Parasitology Commons^™

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xxi. Taxonomy, Morphological Variation, And Ecology Of Diphyllobothrium Ursi N. Sp. Provis On Kodiak Island, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

According to Eguchi (1934), two species of salmon (Oncorhynchus) serve as a source of human infection by a cestode identified as Diphyllobothrium latum (Linnaeus, 1758), in Japan. The possible role of these fishes in the transmission of cestodes to humans and other animals has not been investigated in North America, nor, apparently, on the Eurasian mainland. However, Ward (1930) reported unidentified Diphyllobothrium-like plerocercoids from Alaskan salmon; Simms and Shaw (1931) collected plerocercoids identified as D. cordiceps (Leidy, 1871) from Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) from lakes in Oregon; and Wardle (1932) reported plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium spp. from O. kisutch …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xxii. Paranoplocephala Wigginsi N. Sp., A Cestode From An Arctic Ground Squirrel, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During the summer of 1953, Mr. Edward T. Roche, of the Department of Zoology, University of Southern California, continued observations on the life history of the ground squirrel, Citellus undulatus barrowensis (Merriam), along the Meade River south of Point Barrow, Alaska. In the course of this work, 55 ground squirrels were examined for intestinal parasites, and were found commonly to harbor cestodes. Mr. Roche kindly offered a number of these cestodes to the writer for study, and they represent an undescribed species of Paranoplocephala Liihe, 1910.

In appreciation of the generous cooperation extended to the personnel of this laboratory by …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xx. The Histogenesis Of The Alveolar Larva Of Echinococcus Species, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The occurrence of the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) in a microtine rodent, Clethrionomys rutilus Pallas, on Bering Island was reported by Barabash-Nikiforov (1938) and Afanas'ev (1941). Rausch and Schiller (1951) reported this cestode from tundra voles, Microtus oeconomus Pallas, collected on St. Lawrence Island. Further observations have shown that it occurs also in C. rutilus in the same location. Both species of rodents have a wide circumboreal distribution.

The Taxonomic Value And Variability Of Certain Structures In The Cestode Genus Echinococcus (Rudolphi, 1801) And A Review Of Recognized Species, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Although cestodes of the genus Echinococcus have been much studied in the past, there is need for an evaluation of these morphological characters used as the basis for species differentiation. The generous cooperation of other investigators in providing necessary foreign material and the results of nearly five years of field work in Alaska make possible such a study. It is the purpose of the paper to evaluate morphological characters used at the species level to differentiate these cestodes, and to review the status of species currently considered valid.

On The Status Of Some Arctic Mammals, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The mammal fauna of arctic Alaska is comprised of about thirty species, most of which are widely distributed. A few of these are essentially nearctic species, having extended their range northwestward during post-Pleistocene time. The majority, however, consists of forms which are either circumboreal in their distribution, or which have closely-related palearctic counterparts-considered specifically distinct hy most North American mammalogists. Sorne of the foremost Old World workers, however, do not agree that Bering Strait constitutes a barrier which effectively separates the Old World fauna from the New.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xiii. Disease In The Sea Otter, With Special Reference To Helminth Parasites, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During the spring of 1951, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service undertook the removal of sea otter, Enhydra lutris (L)., from the Aleutian Island of Amchitka, for the purpose of restocking range from which the animals have long been exterminated. The decision to undertake this activity was influenced by the nature of military operations planned for the island later the same year. The capture and removal of the otter were under the supervision of Mr. Robert D. Jones, Biologist, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Heavy losses among the animals shortly after capture made the venture unsuccessful. Many deaths …

Science And Public Health Research In Alaska: Animal-Borne Diseases [Phr Brief], Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The study of diseases transmissible from lower vertebrates to man has been carried on since 1948 in Alaska by the Arctic Health Research Center. Emphasis to date has been placed on diseases of helminthic origin. This brief covers hydtaid disease, trichinosis, diphyllobothriasis, as well as rabies and tularemia.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xiv. Some Cestode Parasites Of The Aleutian Teal (Anus Crecca L.) With The Description Of Diorchis Longiovum N. Sp., Everett Schiller

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Aleutian teal (Anas Crecca nimia Friedmann) has been relatively unavailable for helminth investigations by American workers because its range in North America is restricted to the western-most Aleutian Islands.

During some parasitological studies on Amchitka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in May and early June 1952, in connection with sea otter mortality, the writer had the opportunity to collect 20 adult Aleutian teal. These birds, consisting of 16 males (average weight, 392 grams) and 4 females (average weight, 353 grams) were taken at the beginning of the nesting season, Autopsies revealed that 16 (80%) of these ducks were parasitized by cestodes. …

On The Land Mammals Of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The mammals occurring on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, represent species which are widely distributed in boreal regions. They are not well known, however, and are poorly represented in collections. In the past, some of these mammals have been regarded as being specifically distinct from closely related forms occurring on the adjacent continents. It is the purpose of this paper to present some new data on these mammals, with particular reference to their taxonomy.

Two New Species Of Prosorhynchinae (Trematoda: Gasterostomata) From The Fiji Islands, Harold W. Manter

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The following trematodes are part of a collection made by the author at Suva, Fiji in 1951.

1. Prosorhynchus squamatus Odhner, 1905 is believed to be distinct from P. crucibulus and most other species in the genus on the basis of its oval-shaped rhynchus. It thus remains, as originally, the type species of the genus.

2. Prosorhynchus thapari n. sp. is described from Plectropoma maculatum (Bloch) from Suva, Fiji. The "P. facilis (Ozaki, 1924)" of Nagaty (1937) is considered to be a synonym.

3. Neidhartia polydactyli n. sp. is described from Polydactylus plebius (Bonnaterre) from Suva, Fiji.

Some Monogenetic Trematodes Of Marine Fishes From Fiji, H. W. Manter, Donald F. Prince

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This paper describes three new species of monogenetic trematodes collected by the senior author from fishes at Suva, Fiji, in 1951. A new genus is named for one of these species. A fourth species, previously known from India, is identified. Parasites of the numerous fishes of the South Pacific have been studied very little and, so far as we can learn, no Monogenea has been reported from this region. One difficulty met in collecting there was lack of adequate identification of the hosts. In these particular cases, only the common or native names of the fishes were obtained. Often, however, …

Hydatid Disease In Boreal Regions, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

It is the purpose of this paper to review the status of hydatid disease (caused by Echinococcus spp.) in the boreal regions of the world. Its importance has long been recognized in Eurasian countries, but only during recent years have investigators added anything significant to the knowledge of hydatid disease in North America. There is need to disseminate up-to-date information among medical workers in Canada and Alaska, where the disease is endemic in northern regions having a large aboriginal population. Therefore, particular emphasis will be placed on the situation in boreal North America.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xi. Helminth Parasites Of Microtine Rodents--Taxonomic Considerations, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A survey of the helminth parasites of Alaskan rodents has been carried on by the writer since the winter of 1948-1949, as a continuation of an investigation begun in the central United States in 1942. Results of this work indicate that, despite the size of the Territory of Alaska, the survey is complete enough to furnish a reasonable knowledge of the species of helminths parasitic in microtine rodents in Alaska. Information derived from previous investigations serves as a standard against which the completeness of the present work may be judged. In the writer's opinion, the continuation of this work on …

Helminths From The Round-Tailed Muskrat, Neofiber Alleni Nigrescens Howell, With Descriptions Of Two New Species, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two specimens of round-tailed muskrat, Neofiber alleni nigrescens Howell, were examined for helminth parasites. Four species, a trematode and three cestodes, were collected. Two of these, Quinqueserialis floridensis and Paranoplocephala neofibrinus, are described as new. Cittotaenia praecoquis Stiles, 1895, is recorded from this host, and larval cestodes are tentatively identified as Taenia lyncis Skinker, 1935.

Notes On Some Trematodes Parasiti,C In Alaskan Canidae, Bert B. Babero, Robert Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Except for the report of Hadwen (1922) and a few miscellaneous records, little information is available relative to the helminth parasites infecting canine animals in Alaska. During the past two years, 520 autopsies on can ids have been performed in connection with the investigation of animal-borne diseases. The purpose of this note is to record the occurrence of four species of trematodes observed in Alaskan can ids during the course of these studies; one species is apparently reported for the first time from North America. These four parasites are mentioned separately below:

Metorchis albidus (Braun, 1833)

Ackert (1937) recorded this …

Notes On The Nunamiut Eskimo And Mammals Of The Anaktuvuk Pass Region, Brooks Range, Alaska, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Covers the physical attributes (physiography, climate and vegetation) of the Brooks Range, Alaska, as well as the Numamuit Eskimo people who lived there in the 1940s and before (including information about their livelihood, history, dwellings, clothing, food, transportation and hunting implements), and includes a list and description of the mammals that lived there (including shrews, grizzly bears, foxes, wolves, martens, ermines, weasels, minks, wolverines, otters, lynxes, hares, marmots, ground squirrels, red squirrels, lemmings, voles, beavers, porcupines, moose, caribou and sheep).

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Vii. On Some Helminths From Arctic Marmots With The Description Of Catenotaenia Reggiae N. Sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among Alaskan mammals examined for helminthic parasites during 1950 was a series of marmots, Marmota caligata broweri Hall and Gilmore, 1934, from the Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska. The animals were collected a few miles south of Tolugak Lake (lat. 68° 24' N, long. 151° 26' W), and from the vicinity of Kanayut Lake, about 15 miles northeast of Tolugak Lake. This distinctive marmot has been hitherto represented in collections only by the three specimens comprising the type material. In addition to greatly extending the known range of this form, the collection of these specimens also contributes the first information on …

Studien An Der Helminthenfauna Von Alaska. Iv. Haploparaxis Galli N. Sp., Ein Cestode Aus Dem Schneehuhn, Lagopus Rupestris (Gmelin) = Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Iv., Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eine neue Haploparaxis--Art, H. galli, aus dem Darm des Schneehuhns, Lagopus rupestris (Gmelin), wird beschrieben und von den verwandten Formen differenziert. Die typische Lokalität ist Tolugaksee, Brooksgebirge, arktisches Alaska.

The Acanthocephalan Parasites Of Eider Ducks, Harley J. Van Cleave, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Because of their wide geographical distribution through arctic and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere, the eider ducks offer some unusual opportunities for the study .of distribution and hostrelations of their parasites. When the Acanthocephala from eider ducks were first studied, the fauna of each continent was regarded as distinct, because it had been reasonably well established that the majority of species of these parasites encounter~d in the United States were distinct from those found in central Europe. This belief failed to take into account the fact that in the arctic the usual distributional bartl:ers to both the definitive and …

Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis) In Alaska And The Importance Of Rodent Intermediate Hosts, Robert L. Rausch, Everett L. Schiller

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Hydatid disease, caused by the larval form of a tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786), is of circumpolar distribution, but has not previously been considered to be of much public health significance in North America. It is the purpose of this paper to present observations on this disease in Alaska, with special reference to its transmission to humans.

Biotic Interrelationships Of Helminth Parasitism, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Biotic interrelationships in Alaska have so far suffered little from man's attempts to improve upon nature. As a result of these favorable circumstances, biological investigation in Alaska offers unusual opportunity for elucidating problems which can no longer be approached in the more populated parts of North America. One is very fortunate to have the opportunity of working under these conditions, since present trends indicate that Alaska is soon to go by the way of the great wildernesses which once existed in the United States and Canada.

Observations On A Cyclic Decline Of Lemmings (Lemmus) On The Arctic Coast Of Alaska During The Spring Of 1949, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The importance to the biotic community of various species of lemmings in arctic and subarctic regions has long been recognized, but there is little known about the ecology of these mammals. of the two species that occur on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, namely, the collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus rubricatus (Richardson), and the brown lemming, Lemmus trimucronatus alascensis Merriam, during the spring of 1949 the writer had the good fortune to observe a cyclic decline in the population of the brown lemming on the Arctic Coast of Alaska. Observations were made during the peak density preceding this decline and were …

A Preliminary Note On Trichinosis Investigations In Alaska, P. J. Brandly, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Trichinosis in the arctic regions of the world has received considerable attention during recent years, particularly since the work of Roth (1948) in Greenland. In Connell's (1949) review of arctic trichinosis some Alaskan and Canadian records were included but, until now, little has been known of the status of the disease in Alaska. Information available at the present time indicates that the incidence of trichinosis is high in circumpolar carnivores and that marine mammals have a definite place in its epizootiology. Present knowledge cannot explain the survival of trichinosis in marine mammal populations, but it is evident that they may …

A New Species Of The Acanthocephalan Genus Arhythmorhynchus From Sandpipers Of Alaska, Harley J. Van Cleave, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In the spring of 1949, a survey of the parasites of birds of Alaska, especially in the vicinity of Juneau, was conducted by Robert L. Rausch and Ralph B. Williams. Among the Acanthocephala encountered there were specimens of the genus Arhythmorhynchus in two species of sandpipers, Erolia ptilocnemis couesi (Ridgway) (the Aleutian sandpiper) and Erolia alpina pacifica (Vieillot) (the red-backed sandpiper). This parasite was present in such numbers as to make morphological and taxonomic study profitable. The species is clearly distinct from all other members of the genus and is here described as Arhythmorhynchus comptus n. sp.

Notes On Microtine Rodents From The Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska, Robert L. Rausch, David H. Johnson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In connection with parasitological studies carried on during 1949 for the U.S. Public Health Service, the writer collected a considerable number of mammals from the northern edge of the "Endicott" section of the Brooks Range, in Arctic Alaska. The mammalian fauna of this region is poorly known, since apparently no previous collecting has been done here. About 200 microtine rodents were collected, mostly near Tolugak Lake (latitude 68° 24' N, longitude 151° 26' W), near the head of the Anaktuvuk River Valley. A few specimens were also taken at Umiat, on the Colville River, about 80 miles north of Tolugak …

Observations On Histopathological Changes Associated With Starvation In Wisconsin Deer, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Heavy winter losses in deer, apparently resulting directly from an inadequate food supply, have long been known in the United States. The general situation has been well reviewed by Leopold (1943) and by Leopold, Sowls, and Spencer (1947). There is a conservable volume of literature available concerning deer starvation from the management standpoint. The ill-advised attempts at the total destruction or, at best, the severe reduction of natural predator on deer have resulted in the removal of this important population control.

A New Genus Of Amphistome (Trematoda) From A Tasmanian Marine Fish, Harold W. Manter, Peter W. Crowcroft

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This paper describes a new genus of trematode collected by the junior author from the intestine of Dactylosargus arctidens Gill (kelp fish) from the southern coast of Tasmania. The trematode is an "amphistome" of unusual interest because of the peculiar character of the acetabulum which possesses a posterior pore as well as a ventral opening.

An Ecological Study Of Helminths Of Some Wyoming Voles (Microtus Spp.) With A Description Of A New Species Of Nematospiroides (Heligmosomidae: Nematoda), Merle L. Kuns, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An ecological and taxonomic study of the helminth parasites of voles (Microtus spp.) in the Jackson Hole region of Wyoming is reported.

Nematospiroides microti n. sp. from Microtus montanus nanus and M. richardsoni macropus is described and figured.

A cestode, Paranoplocephala infrequens, and a nematode, Syphacia obvelata, were generally distributed throughout the region in all habitats except the sage flats.

A trematode, Quinqueserialis hassalli, was recovered only from voles collected near streams at low altitudes. This was presumably due to the localized distribution of the molluscan intermediate host.

Four helminths, viz., Hymenolepis horrida, Heligmosomum costellatum …

Studies On Some North American Shrew Cestodes, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In spite of the importance of the various species of shrews to the biotic community, several aspects of their ecology remain very incompletely known. The helminths parasitic in the more conspicuous small mammals in North America have been studied more or less completely, but those occurring in shrews have been largely disregarded. This situation is particularly inappropriate when one considers that shrews often constitute the most abundant mammalian group in a given area. We have attempted to secure an adequate amount of shrew helminth material for study, and it is the purpose of this paper to present observations resulting from …

A Contribution To The Study Of North American Strigeids (Trematoda), Robert L. Rausch, George Dubois

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The material upon which this study is based was collected in the states of Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and consisted entirely of avian parasites. The laboratory work was executed mainly at the Institut de Zoologie of the Université de Neuchâtel (Switzerland). We take this opportunity to thank Dr. Jean G. Baer for making available to us his material and working space.
Fourteen species have been identified, of which 7 are new: Strigea falconis Szidat, Diplostomum gavium (Guberlet), Strigea macroconophora n. sp., Diplostomum repandum n. sp., Apharyngostrigea cornu (Zeder), Mesoophorodiplostomum pricei (Krull), Apatemon gracilis (Rudolphi), Neodiplostomum buteonis n. sp., Cotylurus aquavis …