Parasitology Commons^™

Axenic Ovarial Explants From The Marine Nematode Deontostoma Californicum On Culture Media, D. R. Viglierchio, Armand R. Maggenti, R. N. Johnson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The gonads of Deontostoma californicum were isolated from the organismal environment by dissection. In an attempt to approximate the in vivo condition and to maintain in vitro architecture and function ten media recommended for the culture of insect cells or organs were tested. The media were prepared in two series: one according to published recommendations and the second substituting filtered seawater for the inorganic salts and distilled water. Media were prepared as both liquid and gel (agar) with and without antibiotics. Whole animals and eggs were placed on the same culture media series as the ovarial explants. Ovarial explant reaction …

Zoonotic Diseases In The Changing Arctic, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Compatible with the biotic uniformity of northern regions, the occurrence of certain organisms which cause zoonotic diseases is general throughout the Arctic. In the past, most frequently affected by such diseases have been aboriginal peoples whose way of life involved encroachment upon naturally occurring parasite-host assemblages. Now, as changes take place in socioeconomic conditions in the Arctic, the importance of zoonotic diseases as a cause of morbidity may lessen among such peoples, but on the other hand, more nonaborigines may be affected. Although my remarks relate mainly to Alaska, again the biotic uniformity of the North seems to have its …

Three New Coccidia (Protozoa: Telosporea) From Kingsnakes, Lampropeltis Spp., In Illinois, With A Redescription Of Eimeria Zamenis Phisalix, 1921, David R. Anderson, Donald W. Duszynski, William C. Marquardt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eimeria lampropeltis sp. n., Caryospora lampropeltis sp. n., and Cryptosporidium lampropeltis sp. n. are described from the host Lampropeltis c. calligaster, and Eimeria zamenis is redescribed from this host and from L. getulus holbrooki. Oocysts of E. lampropeltis are ellipsoidal with a smooth outer wall measuring 29 to 38 by 14 to 20 μ, mean 30.4 by 16.3. E. zamenis oocysts are ellipsoidal with a smooth outer wall measuring 28 to 33 by 14 to 19 μ, mean 30.2 by 16.2. Oocysts of Caryospora lampropeltis are round with a finely pitted outer wall measuring 20 to 25 μ …

Isospora Peromysci Davis, 1967, In Northeastern Colorado, Donald W. Duszynski, David R. Anderson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This report constitutes a new geographic record of Isospora peromysci and adds a photomicrograph of the parasite which the original description did not include.

Taxonomic Characters In The Genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taenlidae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Not more than four species of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801, are recognized as valid. The larval stage of at least three of them is able to develop in man, causing respective types of hydatid disease. Accurate characterization of these cestodes, including both larval and adult stages, is essential for identification, upon which depends development of methods for preventing infection of man and domestic animals. Because morphological characteristics of the larval cestodes may be modified according to the species of host in which they develop, identification should be based upon taxonomic characters of specimens from the respective natural …

Parasites Of The Inshore Lizardfish, Synodus Foetens, From South Florida, Including A Description Of A New Genus Of Cestoda, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The parasites of the inshore lizardfish, Synodus foetens, were studied from collections taken from an estuarine canal in south Florida between January 1963 and December 1964. A new genus of Cestoda (Bothriocephalidae) has been erected with the proposed name Anantrum. Several larval and adult helminths and a dinoflagellate were studied from monthly samples of Synodus. Incidence of infection, intensity of infection, location of parasites in the host, and associations among parasites are discussed. Extensions of ranges for parasites in S. foetens and parasites heretofore not recorded from S. foetens are noted.

Fessisentis Necturorum Sp. N. (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae), A Parasite Of The Gulf Coast Waterdog, Necturus Beyeri, Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Specimens of a previously undescribed species of the genus Fessisentis were taken from the Gulf Coast waterdog, Necturus beyeri beyeri, in southeastern Louisiana. This is the third species of the genus to be described and the first published record of Fessisentis from an amphibian. The new species as a shorter body, smaller proboscis hooks, and a proportionately larger proboscis than F. fessus. The species from Necturus has more longitudinal rows of proboscis hooks each with fewer hooks, relatively smaller male genitalia, and proportionately longer lemnisci than F. vancleavei.

Occurrence Of The Trematode Glypthelmins Pennsylvaniensis Cheng, 1961, In Chorus Frogs, Pseudacris Triseriata, In Colorado, John E. Ubelaker, Donald W. Duszynski, Donald L. Beaver

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Glypthelmins pennsylvaniensis has been reported from Hyla crucifer Weid, in Pennsylvania (Cheng, 1961) and in Pseudacris nigrita (LeConte) in Georgia (Byrd and Maples, 1963). This report adds Pseudacris triseriata from Colorado.

A Consideration Of Infraspecific Categories In The Genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801 (Cestoda: Taeniidae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) and E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, have been considered polytypic species, nine and three subspecies, respectively, having been recognized mainly on typological grounds. However, limits of taxonomically significant morphological and physiological variation have not been defined, nor do we know the degree to which such variation is influenced by species of host. With the probable exception of E. g. canadensis Cameron, 1960, the recognized subspecies of E. granulosus occur sympatrically with the nominate subspecies, E. g. granulosus, of European origin. Because there are no well-defined predator-prey relationships which would ensure their ecological isolation, seven of these …

On The Ecology And Distribution Of Echinococcus Spp. (Cestoda: Taeniidae) And Characteristics Of Their Development In The Intermediate Host, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) and E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 [syn. Alveococcus multilocularis (Leuckart, 1863) Abuladze, 1960] are distinguished by well defined biological and developmental characteristics. Obligatory predator-prey relationships of the hosts segregate the two species ecologically under natural conditions. The larval stage of E. granulosus develops slowly in long-lived ungulates, while that of E. multilocularis becomes infective within a few months in intermediate hosts (rodents) having a life expectancy of less than a year.

Existing parasite-host relationships of these cestodes had become established at least as early as late Pleistocene time, and two biologically distinct forms of E. granulosus can …

New Records Of The Pigmy Shrew Microsorex Hoyi (Baird) In Alaska, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The results of extensive trapping (ca. 7000 small mammals from the Alaskan mainland) indicate that the pigmy shrew, Microsorex hoyi (Baird), is a comparatively rare mammal in Alaska. From January, 1949, to the present, my co-workers and I have collected only seven specimens. These few animals considerably extend the known geographic range of M. hoyi in Alaska.

Studies On American Paragonimiasis. Iv. Observations On The Pairing Of Adult Worms In Laboratory Infections Of Domestic Cats, Franklin Sogandares-Bernal

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Observations are reported on the pairing of Paragonimus kellicotti Ward, 1908, in laboratory infections of 19 domestic cats. In four of six cases in which single metacercariae were fed 8 weeks previous to subsequent reexposure to another metacercaria, the worms were able to locate one another and become established in the lung cyst of the definitive host and the infections became patent. The role of pairing and the attraction between worms is discussed.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xliv. Revision Of Ogmogaster Jägerskiöld, 1891, With A Description Of O. Pentalineatus Sp. N. (Trematoda: Notocotylidae), Robert L. Rausch, Francis H. Fay

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discrepant conclusions in the literature concerning the specific distinction of the two spe- cies assigned to the genus Ogmogaster Jägerskiöld, 1891, necessitated a reevaluation of the taxonomic characters used in separating these trematodes. Study of material from baleen whales from North Pacific waters and from baleen whales and lobodont pinnipeds from the southern hemisphere disclosed the existence of two species which can be distinguished by consistent differences in numbers of ventral ridges, ratio of length of cirrus sac to length of body, and by other morphological characters. Since the original description of O. plicatus (Creplin, 1829) does not permit certain …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xliii. Strigea Macropharynx Sp. N., A Trematode Parasite Of Falco Rusticolus L., Georges Dubois, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Strigea macropharynx sp. n. (Trematoda : Strigeata, Strigeidae), an intestinal parasite of Falco rusticolus L., is described. Falconiformes harbor two species of Strigea (S. falconis Szidat, 1928, and S. macroconophora,/i> Dubois and Rausch, 1950) with vitellaria terminating near the copulatory bursa. Both differ from the new species in having a pharynx that is smaller than or subequal to the buccal sucker, as well as in other details. In S. elegans Chandler and Rausch, 1947, a parasite of Strigiformes, the eggs are larger, the testes of different form, and the vitellaria extend significantly farther into the region of the copulatory …

Cytogenetic Evidence For The Specific Distinction Of An Alaskan Marmot, Marmota Broweri Hall And Gilmore (Mammalia: Sciuridae), Robert L. Rausch, Virginia R. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cytogenetic studies based upon somatic cells (bone marrow) have disclosed that the marmot hitherto designated Marmota caligata broweri Hall and Gilmore, occurring in the Brooks Range of Arctic Alaska, differs from M. c. caligata (Eschscholtz) in number of chromosomes (2n=36 as compared with 2n=42 in M. caligata) and in proportions of chromosomal types. Typical karyograms for the two species are presented. It is concluded that the Brooks Range marmot is specifically distinct from M. caligata, the applicable name being Marmota broweri Hall and Gilmore. Also determined were diploid chromosome numbers for two other Nearctic species of marmots, M. …

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xlii. Aploparaksis Turdi Sp. N., A Hymenolepidid Cestode From Thrushes, Francis S.L. Williamson, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Aploparaksis turdi sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) is described from the robin, Turdus migratorius L., and recorded also from the varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius (Gmelin), from Iliamna Lake, upper Alaska Peninsula. This cestode is distinguished from the three previously known species of Aploparaksis s. l. occurring in passeriform birds by the size and number of rostellar hooks and by the arrangement and proportions of the genital organs. It is concluded that the validity of the genus Monorcholepis Oshmarin, 1961, to which certain of these species have been assigned, is questionable, and the latter genus is considered to be a synonym of …

Automatic Solvent Exchanger, D. R. Viglierchio, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A solvent delivery and removal system has been designed and developed such that solvent exchange in biological specimens and tissues can be effected automatically at ambient or above ambient temperatures. The operation may be programmed so that any series of solvents mutually soluble in sequence may be exchanged. For convenience in calibration and flexibility the system may be operated manually.

Review Of Echinococcus Species In South Africa, Anna Johanna Maria Verster

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

1. The nominate subspecies of E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786) is redesignated from the type locality, Europe.

2. Five subspecies of E. granulosus are described from South African carnivores: E. g. granulosus, E. g. africanus, E. g. felidis, E. g. lycaontis and E. g. ortleppi.

3. E. g. granulosus has so far only been recovered from the Transvaal; E. g. ortleppi appears to be restricted to the Transvaal; E. g. africanus occurs in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; E. g. lycaontis and E. g. felidis like their definitive hosts are restricted to the Transvaal.

4. …

Life Cycle And Development Of Prosthorhynchus Formosus (Van Cleave, 1918) Travassos, 1926, An Acanthocephalan Parasite Of Birds, Gerald D. Schmidt, O. Wilford Olsen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The life cycle of Prosthorhynchus formosus (Van Cleave, 1918) Travassos, 1926 is presented. The terrestrial isopods Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio laevis, and P. scaber served as experimental intermediate hosts, and chickens and turkeys as experimental definitive hosts. After ingestion of the eggs by the isopod, the acanthor emerges from its shells within 15 minutes to 2 hours, enters the gut wall of its host, and remains there 15 to 25 days. It then migrates to the hemocoel and develops through the acanthella stage to the infective cystacanth by the 60th to 65th day of infection.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xli. Observations On Cestodes Of The Genus Diplogonoporus Lönnberg, 1892 (Diphyllobothriidae), Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The study of a collection of cestodes assigned to the genus Diplogonoporus Lönnberg, 1892 disclosed but two species, D. balaenopterae Lönnberg, 1892, and D. tetrapterus (von Siebold, 1848) (provis.). These cestodes occur characteristically in marine mammals but occasionally are found in terrestrial hosts; D. balaenopterae is recorded for the first time from the domestic dog, and it is concluded that D. grandis (Blanchard, 1894), from man, is conspecific with D. balaenopterae. The latter species is recorded for the first time from the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski). The relatively small D. tetrapterus, a common parasite of the Steller …

The Specific Status Of The Narrow-Skulled Vole (Subgenus Stenocranius Kashchenko) In North America, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

On morphological and zoogeographical grounds, discussed in the present paper, it is concluded that the narrow-skulled vole in North America, previously designated Microtus (Stenocranius) miurus Osgood, is conspecific with the Eurasian M. (Stenocranius) gregalis Pallas. Fourteen subspecies in Eurasia and 5 in North America are now recognized, but it is probable that the number in Eurasia will be reduced through future investigation. The Eurasian subspecies of this vole comprise two major groups, of which one occupies the tundra zone and the other occurs across central Asia below latitude 60° N; their geographic ranges are largely separate …

Digenetic Trematodes Of Fishes As Indicators Of The Ecology, Phylogeny And Zoogeography Of Their Hosts [Abstract], Harold W. Manter

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The prevalence and diversity of trematodes of fishes, together with the fact that many of them have considerable host specificity, make them a favorable group for studies of host relationships and zoogeography.

Studies On The Helminth Fauna Of Alaska. Xl. Strigea Gruis Sp. N., A Trematode Parasite Of Grus Canadensis (L.), Georges Dubois, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Strigea gruis sp. n. (Trematoda: Strigeata, Strigeidae) is described from the sandhill crane Grus c. canadensis (L.). Only one other species of Strigea (S. neotidis Bisseru, 1956) is known from birds of the order Gruiformes; it is distinguished from S. gruis by several characteristics including its slender form, campanulate anterior segment, size of pharynx and of eggs, position of ovary, and position and size of testes. S. gruis differs from two other species having a relatively large pharynx, S. sphaerula (Rudolphi, 1803) and S. intermedia Szidat, 1932, both parasites of corvids, in the form of the anterior segment and …

Arctic Health Research Center, U.S. Public Health Service, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A program of research in Alaska was initiated by the United States Public Health Service in 1948, with the establishment of a field station in temporary facilities located at Anchorage. This station, officially designated the Arctic Health Research Center in May 1950, was founded largely as the result of surveys of health conditions in Alaska conducted during 1946 and 1947 by two committees representing the American Medical Association. The reports of these committees led Congress to pass a special appropriation bill to support the investigation of health problems in Alaska.

Six research sections were set up within the first year. …

The Seasonal Cycle Of Abundance Of Echinococcus Multilocularis In Naturally Infected Arctic Foxes, Francis H. Fay, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In some preliminary work on the ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis (Rudolphi, 1801) on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, Rausch and Schiller (1956. Parasitology, 46 (3 & 4): 395-419) noted that the percentage of arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus Linnaeus, harboring the adult cestodes seemed to vary annually in direct relation to the population density of tundra voles, Microtus oeconomus innuitus Merriam, the principal intermediate host. With the primary objective of examining this relationship in greater detail, an intensive, long-term ecologic investigation was begun on this island in 1955. Some of the results in the first 7 years are reported here.

A Review Of The Genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801, Robert L. Rausch, George S. Nelson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

1. The genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801, is reviewed. The recorded measurements of all species are shown in tables, and their taxonomic status is discussed.

2. Three species of Echinococcus can be distinguished by morphological criteria and are considered valid: E. granulosus, E. multilocularis and E. oligarthrus. The status of E. felidis and E. patagonicus is uncertain, but both may be conspecific with E. granulosus. Six species are considered synonyms of E. granulosus: E. cameroni, E. intermedius, E. longimanubrius, E. lycaontis, E. minimus and E. ortleppi.

Echinococcus Infections In Man And Animals In Kenya, George S. Nelson, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

1. Hydatid cysts are found in more than 30 per cent of all cattle, sheep and goats in Kenya, but the disease is prevalent in man only in the semi-desert area of Turkana. Up to the time of the present investigation the life-cycle of the parasite in East Africa had not been studied, but it was suggested that wild carnivores, such as hyenas and jackals, might be the main hosts of the adult worms.

2. One hundred and forty-three carnivores, representing 23 species, have been examined. Echinococcus adults were found in 27 out of 43 domestic dogs (Canis familiaris …

Schizorchis Yamashitai Sp. N. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) From The Northern Pika Ochotona Hyperborea Pallas In Hokkaido, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Schizorchis yamashitai sp. n., from the northern pika in Hokkaido, is described and its morphological characteristics compared with those of the three previously known species of Schizorchis Hansen, 1948. The zoogeography of Schizorchis spp. in pikas is briefly discussed.

Arhythmorhynchus Capellae Sp. N. (Polymorphidae: Acanthocephala), A Parasite Of The Common Snipe Capella Gallinago Delicata, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Arhythmorhynchus capellae sp. n. is described. The description is based on seven males and seven females from the Common Snipe in northern Colorado. The species is contrasted with two similar species, A. comptus Van Cleave and Rausch, 1950 and A. eroliae (Yamaguti, 1939) Van Cleave and Rausch, 1950. It differs from the former in having 14 proboscis hooks per row rather than eight or nine, and from the latter in having no bursal rays and 16 rows of 14 hooks rather than 18 rows of 12 to 13 hooks.

Alveolar Hydatid Disease Of The Liver: Rationale And Technics Of Surgical Treatment, John T. West, F. J. Hillman, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes of the genus Echinococcus cause two distinct diseases: the well-known cystic hydatid disease found in stock-raising areas, caused by E. granulosus, and the more rare alveolar hydatid disease, which is limited to the northern hemisphere and is caused by the biologically and morphologically distinct E. multilocularis.

Eight cases of alveolar hydatid disease of the liver are reported from Alaska, including three patients who underwent hemihepatectomy for advanced lesions. Radical resection is concluded to be the only rational treatment for this otherwise progressive and fatal disease.