Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Social Physique Anxiety Levels, Body Mass Index, And Program Type On Exercise Adherence And Reasons For Exercise, Colleen N. Vandever

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare adult females across various age groups, body mass index, and exercise facilities on their levels of social physique anxiety, reasons for exercise, and adherence rates over an 8-week period. Female members of the Eastern Illinois University Adult Fitness Program (n = 14), Curves for Women (n = 19), and the Sarah Bush Lincoln Health Center Employee Wellness Program (n = 14) took part in the study. Two age group categories were made: 30-50 (n = 21) and 51+ (n = 26) in order to compare female age groups. Specifically, the purposes of …

The Effects Of Strength Training On The Bone Mineral Density Of Aerobically Trained Perimenopausal Women, Jill Marie Kowalski

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if a strength training program has an effect on the bone mineral density of aerobically trained perimenopausal women. The study also hoped to determine if high intensity strength training with low repetitions will result in a greater increase in bone density as compared with low intensity strength training with high repetitions. The duration of the study was six months.

The participants were twenty-five aerobically trained perimenopausal female volunteers. They were randomly selected to be in one of three groups. Group 1 was the aerobic control where the participants continued with their aerobic …

The Effect Of Two States Of Hydration On Muscular Endurance In Men, Melissa L. Petrucci

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two states of hydration has an effect on muscular endurance in men. Two groups of four men randomly assigned to each group participated in both states of hydration. Both groups were tested at baseline for height, weight, intra- and extra-cellular water, total body water, and a one-repetition maximum strength test. Subjects were then tested after a 24 hour period of water deprivation, and after a 24 hour period of normal water intake (8 ten oz glasses of water). A urine specific gravity test, intra- and extra-cellular water, total body …

Does Creatine Supplementation Increase Muscle Strength In Women?, Tricia Cross

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to see if creatine supplementation increased muscular strength in women. Ten females were assigned to either a creatine (CG) or a placebo (PG) group with five subjects in each. The study lasted five weeks with one week of pre-testing, three weeks of creatine use which included one week of loading (12-13 g/day for seven days) and two weeks of maintenance (3-4 g/day for 14 days), and one week of post testing. Pre- and post-test strength were measured with a one repetition maximal lift (1RM) on the bench press and the leg press. All subjects …

A Comparison Of The Health Belief Model And Stages Of Change In Exercise Behavior Construct In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Tracey Phillips

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the STAGES theoretical constructs in the uncovering of influencing factors associated with exercise compliance behaviors in cardiac rehabilitation subjects.

Sixty subjects who had experienced a cardiac event and who were attending a phase II outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program participated in this study. A questionnaire regarding health beliefs and exercise behavior classification was administered. Questions pertained to general health motivations, effectiveness of the intervention, perception of disease severity, perception of susceptibility and the stage of exercise behavior.

An analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc comparison statistical …

The Effects Of Habitual Physical Activity On Number Of Colds And Incidence Of Cold Symptoms, Katie Lynn Maniatis

Masters Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to compare frequency of colds and symptoms of upper respiratory infection in college students who have different levels of habitual physical activity. Subjects were Eastern Illinois University students (N=535, aged 18-25). A survey was conducted which included questions inquiring about demographic information, physical activity habits, the number of colds contracted the month before the survey, and symptom number and severity. Data collection occurred between February 12th and March 1st, 1998. This particular time period was chosen for several reasons, including that student stress level should have been lower than at the beginning or end …

A Comparison Of Measures In Physical Fitness And Biological Maturity Between Female Gymnasts And Females Not Involved In Organized Sport, Cara Kokenes

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in physical fitness and biological development between two groups of twelve year old females. One group consisted of idividuals who had been involved in competitive sport for at least two years while the other group was not involved in organized sport. Two groups of 20 subjects were examined in terms of height, weight, flexibility, strength, body composition, maturation, eating attitudes, and cardiorespiratory endurance. The results indicated that the gymnasts were significantly (p<.05) shorter, lighter, stronger in regard to left hand grip strength, lower in percent body fat, less biologically mature, and had greater cardiorespiratory fitness than the non-gymnasts. No significant differences were observed in right hand grip strength or eating attitudes. It was concluded that maturation level as well as gymnastic training played a major role in influencing values obtained through measurements of physical fitness.

Physiological Responses Among Power Air Ball, Spri Tube, And Arm Movement During Step Aerobics, Lisa Dallas

Masters Theses

This study compared caloric expenditure between three step aerobic dance routines (STEP) using the same arm movements; one without any upper body resistive exercise product (ARM), one with a 2 lb. Power Air Ball (BALL), and one with a Spri Tube (TUBE). Twenty-seven college aged females familiar with step aerobics volunteered to be subjects. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured using the Bruce protocol. A 55 minute video was followed for each of the STEP routines to control for arm and leg movement. The order of the STEP routines was randomly assigned. An Aerosport TEEM 100 gas analyzer calculated and recorded …

A Comparison Of Two Isotonic Resistance Training Routines For Individuals With Above Average Strength, Craig L. Kruse

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals, possessing above average strength in the bench press exercise, would improve their 1RM more by using an experimental resistance training program as compared to a program of a more traditional nature.

Seventeen male subjects between the age 18 and 26 years, mean age 21.8 years, who were considered to have an above average strength level in the bench press exercise (a bench press strength to body weight ratio, S/BW, greater than 1.00) participated in this study. The subjects had an average S/BW of 1.17. All the subjects trained three alternate …

Frequency Of Attainment Of Plateau In Maximal Oxygen Consumption In Differentially Trained Athletes, Jeffrey Michael Seda

Masters Theses

A plateau in oxygen consumption during exercise testing has been considered a requisite indicator of achievement of true maximal oxygen consumption. The wide range of reported percentages of subjects revealing a plateau (7 to 80 percent) indicates that closer analysis of factors that may influence plateau attainment is necessary. This study examined the frequency of plateau attainment in two groups of differentially trained subjects. One group (TR) of 12 males (ages 18-36) were trained runners and the other group (WL) of 12 males (ages 18-31) consisted of trained weight lifters. The subjects participated in a series of maximal exercise tests …

The Effect Of Heart Rate And Rating Of Perceived Exertion While Exercising On The Stairmaster 4000pt With And Without Upper Body Support, Nicole Lamkin

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if any differences exists between heart rate and rating of perceive exertion during exercise on the StairMaster 4000pt with and without upper body support. Thirteen female intercollegic athletes were examined during a 1.5 mile run and eight minutes of supported and eight minutes of non-supported StairMaster exercise. The subjects worked at a slow step rate for the first two minutes (4.9 METs) and the last six minutes each subject worked at 70% of their submaximal level achieved on the 1.5 mile run. Variables measured included HR and RPE. A one factor ANOVA …

Cardiovascular Responses Of Trained Cyclists To Different Pedaling Rates At A Constant Power Output On A Cycle Ergometer, David C. Immke

Masters Theses

Previous research has not resolved the issue as to which pedaling rate is the most efficient in terms of oxygen uptake (VO₂) for competitive cyclists. The purpose of this study was to determine the most efficient pedaling rate (30, 60, or 90 rpm) at steady state submaximal cycling (720 kpm/min) for trained cyclists. Eight healthy subjects (all male) were examined during steady state exercise for each of the three trials for which work rate was kept constant with varying pedal rate and resistance. Variables included oxygen uptake, cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, arterio-venous O₂ difference, respiratory …

Effects Of Music And Sensory Deprivation On Ratings Of Perceived Exertion And Exercise Affect, James Chinery

Masters Theses

Music as an ergogenic aid is a novel concept, and one that has been sporadically researched. The purpose of this thesis was to study the effects of music and sensory deprivation on ratings of perceived exertion during exercise.

Eleven active males (i.e. they exercised at least 3 times a week), were tested in three different conditions (music, sensory deprivation, control). They exercised in each condition, at workloads corresponding to 50, 70 and 90% of their maximal oxygen consumption. The sessions and workloads within each session were randomized.

No significant differences were found for heart rate between conditions. Significantly lower perceived …

The Effect Of Age On Recovery Of Heart Rate After Exercise, Shari A. Delisle

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if heart rate recovery, following exercise, of active women aged between 50-63 years was significantly slower than the recovery of active women aged 23-24 years when both groups exercised at the same relative perceived intensity. Ten female subjects, five young and five older, were tested during a five minute bout of treadmill exercise while working at a rating of perceived exertion(RPE) of 14. Heart rate was measured prior to and during testing and into recovery using the Vantage Performance Monitor. The time, measured in seconds, it took for each subject to drop …

An Electromyographic Study Of Forward Vs Retrograde Stair Climbing On The Stairmaster 4000 Pt Machine, W. Lynette Rasmussen Thornburgh

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate, through electromyography, whether forward or retrograde stair climbing on the StairMaster 4000 PT machine demonstrates a greater muscle contraction duration, differences in intensity of muscle contractions, or variation in initiation of muscle contractions. The muscles examined were the Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, and Biceps Femoris. A gender difference was also evaluated.

Twenty-one subjects apparently healthy volunteered for this study. There were two groups of ten male subjects and eleven female subjects. Subjects were assigned to subgroups according to gender. The subgroups determined which position the subject was tested in first.

The descriptive …

The Effect Of Downhill Running Training On 200m And 2000m Running Performance, Jacquilyn L. Gallagher

Masters Theses

Downhill running as a method of training for improved running performance is an option which has rarely been explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the idea that downhill interval training may be an effective form of improving efficiency and thus, performance time, in 200m and 2000m level running by producing increases in both stride length (SL) and stride frequency (SF).

To test this hypothesis, twelve fit male subjects were divided into two training groups, downhill (D) and level (L), matched on the basis of a 2000m time trial performance and VO_2max. The dependant variables of …

Improving Swimming Economy Of Novice, Adult, Female Swimmers By Training On A Väsa Swim Trainer, Loreen K. Mattson

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if the swimming economy of novice, adult, female swimmers can be increased by training on a Väsa Swim Trainer. Economy of swimming was defined as either: 1) decreased submaximal oxygen consumption (VO₂); 2) decreased oxygen consumption per given distance (VO₂/d); 3) decrease ratio of arm stroke cycles per given distance to swimming velocity (ASI); and 4) decrease submaximal heart rate (HR).

Eight females between the age of 35 to 60 years, mean age 50.4, who were considered to be novice swimmers (average 45.7 meter lap time greater than …

The Effect Of Horseback Riding Activity On The Tibialis Anterior, Vastus Lateralis, And Rectus Abdominis Of A Paraplegic, Laurie A. Price

Masters Theses

Horses are now being used in various programs under various conditions. The use of horses for therapy and recreation for the physically and mentally disabled first began in Germany and Switzerland. The United States now has many schools and different riding programs as well.

Riding seems to be especially beneficial to those with neurological impairments. Treatment of paraplegia is very limited but recreational activities are advancing. The use of the horse is beneficial for paraplegics emotionally as well as physically. Measurements and evaluations of these benefits are lacking. This project analyzes and measures the physical benefits of horseback riding on …

Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Electromyographic, And Rpe Responses To Isotonic Versus Isokinetic Exercise Performed On The Monark And Fitron Bicycle Ergometers, Patrice Annette Keil

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if any differences exist in relative efficiency of the subjects when riding a Monark bicycle ergometer as compared to a Fitron bicycle ergometer ridden at the same work rate. This efficiency was determined from levels of oxygen consumption, exercise heart rates, ratings of perceived exertion, blood pressure, and electromyographic recordings of four right leg muscles during exercise bouts on the two different bicycle ergometers.

Seventeen apparently healthy male subjects aged 42 to 78 years performed two tests, one on the Monark bicycle ergometer and one on the Fitron bicycle ergometer. Each test …

Steady State Oxygen Cost Of Arm Ergometry Using The Monark Rehab Trainer, Gregory R. Grazen

Masters Theses

This study was designed to determine the steady state oxygen cost of arm crank ergometry with the Monark Rehab Trainer, a device used for exercise training in many cardiac rehabilitation programs. Fifteen male (25.2 yrs. ± 4.1) and fifteen female (23.8 yrs. ± 4.0) subjects were tested in the seated position with the mid-point of the crank wheel adjusted to shoulder height. No attempt was made to stabilize the shoulder girdle, as this is typically not done when training with this device. The test protocol for both groups consisted of progressive three minute work stages followed by a thirty second …

The Effect Of Caloric Restriction And Exercise On Plasma Lipid And Lipoprotein Concentration, Jeffrey J. Zachwieja

Masters Theses

The independent and combined effects of exercise training and caloric restriction on the plasma concentration of lipid and lipoprotein was studied. Thirty-two female volunteers were assigned to one of three treatment groups; exercise only, diet only or diet plus exercise. The exercise only group participated in a walk/jog program three days per week. For 30 to 45 minutes these individuals either walked or jogged at a intensity which elicited a heart rate that was 70% of the max heart rate reserve. The diet only group participated in a behavior modification weight loss program which restricted caloric intake to 1200 kcals …

Stress And Anxiety Levels Of Exercising Versus Sedentary Male Adults, Michael James Hanley

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare stress and anxiety levels of exercising and sedentary male adults at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois.

Forty-four male adults were selected as subjects for the study. Thirty-two subjects were chosen from an Adult Fitness group and comprised the exercising group. The sedentary group, chosen at random, consisted of twelve staff members who were not currently in a regular exercise program.

The Anxiety Scale Questionnaire developed by the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing (IPAT) was used. Using a provided answer key, a raw score was obtained for each participant. Raw scores …

Differences In Maximal Performance Between An Exercise Test On A Monark Bicycle Ergometer And A Racermate Wind Load Simulator, Carmen J. Ritz Haas

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine whether any significant difference in performance exists between a maximal exercise test on a Monark 868 bicycle ergometer and a Racermate II wind load simulator. Performance was measured according to three parameters: maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate and test duration.

Nine trained subjects, five men and four women participated in the study. All subjects bad recently been involved in bicycling for training purposes.

Testing consisted of two trials for each subject, one trial on the bicycle ergometer using a standard protocol and one trial on the wind load simulator using a …

A Comparison Of Two Training Programs In Preparing For The Army Physical Readiness Test, Herbert E. Lattimore

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare two training programs on male Reserve Officers Training Corps students as it is related to a passing score on the Army Physical Readiness Test.

The subjects were sixteen volunteer students who were randomly placed in two groups, formal and informal. Both groups were given a pretest, before beginning the study, to determine if they were equal.

The subjects in both groups trained for four weeks to prepare for the Army physical fitness test. Each group trained three times a week during the training period. The formal group's training was restricted to performing …

Menstrual Cycle Effects On Blood Pressure, Body Weight And Heart Rates During Rest, Exercise And Recovery On College Athletes, Dawn J. Shutter

Masters Theses

Ten members of the Eastern Illinois University women's track team were used as subjects to determine the relationship of body weight, blood pressure and heart rate during rest, exercise and recovery to menstruation.

The subjects were tested on two different occasions. The first test was administered within twenty-four hours of the onset of menstruation. The second test was conducted seven days later. During both testing periods blood pressure, body weight and resting heart rate measurements were taken before beginning the treadmill protocol (progressive grade and speed increases up to 4% and 8 mph, respectively). The subjects ran on a motor …

An Overhand Passing Test For Girls Volleyball, Jarielle L. Harner

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an overhand passing test for experienced volleyball players. The test designed in this study required each player to pass to two different targets, 90 degrees from each other.

The two targets were three feet from the junction of two unobstructed walls. On each wall a horizontal line was taped three feet long and ten feet above the floor. At the end of each horizontal line, a vertical line was taped, extending three feet above the ten foot line and perpendicular to it.

Sixty-three high school girls at Stewardson-Strasburg High School, …

A Factor Analysis Of Physical Fitness Components For Seventh Grade Chinese Students, Chen-Hsing Huang

Masters Theses

The main purpose of this study is to explore the basic elements of physical fitness, which can serve as a source for the construction of a physical fitness test for Chinese students. The subjects of this study are 100 male seventh grade students of junior high school in Kaohsiung City, Republic of China.

A physical fitness test consisting of 29 subtests was devised and used as the basis for the investigation. Data collected from tests were analyzed by means of factor analysis and resulting in the following:

I. Seven basic elements that account for physical fitness were found. They were …

The Effect Of Walk Or Jog Recovery From Anaerobic Work On Blood Lactate Levels And Subsequent Two-Minute Run Performance, Rick Alan Livesey

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a walk or jog recovery on two-minute run performances and the concentrations of blood lactate.

Eight highly trained male subjects were selected from the Eastern Illinois University Track Team. The test procedure consisted of two, maximal two-minute runs on the track for distance, separated by a 30-minute recovery. The recovery consisted of a walk at 20-minutes per mile pace or a jog at 7½ to 8 minutes per mile pace. Venous blood samples were drawn three minutes after the first run, two minutes prior to the second run, and …

A Cardiovascular Exercise Program For A Paraplegic Amputee, Roger D. Wells

Masters Theses

The intent of the study was to establish a ten week cardiovascular exercise program for a paraplegic amputee and evaluate the effects through a selected battery of physiological tests and measurements. Included were body weight, skinfold thickness, reaction time, grip strength, static and dynamic lung volumes, heart rate, blood pressure, resting VO2 and maximum VO2. A careful training record was kept and the subject also made observations concerning his feelings about the training.

The subject, D.L.W. was a 37 year old male faculty member at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois. He was given a complete physical examination and a …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Two Therapeutic Exercises On The Muscle Action Potential Of The Vastus Medialis, Janet J. Lozar

Masters Theses

Electromyography was utilized to compare the effects of two therapeutic exercises at two work loads in knee extension on the muscle action potential in the vastus medialis. One exercise was extension to 180 degrees with a four second isometric hold and flexion to 90 degrees. The other exercise was extension to 180 degrees, 15 degrees flexion, 15 degrees extension and flexion to 90 degrees. Each exercise lasted for 10 seconds.

The subjects in the study were 11 varsity female athletes from the fall and winter interscholastic athletic program at Eastern Illinois University. The subjects met for the first time to …