perhaps even find a cure. In the Learning Early About Peanut allergy (LEAP) study performed in 2015, researchers examined whether the early introduction of peanut consumption could be used to prevent peanut allergies. According to the study, peanuts can be introduced orally to high-risk infants who are sensitized, as …
Singer’S Voice Quality - Genetic Or Environmental Influences?, Dobra Baum
Singer’S Voice Quality - Genetic Or Environmental Influences?, Dobra Baum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This paper explores the singing voice in terms of the vocal mechanism’s key anatomical features and the physiology of the vocal function. It focuses on phonation and resonation and examines the anatomy and physiology of the vocal tract and the respiratory system. The aim is to determine whether the singer’s voice is only the product of genetics or due to environmental influences. It conducts a procedure to evaluate how singers use their voices to modify breathing, pitch, volume, and timbre through resonance shaping. It also investigates the hereditary transmission of a good singing voice, on chromosome 12q, between relatives, and …
Full Issue: Volume 16, Number 2, Spring 2023
Full Issue: Volume 16, Number 2, Spring 2023
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 16, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2023.