Virology Commons^™

Nucleotdie Sequence Of An Anti-Fluorescyl Hapten Antibody Heavy Chain Variable Region Gene From A Balb/C Mouse Hybridoma Cell Line, Zhen-Qian Liu, Charles Wood, Tai Te Wu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We report here the nucleotide sequence of an anti-fluorescyl hapten antibody heavy chain variable region gene from a BALB/c mouse hybridoma cell line 3-13 (1). This gene segment was contained in a 5.0 kb EcoRI fragment isolated by a 700 bp probe 3' to the mouse heavy chain joining minigene region between the XbaI and EcoRI sites. Mature protein starts at *. The first 21 amino acid residues have also been confirmed by direct amino acid sequencing and they are identical to those of immunoglobulin MOPC104E heavy chain (2). Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) are underlined. The third CDR is unusually …

Productive, Persistent Infection Of Human Colorectal Cell Lines With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Akio Adachi, Scott Koenig, Howard Gendelman, Daryl Daugherty, Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli, Anthony Fauci, Malcom A. Martin

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Thirteen adherent human non-lymphocyte cell lines were tested for their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus. Productive infection could be demonstrated in three of five colorectal carcinoma cell lines examined; the other eight human non-lymphocyte cell lines were uninfectible. A susceptible colon carcinoma cell line (HT29), as well as normal colonic mucosa, was shown to contain a 3.0-kilobase species of poly(A)⁺ CD4 RNA, whereas uninfectible colon carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines synthesized no detectable T4 RNA. A persistently infected colon carcinoma cell line was established that continued to produce progeny human immunodeficiency virus for more than 10 weeks …

Production Of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Retrovirus In Human And Nonhuman Cells Transfected With An Infectious Molecular Clone, Akio Adachi, Howard E. Gendelman, Scott Koenig, Thomas Folks, Ronald Willey, Arnold Rabson, Malcom A. Martin

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We constructed an infectious molecular clone of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus. Upon transfection, this clone directed the production of infectious virus particles in a wide variety of cells in addition to human T4 cells. The progeny, infectious virions, were synthesized in mouse, mink, monkey, and several human non-T cell lines, indicating the absence of any intracellular obstacle to viral RNA or protein production or assembly. During the course of these studies, a human colon carcinoma cell line, exquisitely sensitive to DNA transfection, was identified.

Tropism Of Sheep Lentiviruses For Monocytes: Susceptibility To Infection And Virus Gene Expression Increase During Maturation Of Monocytes To Macrophages, Howard E. Gendelman, Opendra Narayan, Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf, Peter G. E. Kennedy, Zahra Ghotbi, J. E. Clements, Jeff Stanley, Gholam Pezeshkpour

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Visna lentiviruses have a natural tropism for cells of the macrophage lineage of sheep and goats, but virus replication in these cells in vivo is restricted so that only small quantities of virus are produced. One restricting factor suggested in previous studies is that virus replication is dependent on the maturity of the cells: the more mature the cell, the less restrictive the replication of the virus. Since monocytes in peripheral blood are precursors of macrophages, we investigated the effect of cell maturation on virus replication under limited control conditions in vitro by inoculating blood leukocytes with virus and retarding …

Absence Of A Structural Basis For Intracellular Recognition And Differential Localization Of Nuclear And Plasma Membrane-Associated Forms Of Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen., Donald L. Jarvis, Charles N. Cole, Janet S. Butel

Dartmouth Scholarship

The simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) is found in both the nuclei (nT-ag) and plasma membranes (mT-ag) of simian virus 40-infected or -transformed cells. It is not known how newly synthesized T-ag molecules are recognized, sorted, and transported to their ultimate subcellular destinations. One possibility is that these events depend upon structural differences between nT-ag and mT-ag. To test this possibility, we compared the structures of nT-ag and mT-ag from simian virus 40-infected cells. No differences between the two forms of T-ag were detected by migration in polyacrylamide gels, by Staphylococcus aureus V8 partial proteolytic mapping of methionine- …

Plant Viruses., R. A.C. Jones

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Cucumber mosaic virus in legumes, 85A024, 85A122, 85A123, 85A153, 85A163, 85A217, 85A219. Alfalfa mosaic virus in annual medics.

Htlv-Iii Serology In Hemophilia: Relationship With Immunologic Abnormalities, Joan C. Gill, Jay E. Menitove, Philip R. Anderson, James T. Casper, Sushilkumar G. Devare, Charles Wood, Stuart Adair, James Casey, Christi Scheffel, Robert R. Montgomery

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We investigated the relationship of the presence of antibodies to HTLV-III and immunologic abnormalities in patients with hemophilia. Serum antibodies to HTLV-III were analyzed by ELISA assay, immunoprecipitation of labeled cell extracts, and immunoprecipitation of purified HTLV-III p24. Thirty-four (61%) of the total group (n = 56) had antibody to HTLV-III; 34 (76%) of 45 patients given commercial factor VIII preparations were seropositive, compared with none of 11 patients treated exclusively with cryoprecipitate obtained from volunteer blood donors. Of patients who were seropositive for HTLV-III antibody, 94% had abnormal T4/T8 ratios, and 33% of those whose serum was antibody …

Two Separable Functional Domains Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen: Carboxyl-Terminal Region Of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Is Required For Efficient Capsid Protein Synthesis., Joanne Tornow, Maryellen Polvino-Bodnar, George Santangelo, Charles N. Cole

Dartmouth Scholarship

The carboxyl-terminal portion of simian virus 40 large T antigen is essential for productive infection of CV-1 and CV-1p green monkey kidney cells. Mutant dlA2459, lacking 14 base pairs at 0.193 map units, was positive for viral DNA replication, but unable to form plaques in CV-1p cells (J. Tornow and C.N. Cole, J. Virol. 47:487-494, 1983). In this report, the defect of dlA2459 is further defined. Simian virus 40 late mRNAs were transcribed, polyadenylated, spliced, and transported in dlA2459-infected cells, but the level of capsid proteins produced in infected CV-1 green monkey kidney cells was extremely low. dlA2459 large T …

Effects Of Folic Acid Or Zinc Malnutrition On Rotaviral Infection In A Murine Model, John Douglas Morrey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influences of dietary deficiencies of folic acid or zinc on rotaviral disease infant mice were studied. Preliminary studies indicated that bovine and simian rotaviruses, but not porcine rotavirus, caused diarrhea in infant mice. Bovine and porcine rotaviruses were not, however, sufficiently infectious to replace murine rotavirus in studies utilizing the murine model. It was also determined that murine rotavirus purified by a cesium chloride gradient was highly infectious and useful for subsequent studies on nutritional influences of rotaviral disease. In dietary studies, female Swiss Webster mice were fed diets containing deficient, moderately deficient, or adequate levels of folic acid …

Activation Of A Translocated Human C-Myc Gene By An Enhancer In The Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Locus, Adrian C. Hayday, Stephen D. Gillies, Haruo Saito, Charles Wood, Klas Wiman, William S. Hayward, Susumu Tonegawa

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

A tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer element that is associated with the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus is defined. In a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that contains a translocated c-myc gene this enhancer is retained on the 14q⁺ chromosome and occurs within sequences shown to activate previously cryptic promoters of the c-myc gene.

Two Transcription Products Of The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Genome May Control L-Cell Protein Synthesis, David D. Dunigan, Jean M. Lucas-Lenard

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

When mouse L-cells are infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, there is a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis ranging from 20 to 85% of that in mock-infected cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus, irradiated with increasing doses of UV light, eventually loses this capacity to inhibit protein synthesis. The UV inactivation curve was biphasic, suggesting that transcription of two regions of the viral genome is necessary for the virus to become inactivated in this capacity. The first transcription product corresponded to about 373 nucleotides, and the second corresponded to about 42 nucleotides. Inhibition of transcription of the larger product by irradiating …

Evidence For The Horizontal Acquisition Of Murine Akr Virogenes By Recent Horizontal Infection Of The Germ Line, Stephen J. O'Brien, Janet L. Moore, Malcolm A. Martin, James E. Womack

Biology Faculty Articles

Several recent reports have established the biological and molecular genetic similarity between the endogenous AKV virus of strain AKR, and an N-ecotropic endogenous virus found in the genome of feral Japanese mice, Mus musculus molossinus. The similarities are so striking as to suggest a common origin of these viruses, which are present in some, but not all, inbred mouse strains. The virogenes of AKR mice may have been acquired by either: (a) common descent of AKR (and other AKV⁺ strains) from a common ancestor of AKR and molossinus animals, or (b) horizontal germ line infection of the AKR …

Immunochemical Studies Of Conjugates Of Isomaltosyl Oligosaccharides To Lip I. Antigenicity Of The Glycolipids And The Production Of Specific Antibodies In Rabbits, Charles Wood, Elvin Kabat

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The antigenicity of lipids is still ill-defined, and there is very little evidence that any pure lipid by itself will act as an antigen . To produce an immune response they must be complexed with or coupled to carriers (1-6) . Only glycosphingolipids and phosphatides have been found to function as haptens when mixed with carriers such as serum albumin (7), methylated bovine serum albumin (8), or other auxillary lipids (9-11), or when the glycolipid was incorporated into liposomes (12). Antibodies to glycolipids are usually directed primarily against the carbohydrate moiety (1, 7, 13, 14), and there is little evidence …

Isolation And Enumeration Of Enteric Viruses From Primary Wastewater Sludge, Michael Wayne Nath

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The presence of large numbers of enteric viruses in wastewaters has resulted in concern regarding their significance and consequences for humans. Assessments of relative significance or consequences may most accurately be made following precise measurements of the range of virus types and amounts in wastewaters and sludges and after epidemiological considerations. In this study, results are presented pertaining to enteric virus isolation, concentration, and enumeration from primary wastewater sludges.

As an integral part of a comparison of isolation procedures, several anionic surfactants were examined for extraction of enteric viruses from primary wastewater sludges. Plaquing efficiencies for poliovirus type 2 and …

An Immunochemical Study Of The Combining Sites Of The Second Lectin Isolated From Bandeiraea Simplicifolia (Bs Ii), Charles Wood, E. A. Kabat, S. Ebisu, Irwin J. Goldstein

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Two lectins with different binding specificities have been isolated from extracts of seeds of Bandeiraea simplicifolia. The first, Bandeiraea lectin I [11] was specific for terminal non-reducing αDGalactosyl residues. It reacted with B substances from human ovarian cysts and with several galactomannans to form precipitin lines in agar gels. Polysaccharides with terminal αDGalactosyl residues, such as larch galactan, did not react. The lectin agglutinated B erythrocytes strongly but also reacted to a lower titre with A₁ and very weakly with A₂ erythrocytes [15, 28] indicating that terminal non-reducing αDGalNAc [24] can …

Bvr-1, A Restriction Locus Of A Type C Rna Virus In The Feline Cellular Genome: Pleiotropic Restriction Of Endogenous Balb Virus In Cat X Mouse Somatic Cell Hybrids, Stephen J. O'Brien, Janice M. Simonson

Biology Faculty Articles

Bvr-1 is a dominant X-linked feline gene which restricts the replication of B-tropic murineleukemia virus (B-MuLV) in somatic cell hybrids between murine BALB/c-RAG cells and FL-74 feline cells. Since the hybrids were originally derived by the hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine selection scheme, counter selection experiments on 6-thioguanine result in preferential survival of hybrid cells which have spontaneously lost the feline X-chromosome on which is located the structural gene for hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyl transferase, E.C. 2.4.2.8) and Bvr-1. Back selected Bvr-1^- cells express high parental levels of B-MuLV. Bvr-1^- effectively restricts the IdU-mediated induction of …

Simplified Method For Efficient Intravascular Inoculation Of Chicken Embryos, Clayton L. Kelling, I. A. Schipper

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The simple syringe-stabilizer unit described in this note provides a means for rapid intravascular inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with minimal embryonic death from vascular trauma.

The Effect Of Urea On The Sedimentation Coefficient Of The Curly Top Virus Dimer, Allen H. Smith

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The purpose of this project is to investigate the effect of increasing concentrations of urea on the sedimentation rate of the curly top virus dimer as measured by ultracentrifugation techniques. In general, urea causes the breaking of hydrogen bonds in macromolecules--in the case of the virus, increased concentrations of urea should cause changes in the configuration of the virus and may possibly cause a separation of the dimer into monomers. From previous centrifugation studies, we know that the dimer has a characteristic sedimentation coefficient(S) of about 80 Svedbergs; the monomer has an S value of about 55 Svedberg units. Increased …

Detection Of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Virus (Ncdv) And Human Infant Reolike Diarrhea Virus, Martin Wyatt Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnostic test and conduct a survey for the neonatal calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) and human infant reolike diarrhea virus. Two immunologic methods were developed in this investigation.

Immune electron microscopy (IEM) and the fluorescent viral precipitin test (FVPT) are the methods used to detect NCDV and the human virus. Both methods are based upon the principle that viral aggregates form when the virus is reacted with anti-NCDV antibody. Aggregates in the IEM method are negatively stained and observed with the use of an electron microscope. Fluorescein labeled antibody is used in …

Characterization Of A Bovine Parvovirus, Thomas J. Langpap

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bovine parvovirus has been shown to produce calf scours (40). Although exact figures are unavailable, a sizeable economic loss is suffered annually by South Dakotans as a result of this disease. Bovine parvovirus has been isolated in South Dakota (7). However, the extent of exposure to the virus is unknown. The object of this study is to characterize the South Dakota parvovirus isolate and determine by serological methods the extent of exposure in cattle. A preliminary study to determine the ability of parvovirus to cause abortion in cattle will also be undertaken.

Comparison Of The Direct Agglutination And Indirect Hemagglutination Tests In The Determination Of Blood Serum Titers To Escherichia Coli Organisms, I. A. Schipper, Clayton L. Kelling, H. Ebeltoft, D. Graves

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

A comparison of the direct agglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of blood serum antibodies to Escherichia coli organisms indicated that these serological tests were comparable. In some instances the indirect hemagglutination test provided higher endpoint readings. Preparation of the antigens for the indirect hemagglutination test was more time consuming than for the direct agglutination test. Crude extract and purified polysaccharides were comparable as red blood cell sensitizing agents.

New Laboratory For Virus Disease Studies, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Exotic diseases continually pose a threat to Australia's animal industries and the consequences of major outbreak could be disastrous.

If an outbreak should occur, it is essential that clinical diagnosis is confirmed without delay for control measures to be effective.

The completion of the new Virology Laboratory provides a building in which most exotic viral diseases could be handled with safety for diagnostic purposes in the event of an outbreak.

Application Of 125i To The Detection And Assay Of Viruses And Viral Antibody Adsorbed To Latex Particles, Charles Steven Duvall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study, then, was undertaken to develop a universal, in vitro, extracellular method utilizing fluorescence and radioactive ¹²⁵I to rapidly detect, identify, and quantitate pathogenic viruses and viral antibodies. Focus of the study is the CLAM model, which consists of inert latex particles, plus four radioactively labeled components: antibody, virus, enzyme (RNase) and fluorochrome (FITC).

Properties Of Salmonella Phage P3 After Subjection To Host-Controlled Modification By Passage Through E. Coli K-12, Benjamin J. Siapco

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Five new bacteriophages were isolated from lysogenic S. potsdam in this laboratory. Group B phages (P3 and P9a) were found to have unique properties, including their capability to infect strains of E. coli K-12 and E. coli C⁺/L. Passage of the phages through these hosts modified them (host-controlled modification) so that their ability to infect their original host, S. potsdam, was reduced and only 1-4 per million were able to form plaques.

To help elucidate the biochemical basis of host-controlled modification in the Salmonella potsdam group of bacteriophages, the clear plaque mutant of one of them, P3-c …

Swine Fever And African Swine Fever, V W. Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PIGS may become infected by viruses which also cause disease in other animals (for instance foot-and-mouth disease) but there are two virus diseases worthy of special mention because they cause clinical disease in pigs only.

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus In Western Australia, W A. Shipton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

BARLEY yellow dwarf virus disease was first positively identified in Western Australia in 1961.

Records indicate that symptoms approximating those later found to be caused by this disease were reported as early as 1936.

A Comparative Study Of The Growth Of Polyoma Virus In Two Secondary Cell Lines: Mouse Lymphoma And Normal Mouse Fibroblasts, Rheeta M. Stecker

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In comparing the growth of polyoma virus in secondary cell cultures of a mouse lymphoma (P388D₁, a known polyoma-supporting strain) and normal mouse fibroblasts (Earle’s L cells), the following observations have been made.

The L cell is capable of supporting the growth of the polyoma virus with reproduction and release of infectious particles. Viruses appear in the fluid from time to time over a period of several weeks. This probably represents a carrier state of the virus in L cells. Many of the L cells in infected cultures are not killed by the virus infection.

Virus particles released …

Common Bean Mosaic, W P. Cass Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

COMMON bean mosaic is a widespread disease which attacks both dwarf and pole bean varieties.

The disease is caused by an infective principle or virus which spreads throughout the sap of affected plants, and causes both delayed maturity and drastic reduction in yield.

Improving Potato Seed, James P. Fallon

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

SOME of the oldest records of potato cultivation show that throughout the ages it has been generally accepted that periodically, a change of seed is essential, and the only means of maintaining satisfactory yields in crops.

Even today most potato growers are familiar with the term "run out" as applied to any particular line of potatoes which tends to progressively decrease in vigour and productivity when planted from year to year.

Replicating Single-Cycle Adenovirus Vectors Generate Amplified Influenza Vaccine Responses, Catherine M. Crosby, William E. Matchett, Stephanie S. Anguiano-Zarate, Christopher A. Parks, Eric A. Weaver, Larry R. Pease, Richard J. Webby, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Head-to-head comparisons of conventional influenza vaccines with adenovirus (Ad) gene-based vaccines demonstrated that these viral vectors can mediate more potent protection against influenza virus infection in animal models. In most cases, Ad vaccines are engineered to be replication-defective (RD-Ad) vectors. In contrast, replication-competent Ad (RC-Ad) vaccines are markedly more potent but risk causing adenovirus diseases in vaccine recipients and health care workers. To harness antigen gene replication but avoid production of infectious virions, we developed “single-cycle” adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors. Previous work demonstrated that SC-Ads amplify transgene expression 100-fold and produce markedly stronger and more persistent immune responses than RD-Ad vectors …