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Articles 241 - 270 of 3148
Full-Text Articles in Genetics
Symbiodiniaceae Shifts Over The Last Decade On The Hottest Coral Reefs On Earth, Anna Fiesinger, Rachel Alderdice, Luigi Colin, Hannah Manns, Gabriela Perna, Kathryn H. Stankiewicz, Jacob J. Valenzuela, Line K. Bay, Daniel J. Barshis, Nitin S. Baliga, Iliana B. Baums, John A. Burt, Christian R. Voolstra
Symbiodiniaceae Shifts Over The Last Decade On The Hottest Coral Reefs On Earth, Anna Fiesinger, Rachel Alderdice, Luigi Colin, Hannah Manns, Gabriela Perna, Kathryn H. Stankiewicz, Jacob J. Valenzuela, Line K. Bay, Daniel J. Barshis, Nitin S. Baliga, Iliana B. Baums, John A. Burt, Christian R. Voolstra
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Corals in the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) are resilient to various stressors, whose levels exceed those of coral reefs globally. These corals thereby offer insight into mechanisms underlying thermal resilience, e.g., regarding the role of endosymbiotic microalgae in the family Symbiodiniaceae. Previous studies have identified the thermotolerant species Cladocopium thermophilum as broadly associated with corals in the southern PAG. However, algal-host specificity at the within-species level and the temporal stability of these associations are not well understood. Here we sampled two dominant stony corals (Porites harrisoni, n = 119 and Platygyra daedalea, n = 79) at three sites …
Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis Subflavus) Population Genetic Structure In The Southeastern United States, Laura Henderson
Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis Subflavus) Population Genetic Structure In The Southeastern United States, Laura Henderson
Master's Theses
Tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) have experienced substantial population losses from white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) which infects hibernating bats. Determining population genetic structure helps assess genetic diversity and the impacts of wildlife threats to populations. Pre-WNS data shows weak-to-negligible structure and panmictic P. subflavus populations at core portions of their range. However, current genetic data from their southeastern U.S. range is lacking. I sought to determine whether recent genetic data help resolve genetic structure among southeastern populations and assess genetic differences at two stages of impact: post-WNS and …
การศึกษาความสัมพันธ์และความถี่ของการตรวจพบเอชแอลเอแอนติบอดี (Anti-Hla Class I) ในหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่คลอดก่อนกำหนด ในกลุ่มตัวอย่างชาวไทย, สิริกุล เหล่าศรีวิจิตร
การศึกษาความสัมพันธ์และความถี่ของการตรวจพบเอชแอลเอแอนติบอดี (Anti-Hla Class I) ในหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่คลอดก่อนกำหนด ในกลุ่มตัวอย่างชาวไทย, สิริกุล เหล่าศรีวิจิตร
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
การคลอดก่อนกำหนด (ก่อน 37 สัปดาห์) เป็นปัญหาสาธารณสุขสำคัญทั่วโลก และในไทย ซึ่งเป็นสาเหตุหลักของการเสียชีวิตและภาวะแทรกซ้อนในทารกแรกเกิด การคลอดก่อนกำหนดส่วนใหญ่เกิดขึ้นเองโดย ไม่ทราบสาเหตุ จากหลักฐานก่อนหน้านี้พบว่า anti-HLA antibody อาจมีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับการคลอดก่อน กำหนดในประชากรชาวชิลี วัตถุประสงค์ของงานวิจัยจึงต้องการศึกษาความถี่และความสัมพันธ์ของแอนติบอดีต่อ Human Leukocyte Antigen class I ในหญิงตั้งครรภ์ชาวไทยที่คลอดก่อนกำหนด และสร้างโมเดลทำนายภาวะ คลอดก่อนกำหนดโดยใช้ปัจจัยเสี่ยง และผล anti-HLA class I กลุ่มตัวอย่างประกอบด้วยหญิงตั้งครรภ์ชาวไทยที่ คลอดที่โรงพยาบาลเจริญกรุงประชารักษ์จำนวน 299 คน แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มคลอดก่อนกำหนด 135 คน และกลุ่ม คลอดตามกำหนด 164 คน ได้รับการตรวจ anti-HLA class I ด้วยเทคนิค Multiplex Fluorescent Immunoassay และรวบรวมข้อมูลทางคลินิก ผลการศึกษาพบว่าความชุกของการตรวจพบ anti-HLA class I antibody โดยรวมอยู่ที่ 33.11% และสูงกว่าอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติในกลุ่มที่คลอดก่อนกำหนด (42.96%) เมื่อ เทียบกับกลุ่มที่คลอดตามกำหนด (25.00%) การวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ด้วยสถิติ Chi-square test และ Logistic Regression พบว่าการตรวจพบ anti-HLA class I มีความสัมพันธ์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญกับการคลอดก่อนกำหนด (P < 0.001) โดยเพิ่มโอกาสในการคลอดก่อนกำหนดสูงขึ้น 2.260 เท่า นอกจากนี้งานวิจัยได้สร้างแบบจำลองการ ทำนายการคลอดก่อนกำหนดโดยใช้อัลกอริทึม Machine Learning หลายประเภท และใช้วิธีการคัดเลือกตัวแปร ที่แตกต่างกัน พบว่าแบบจำลอง LightGBM ที่ใช้การคัดเลือกตัวแปรแบบ Backward มีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุดในแง่ ของความแม่นยำ (Accuracy = 0.6018 ± 0.0482) และความสามารถในการตรวจจับการคลอดก่อนกำหนด (Sensitivity = 0.6444 ± 0.0726) ซึ่งแสดงให้เห็นว่า anti-HLA class I antibody และปัจจัยเสี่ยงบางประการ สามารถนำมาใช้เป็นตัวบ่งชี้เพื่อทำนายความเสี่ยงของการคลอดก่อนกำหนดได้ ผลการวิจัยนี้เป็นองค์ความรู้ พื้นฐานที่สำคัญในการพัฒนา biomarker เพื่อช่วยแพทย์ในการวางแผนการดูแลรักษาหญิงตั้งครรภ์ในอนาคต
การศึกษาฤทธิ์ผสมผสานของสารสกัดจากว่านหางจระเข้และโพรไบโอติกต่อการยับยั้งคุณสมบัติการก่อโรคฟันผุของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Streptococcus Mutans ในหลอดทดลอง, ธีรภัทร ชะนะเมืองคล
การศึกษาฤทธิ์ผสมผสานของสารสกัดจากว่านหางจระเข้และโพรไบโอติกต่อการยับยั้งคุณสมบัติการก่อโรคฟันผุของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Streptococcus Mutans ในหลอดทดลอง, ธีรภัทร ชะนะเมืองคล
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
โรคฟันผุเป็นโรคติดเชื้อเรื้อรังที่เกิดจากความไม่สมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปาก โดยเฉพาะ Streptococcus mutans (SM) ซึ่งสามารถผลิตกรด สร้างไบโอฟิล์ม และทนต่อสภาวะเป็นกรดได้ การใช้โพรไบโอติกถูกเสนอเป็นแนวทางใหม่ในการควบคุมเชื้อก่อโรค แต่อาจมีประสิทธิภาพไม่เพียงพอ จึงเกิดความสนใจในการใช้พรีไบโอติกร่วมกัน งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาผลของสารสกัดว่านหางจระเข้ (Aloe vera; AV) ในฐานะพรีไบโอติก ร่วมกับ Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) และ/หรือ Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299V (LP) ในการยับยั้งคุณสมบัติการก่อโรคของ SM UA159 ในหลอดทดลอง ผลการทดลองพบว่า AV ที่ความเข้มข้นต่ำสุด 0.25% ซึ่งอุดมด้วยพอลิแซ็กคาไรด์ แสดงคุณสมบัติของการเป็นพรีไบโอติก โดยสามารถยับยั้งการเจริญของ SM ได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p < 0.05) และส่งเสริมการเจริญของโพรไบโอติกทั้งสองสายพันธุ์ (p < 0.05) การทำงานร่วมกันของ AV และโพรไบโอติกช่วยเพิ่มค่า pH ลดความเป็นกรด (p < 0.05) ลดการสร้างไบโอฟิล์ม (p < 0.05) และลดการแสดงออกของยีนสำคัญที่เกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจัยการก่อโรค ได้แก่ ยีนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเมแทบอลิซึมและการสร้างสภาวะความเป็นกรด (eno, ldh, atpD) และยีนที่ควบคุมการสร้างไบโอฟิล์ม (gtfB, gtfC, dexA, และ dexB) ขณะเดียวกันเพิ่มการแสดงออกของ aguD (p < 0.05) ซึ่งเกี่ยวข้องกับระบบสร้างความเป็นด่าง ส่งผลให้เกิดสภาวะที่ไม่เอื้อต่อการเจริญของ SM นอกจากนี้ AV ยังเพิ่มการอยู่รอดของโพรไบโอติกผ่านการเพิ่มระดับยีน rpoB และ 16S rRNA (p < 0.05) ผลการทดลองสรุปได้ว่า AV ร่วมกับ LGG และ LP มีฤทธิ์เสริมกันในการลดความรุนแรงของ SM ผ่านหลายกลไกเชิงโมเลกุล พร้อมทั้งสนับสนุนการเจริญของจุลินทรีย์ที่เป็นประโยชน์ ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับแนวคิดการป้องกันโรคฟันผุในศตวรรษที่ 21 ที่มุ่ง “การปรับสมดุลของชุมชนจุลินทรีย์ในช่องปาก” ตาม Ecological Plaque Hypothesis และชี้ให้เห็นถึงศักยภาพของซินไบโอติกจากพืชสมุนไพรในการพัฒนาเป็นแนวทางใหม่เพื่อการป้องกันโรคฟันผุอย่างยั่งยืน
การพัฒนาชุดตรวจสารพันธุกรรมแบบอ่านผลด้วยตาเปล่าอย่างรวดเร็วสําหรับตรวจเชื้อ Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex และ Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, ภานุวัฒน์ เสถียรพิทยากุล
การพัฒนาชุดตรวจสารพันธุกรรมแบบอ่านผลด้วยตาเปล่าอย่างรวดเร็วสําหรับตรวจเชื้อ Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex และ Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, ภานุวัฒน์ เสถียรพิทยากุล
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
วัณโรค (TB) ซึ่งมีสาเหตุเกิดจากเชื้อ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) และโรคติดเชื้อกลุ่ม Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) เป็นโรคติดเชื้อที่มีความสำคัญซึ่งเกิดจากเชื้อกลุ่ม Mycobacteria ส่งผลกระทบต่อปอดและอวัยวะอื่นๆ ของร่างกาย แม้ว่าสาเหตุของการก่อโรคต่างกัน แต่อย่างไรก็ตามอาการแสดงมีความคล้ายคลึงกัน เช่น ไอ มีไข้ น้ำหนักลด และอ่อนเพลีย แนวทางในการรักษาวัณโรคและโรคติดเชื้อกลุ่ม NTM นั้นเป็นการรักษาโดยการใช้ยาต้านเชื้อ Mycobacteria หลายชนิดผสมผสานกัน แต่อย่างไรก็ตามแนวทางในการรักษาและระยะเวลาที่ใช้ในการรักษาแตกต่างกันระหว่างโรคดังกล่าว ดังนั้นวิธีการวินิจฉัยที่มีความรวดเร็วและจำเพาะในการจำแนกการติดเชื้อระหว่างสองกลุ่มจึงมีความจำเป็น เพื่อที่ผู้ป่วยจะได้รับการรักษาและการจัดการกับผู้ป่วยที่เหมาะสมต่อไป การศึกษาในครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ในการพัฒนา Primer ในการจำแนกเชื้อกลุ่ม NTM จาก MTB และพัฒนาชุดตรวจแถบตรวจสารพันธุกรรมต้นแบบที่สามารถอ่านผลการทดสอบได้ด้วยตาเปล่าจากการเพิ่มประมาณสารพันธุกรรมที่อุณหภูมิเดียวซึ่งจำเพาะต่อยีน IS1081 และ ku ของเชื้อ MTB และ NTM ตามลำดับ แถบตรวจที่ผลิตพัฒนาขึ้นซึ่งผลิตจาก Nitrocellulose MTB/NTM strip สามารถตรวจจับผลผลิต Multiplex-recombinase polymerase amplification (M-RPA) ได้ โดยผลการทดสอบเบื้องต้นพบว่า Primer ที่ออกแบบขึ้นมานั้นสามารถเพิ่มปริมาณสารพันธุกรรมและจำแนก DNA ที่สกัดได้จากโคโลนีของเชื้อ MTB และ NTM ได้อย่างถูกต้อง โดยปฏิกิริยาบ่มที่อุณหภูมิ 37 ˚C เป็นระยะเวลา 30 นาที และเวลาในการอ่านผลของแถบตรวจ MTB/NTM strip คือ 15 นาที โดยตรวจสอบความเข้มข้นของเชื้อที่น้อยที่สุดที่ตรวจวัดได้ด้วยเทคนิค M-RPA ร่วมกับแถบตรวจ MTB/NTM strip สำหรับโคโลนีของเชื้อ MTB และ NTM คือ 1.97 x 104 CFU/mL และไม่พบปฏิกิริยาข้ามกลุ่มสำหรับเชื้อแบคทีเรียก่อโรคทั่วไปสายพันธุ์อื่น รวมถึงเชื้อกลุ่ม Higher bacteria เทคนิค M-RPA ร่วมกับแถบตรวจ MTB/NTM strip ได้นำมาประเมินกับ DNA …
18s Metabarcode Analyses Of Eukaryotic Species In The Respiratory Microbiomes Of Wild Canids From New Hampshire, Collin Sinclair Blake
18s Metabarcode Analyses Of Eukaryotic Species In The Respiratory Microbiomes Of Wild Canids From New Hampshire, Collin Sinclair Blake
Honors Theses and Capstones
This study is of an exploratory nature and focuses on characterizing the eukaryotic microbiota present in the respiratory tissues of six wild canids and one domestic canine. The contents of this document largely pertain to dry lab analyses of 18S barcodes in bioinformatics programs – primarily QIIME2 running in the GitBash command line, service for which was hosted by the UNH Ron Bioinformatics training server. All procedures listed within the section below were performed by second parties at the UNH Hubbard Center for Genomics Studies (HCGS), the New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostics Lab (NHVDL), and the UNH Microbial Ecology and Emerging …
Hidden Markov Model For Identifying Local Variants In Human Genomes Using Simulated Data, Scott Mccallum
Hidden Markov Model For Identifying Local Variants In Human Genomes Using Simulated Data, Scott Mccallum
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifying adaptive mutations in genetic data is challenging due to the low frequency of occurrence of such events, and because signatures of selection are intertwined with the footprints of various other evolutionary forces that shape our genomes. Even when a larger region appears to be under selection, genomic sites that are linked to adaptive mutations have similar statistical signals, and thus can obfuscate the identification of the actual adaptive mutation. The new method described here uses a Hidden Markov Model that allows for classification of neutral, linked, and sweep (adaptive mutation) genomic sites. This model is general and can be …
Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Saurida Spp. (Teleostei: Synodontidae) From Saudi Arabia And Indonesia, Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, Suciyono Suciyono, Mohamed Ahmed Abu El-Regal
Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Saurida Spp. (Teleostei: Synodontidae) From Saudi Arabia And Indonesia, Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, Suciyono Suciyono, Mohamed Ahmed Abu El-Regal
Makara Journal of Science
Saurida is a unique fishery commodity because it is difficult to differentiate visually. They can be only effectively con-served once accurately identified. This study aimed to determine the morphology and molecular characteristics of Sau-rida spp. from Banyuwangi (Indonesia) and Jizan (Saudi Arabia). Meristic and morphometric analysis was performed for morphological identification, whereas COI gene analysis was performed for molecular identification. Morphological analysis was performed to identify Saurida in this study, such as S. tumbil (Jizan, Saudi Arabia) and S. micropectoralis (Banyuwangi, Indonesia). S. tumbil did not have dark brown spots on the lateral line and upper caudal fin, whereas S. …
Gonadal Absence Of Pig-1: Exploration Of Pig-1 In The Gonad Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Winston S. Bennah
Gonadal Absence Of Pig-1: Exploration Of Pig-1 In The Gonad Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Winston S. Bennah
Undergraduate Theses
Caenorhabditis elegans are model organisms frequently studied to better understand biological processes. They have short life spans and produce a large number of progeny. Additionally, many of their molecular development processes can be found in human, providing insight into cell death and cell fate. In this project, our research aims to create a triple mutant strain to test the importance of the pig-1 gene in the gonad of C. elegans. This strain carries the following alleles: ckb-3::degron; him-8; gfp::pig-1. The pig-1 gene has been previously studied in neuroblast cells in C. elegans and is required for …
The Effects Of Ewing Sarcoma Through The Overexpression And Knockdown Of Transcription Factors Sox18 And Stat1, Victoria Castillo, Melany Cervantes, Nicole Robles, Terry Jo Shackleford
The Effects Of Ewing Sarcoma Through The Overexpression And Knockdown Of Transcription Factors Sox18 And Stat1, Victoria Castillo, Melany Cervantes, Nicole Robles, Terry Jo Shackleford
Cell and Molecular Methods
SOX18, a transcription factor with a DNA-binding HMG domain, plays a critical role in regulatory processes linked to cancer progression. Exhibiting oncogenic properties, SOX18 has been linked to various cancers, where it promotes tumor growth by enhancing cell invasion, uncontrolled proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis through dysregulated signaling pathways. STAT1, a protein crucial for immune system regulation, is prominently expressed in immune-associated tissues like the lymph nodes, and bone marrow, suggesting it could play a role in tumor growth. Ewing Sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive cancer that targets bone and soft tissue, carries a high mortality rate of 90% without treatment …
Unilateral Tongue Atrophy In Smad3: A Case Report, Gloria Galloway
Unilateral Tongue Atrophy In Smad3: A Case Report, Gloria Galloway
Nursing & Health Sciences Research Journal
Background: Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 3 (SMAD3) is a disorder of the protein encoded at locus 15q22.33 and involved in the transcription of growth factor-beta (TGF) signalling. In this disorder, SMAD3 encoding is impaired, resulting in a connective tissue disorder with multisystem involvement (Bertoli-Avella et al., 2015; Dulac et al., 2019). This case is the first to describe unilateral tongue atrophy as an initial presentation of SMAD3, thereby providing an important contribution to the literature. Clinical History and Exam: A 43-year-old patient described a 1–2-week history in which he noted that half of his tongue had wasted away, and he …
Bap1: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation, Variant Classification, And Treatment Efficacy, Elizabeth Hobbs
Bap1: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation, Variant Classification, And Treatment Efficacy, Elizabeth Hobbs
All Dissertations
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3p21.3 and encodes a deubiquitinase enzyme (DUB) involved in DNA repair, cell cycle and metabolism, and apoptosis. BAP1 pathogenic germline variants are primarily associated with a familial cancer syndrome, Tumor Predisposition Syndrome 1 (TPDS1), but new missense variants have been linked to a neurodevelopmental disorder known as Kury-Isidor Syndrome (KURIS). Patients with TPDS1 variants have an increased risk for developing cancers, such as uveal and cutaneous melanomas, mesothelioma, and renal cell carcinoma, at an earlier age with lower thresholds for environmental exposures, mainly UV rays and asbestos, compared …
Behavior In Phelan-Mcdermid Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Genetic And Metabolic Contributions, And Evaluation Of Behavioral Assessment Tools, Emily Payne
All Dissertations
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is characterized by genetic and phenotypic variability with varying levels of developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), speech delay, minor dysmorphic features, and behavioral issues. Genetic causes of PMS involve deletions in the 22q13.3 region or pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in SHANK3. Due to the significant heterogeneity and complexities seen in individuals with PMS, there are numerous challenges surrounding research, accurate diagnoses, assessments, and the creation of treatments. Behavioral issues are present in the majority of individuals with PMS, including lower levels of adaptive behavioral skills needed for daily functioning, disruptive behaviors, restricted and …
Drosophila Model Of Cocaine Use Disorder, Jeffrey Hatfield
Drosophila Model Of Cocaine Use Disorder, Jeffrey Hatfield
All Dissertations
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health challenge. While the primary mechanism of action of cocaine has been well characterized, and family studies have identified a strong genetic component, the specific genetic factors that influence susceptibility to development of CUD remain poorly understood. Genetic studies of cocaine use disorder are difficult in humans, but can be readily performed in Drosophila, where environment, genetic background, and cocaine exposure can be controlled. Drosophila exhibit behavioral and transcriptomic responses to cocaine, which binds to the dopamine transporter in fruit flies as it does in humans. Here, we use Drosophila to …
Genome-Wide Expression Profiling And Phenotypic Analysis Of Downstream Targets Identify The Fox Transcription Factor Jumeau As A Master Regulator Of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Division, M. Rezaul Hasan
Bakerman Student Research Awards
Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors (TFs) mediate multiple conserved cardiogenic processes in both mammals and Drosophila. Our prior work identified the roles of two Drosophila Fox genes, jumeau (jumu) and Checkpoint suppressor 1-like (CHES-1-like), in cardiac progenitor cell specification and division, and in the proper positioning of cardiac cell subtypes. Fox TF binding sites are also significantly enriched in the enhancers of genes expressed in the heart, suggesting that these genes may play a core regulatory role in one or more of these cardiogenic processes. We identified downstream targets of Jumu by comparing transcriptional expression profiles of flow cytometry-sorted mesodermal …
Production Objectives And Trait Preferences Of Smallholder Farmers In The Philippines: Implications For Designing Breeding Schemes Utilizing Indigenous Swine Genetics, Joy Banayo, Kathlyn Louise Manese, Kaito Furusho, Madeline Kingan, Justine Ayomen, Marcelino Saliw-An, Karina Marie Nicolas, Kayvin Joel Petipit, Dorothy Pagbilao, Vea Roven Arellano, Rene Santiago, Flomella Caguicla, Arnolfo Monleon, Giselle Perlas, Giselle Perlas, Rea Palma Ortego, Sharon Singzon, Agapita Salces, Takahiro Yamagata
Production Objectives And Trait Preferences Of Smallholder Farmers In The Philippines: Implications For Designing Breeding Schemes Utilizing Indigenous Swine Genetics, Joy Banayo, Kathlyn Louise Manese, Kaito Furusho, Madeline Kingan, Justine Ayomen, Marcelino Saliw-An, Karina Marie Nicolas, Kayvin Joel Petipit, Dorothy Pagbilao, Vea Roven Arellano, Rene Santiago, Flomella Caguicla, Arnolfo Monleon, Giselle Perlas, Giselle Perlas, Rea Palma Ortego, Sharon Singzon, Agapita Salces, Takahiro Yamagata
The Philippine Agricultural Scientist
Profit maximization is not the only production objective in farming. For smallholder farms worldwide, family sustenance often takes priority, with production being viewed more as savings-oriented than market-oriented. Furthermore, market pressures can lead to the mismanagement of indigenous livestock resources, increasing their risk of genetic erosion. To ensure the long-term conservation of the Philippine native pig, this study aimed to determine the various types of native pig farmers and define the intervention strategies for each type. A total of 432 native pig farmers representing seven provinces in the Philippines (Benguet, Kalinga, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Marinduque, and Eastern Samar; n …
Root Plasticity Of Selected Corn (Zea Mays L.) Varieties Grown For Food And Forage In Response To Fertigroe®-N And Urea, Vanica Apostol, Edna Aguilar, Lilia Fernando, Lourdes Edano Ma., Tonette Laude, Eureka Teresa Ocampo
Root Plasticity Of Selected Corn (Zea Mays L.) Varieties Grown For Food And Forage In Response To Fertigroe®-N And Urea, Vanica Apostol, Edna Aguilar, Lilia Fernando, Lourdes Edano Ma., Tonette Laude, Eureka Teresa Ocampo
The Philippine Agricultural Scientist
Root plasticity, the capacity of a corn root system to modify its growth and development in response to varying environmental conditions, is a crucial adaptability trait for optimizing water and nutrient uptake, especially in a challenging environments. Understanding root plasticity provides insights into the pattern basis of crop adaptation, contributing to the development of improved corn varieties and agricultural practices that optimize the production of both ear shoots and forage. This study assessed root traits and other morphological-physiological responses of three corn varieties (NK8840, IPB Var 6, and Pearl Sweet) grown for food (ear shoots) and forage (baby corn fodder) …
A Drosophila Model Of Mucopolysacchridosis Iiia, Rebecca Bishop
A Drosophila Model Of Mucopolysacchridosis Iiia, Rebecca Bishop
All Theses
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that arises from inability to break down heparan sulfate (HS) because of mutations in the N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH) gene. We used a deletion mutant of the Drosophila melanogaster Sgsh gene along with three point mutations analogous to mutations observed in patients (S64W, L89P, S301P) to show an increase in the average percent of area with lysosomal puncta in the fly brains of our mutants using Lysotracker. RNA sequencing of brains of mutant and control flies showed 441 (Knockout), 337 (S64W), 155 (L89P), and 96 (S301P) differentially expressed …
The Effects Of Mosaicism On Biological And Clinical Markers Of Alzheimer's Disease In Adults With Down Syndrome, Laura Xicota, Lam-Ha T. Dang, Alice Lee, Sharon Krinsky-Mchale, Deborah Pang, Lisa Melilli, Sid E. O’Bryant, Rachel L. Henson, Charles Laymon, Florence Lai, H. Diana Rosas, Beau Ances, Ira Lott, Christy Hom, Bradley Christian, Sigan Hartley, Shahid Zaman, Elizabeth Head, Mark Mapstone, Zhezhen Jin, Wayne Silverman, Nicole Schupf, Benjamin Handen, Joseph H. Lee, Alzheimer’S Biomarker Consortium – Down Syndrome (Abc-Ds)
The Effects Of Mosaicism On Biological And Clinical Markers Of Alzheimer's Disease In Adults With Down Syndrome, Laura Xicota, Lam-Ha T. Dang, Alice Lee, Sharon Krinsky-Mchale, Deborah Pang, Lisa Melilli, Sid E. O’Bryant, Rachel L. Henson, Charles Laymon, Florence Lai, H. Diana Rosas, Beau Ances, Ira Lott, Christy Hom, Bradley Christian, Sigan Hartley, Shahid Zaman, Elizabeth Head, Mark Mapstone, Zhezhen Jin, Wayne Silverman, Nicole Schupf, Benjamin Handen, Joseph H. Lee, Alzheimer’S Biomarker Consortium – Down Syndrome (Abc-Ds)
Neurology Faculty Publications
Background Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD); yet, some 20 percent do not develop any signs of dementia until after 65 years or in their lifetime. Mosaicism could contribute to this phenotypic variation, where some disomic cells could lead to lower levels of gene products from chromosome 21.
Methods We examined longitudinal neuropsychological and biomarker data from two large studies of DS: the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium–Down syndrome study (ABC-DS) (n = 357); and a legacy study (n = 468). We assessed mosaicism using karyotyping or GWAS data. Participants had data on plasma …
The Role Of Wt1 In Müllerian Duct Development, Jace Aloway
The Role Of Wt1 In Müllerian Duct Development, Jace Aloway
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
WT1 is a zinc finger transcription factor widely expressed in the urogenital system. Human mutations of WT1 lead to pediatric nephroblastoma as well as frequent differences of sex development (DSDs). Previous studies have suggested that WT1 acts as an activator for Amhr2, a necessary component of typical male differentiation. We used the mouse as a model to investigate the role of WT1 in sex development, where we deleted Wt1 in the Müllerian duct (MD) mesenchyme using a novel conditional null reporter allele, Wt1 flox-RFP. This allele utilizes the Cre-lox system to delete exons 8 and 9 of Wt1 …
Independent Evolution Of Oleate Hydratase Clades In Bacillales Reflects Molecular Convergence, Robert J. Neff, Priscilla C. Lages, Shannon K. Donworth, James D. Brien, Christopher D. Radka
Independent Evolution Of Oleate Hydratase Clades In Bacillales Reflects Molecular Convergence, Robert J. Neff, Priscilla C. Lages, Shannon K. Donworth, James D. Brien, Christopher D. Radka
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Oleate hydratase (OhyA), a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the hydration of unsaturated fatty acids, has been identified in various Bacillales organisms, including those in the Listeria, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, and Staphylococcus genera. In this study, we combine structural biology with molecular and phylogenetic analyses to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of the OhyA protein family within the Bacillales order. Our evolutionary analysis reveals two distinct OhyA clades (clade I and clade II) within Bacillales that, while sharing catalytic function, exhibit significant genomic and structural differences. Our findings suggest that these OhyA clades originated from independent evolutionary processes through convergent evolution rather than gene …
Assessing The Temporal Role Of Mir-200 Loss In Murine Models Of Nsclc, Jared Fradette
Assessing The Temporal Role Of Mir-200 Loss In Murine Models Of Nsclc, Jared Fradette
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) making up a majority of new diagnoses. Metastasis is the big killer in NSCLC and is driven by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune evasion. The microRNA 200 family is a master regulator of EMT and is implicated in immune regulation. In this study we have developed a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) and derived primary cell lines from them to explore the role of microRNA-200 in early EMT and immune changes. Our model combines conditional activation of KrasG12D …
Size Matters: The Characterization Of Telomere Function In Germ Cell Development In Danio Rerio, Jessica Macneil
Size Matters: The Characterization Of Telomere Function In Germ Cell Development In Danio Rerio, Jessica Macneil
Graduate Doctoral Dissertations
Infertility is a growing problem worldwide. According to the WHO, 48 million couples across the globe suffer from infertility and many couples turn to Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) to become pregnant. One readout of gamete quality and successful ART is telomere integrity because telomeres are necessary for chromosome movements during meiosis so that the segregation of chromosomes happens correctly. Telomeres are well known for their role in aging; however, they play an important and understudied role during meiosis. In meiosis, telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope (NE) via a protein chain spanning the NE that interacts with cytoplasmic motor proteins, …
Functional Analysis Of The Zebrafish Orthologs Of Host Cell Factor 1 Gene, David Paz
Functional Analysis Of The Zebrafish Orthologs Of Host Cell Factor 1 Gene, David Paz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Host Cell Factor C1 (HCFC1) is a transcriptional co-activator factor that regulates the expression of over 5000 different downstream target genes in human cells. Missense mutations in the HCFC1 gene cause methylmalonic acidemia homocysteinemia cblX type (cblX). cblX, a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome (MCA) characterized by abnormal brain development, craniofacial abnormalities, metabolic deficits, and intractable epilepsy. Published studies suggest that HCFC1 regulates neural precursor proliferation, number, and differentiation. However, these results were derived from studies that were performed with nonsense alleles or transient knockdown approaches. Although these results demonstrate the importance of HCFC1 in brain development, they do not replicate …
Relationship Between Host Genomics And Microbiomics In Beef Cattle, Andrew D. Lakamp
Relationship Between Host Genomics And Microbiomics In Beef Cattle, Andrew D. Lakamp
Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
As sequencing technology becomes more affordable and throughput increases, microbiome information is becoming more readily available. For beef cattle selection, microbial information has a variety of uses including being a target for genetic prediction or used as a means to explicitly describe additional phenotypic variability in other traits.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is a disease that infects the ocular surface and surrounding tissue which is an animal health and producer economic concern. Vaccinations have shown to have variable effectiveness, while limited genetics studies have suggested that direct genetic selection for resistance would be slow. Therefore, an …
Delineating Genetic Influences On Neurodegenerative Disorders And Infectious Diseases Through Advanced Computational Methods, Xiaowei Zhuang
Delineating Genetic Influences On Neurodegenerative Disorders And Infectious Diseases Through Advanced Computational Methods, Xiaowei Zhuang
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Genetics plays a critical role in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders and pathogen evolution in infectious diseases. For example, identifying genetic variants associated with a disease phenotype uncovers functional pathways that could lead to potential drug targets and therapeutic interventions. In addition, tracking the genetic evolution of pathogens enables early detection and warning of infectious disease outbreaks. In both applications, given the large amount of genetic data, advanced computational methods, including longitudinal and multivariate models, could significantly boost the statistical power and capture interrelationships among traits, environmental factors and genetic influences. This dissertation focuses on four applications of …
The Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin Disrupts Feeding And Sleeping Behaviors In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lucas Fitzgerald
The Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin Disrupts Feeding And Sleeping Behaviors In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lucas Fitzgerald
The Cardinal Edge
Dimethylbiguanide, also known as metformin, is the single most prescribed oral treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, or type 2 diabetes, in western countries. The primary mechanism of action that metformin acts through is the activation of AMP kinase, an important regulator of energy homeostasis. While the anti-diabetic effects of metformin are well documented, its effects on feeding and sleeping behaviors are not well characterized. Using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, the mean daily quantity of food consumed was measured and compared between groups treated with several dosages of metformin. Feeding interactions such as meal frequency and length were …
Pathway-Based Polygenic Risk Score Analysis Of Brain Glial Indicates Cell-Type-Specific Roles In Alzheimer's Disease, Tyrell Pratt, Alice Lee, Jennifer Zheng, Faria Tavacoli, Hayley Ho, Tingwei Liu, Jingchun Chen
Pathway-Based Polygenic Risk Score Analysis Of Brain Glial Indicates Cell-Type-Specific Roles In Alzheimer's Disease, Tyrell Pratt, Alice Lee, Jennifer Zheng, Faria Tavacoli, Hayley Ho, Tingwei Liu, Jingchun Chen
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and extensive brain pathology, including amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. This study aims to identify any glial cell type-specific pathways associated with AD.
Methods: We first investigated the correlation between AD and the genetic risk of glia-specific pathways using pathway-based polygenic risk score (PRS) with PRSet software in the discovery data (ADc1234ADA) adjusted by the top two principal components (PC1, PC2) (Model 1), followed by additional adjustment with sex, age, and APOE ε4 count in Model 2. Further PRSet analyses were replicated in independent data …
Glial-Specific Genes Are Strongly Associated With Alzheimer's Disease By Gene-Based Polygenic Risk Score Analysis, Jennifer Zheng, Faria Tavacoli, Tyrell Pratt, Alice Lee, Tingwei Liu, Jingchun Chen
Glial-Specific Genes Are Strongly Associated With Alzheimer's Disease By Gene-Based Polygenic Risk Score Analysis, Jennifer Zheng, Faria Tavacoli, Tyrell Pratt, Alice Lee, Tingwei Liu, Jingchun Chen
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Methods: Gene-based PRSs were constructed in AD cases and controls within each gene of the glial cells, according to the GWAS summary statistics of European ancestry. In detail, gene-based PRSs were first calculated for each glial cell type-specific gene for AD cases and controls in the discovery dataset (ADc1234ADA) using PRSet software. A meta-analysis with a fixed model was performed when the signal in both datasets was in the same direction. Bonferroni corrections for multiple testing (at α = .05) were used to determine significance within each of the three glial groups. Forest plots were used to visualize the results …
Disruption Of The Oswrky71 Transcription Factor Gene Results In Early Rice Seed Germination Under Normal And Cold Stress Conditions, Santiago Bataller, James A. Davis, Lingkun Gu, Sophia Baca, Gaelan Chen, Azeem Majid, Anne J. Villacastin, Dylan Barth, Mira V. Han, Paul J. Rushton, Qingxi J. Shen
Disruption Of The Oswrky71 Transcription Factor Gene Results In Early Rice Seed Germination Under Normal And Cold Stress Conditions, Santiago Bataller, James A. Davis, Lingkun Gu, Sophia Baca, Gaelan Chen, Azeem Majid, Anne J. Villacastin, Dylan Barth, Mira V. Han, Paul J. Rushton, Qingxi J. Shen
Life Sciences Faculty Research
Background
Early seed germination in crops can confer a competitive advantage against weeds and reduce the time to maturation and harvest. WRKY transcription factors regulate many aspects of plant development including seed dormancy and germination. Both positive and negative regulators of seed germination have been reported in many plants such as rice and Arabidopsis. Using a transient expression system, we previously demonstrated that OsWRKY71 is a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling in aleurone cells and likely forms a “repressosome” complex with other transcriptional repressors. Hence, it has the potential to impact seed germination properties.
Results
In this study, we …