Genetics and Genomics Commons^™

Genomic Patents And Product Development Incentives, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Book Chapters

Patents on human genetic information have been controversial among different groups for different reasons. The purpose of a patent system is to motivate the commercial development of new technologies; it is thus unsurprising that those who have fundamental misgivings about commercial biotechnology would oppose gene patents. More intriguing is the controversy over gene patenting among those who welcome the commercial development of biotechnology products by private firms. While many proponents of commercial biotechnology assert that gene patents are essential to motivate product development, some have expressed more nuanced views, endorsing patents under some circumstances and condemning them as unnecessary or …

Better Flock Benchmarking From Wether Trials, David Windsor, Bronwyn Clarke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Genetic links between wether trials put in place by Agriculture Western Australia's Wool Program are helping farmers benchmark the productivity of their flocks on a statewide basis. David Windsor and Bronwyn Cklarke report on the progress to date.

Comparisons Of Genetic Variance And Physiological Responses In Two Populations Of Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis, Brett Egger

Masters Theses

The study was conducted to determine the effects of lowered genetic variance in the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) on the physiological parameters of critical thermal maximum and minimum pH. Mosquitofish were obtained from two small central Illinois ponds, Lost Pond and Shadow Pond, by seines and dip nets. Once caught, fish were returned to the laboratory and acclimated for a minimum of five days at a temperature of 27°C and a pH of 8.25. At the beginning of each experimental run, fish were subjected to the physiological experiments for determination of critical thermal maximum and minimum pH, and then measured …

Parade Of Presidents, John L. Artz

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Role Of Egr-1 Gene Expression In B Cell Receptor-Induced Apoptosis In An Immature B Cell Lymphoma, Subramanian Muthukkumar, Seong-Su Han, Sumathi Muthukkumar, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Ligation of B cell receptor (BCR) on BKS-2, an immature B cell lymphoma by anti-IgM antibodies (Ab) caused apoptosis. Here we report that signaling through B cell receptor in wild type BKS-2 cells down-regulated the expression of Egr-1, a zinc finger-containing transcription factor. A reduction in the level of Egr-1 mRNA could be demonstrated as early as 30 min after the ligation of BCR on BKS-2 cells. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of EGR-1 protein was also inhibited by anti-IgM treatment. Antisense oligonucleotides to Egr-1 caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in BKS-2 cells, suggesting that expression …

Achievements In Wool 1997, Agriculture Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

The Wool Strategy Group, which I initiated in 1993, and Agriculture Western Australia's Wool Program are strategic partners working together with industry to develop and market this State's wool industry.

Wool is Western Australia's second most important agricultural industry, with a current export value of $643 million. It has the potential to return to a billion dollar industry in the next five years and the industry needs to be strongly focused on producing what the market requires to take advantage of this.

The Wool Strategy Group, led by Chairman Mr Philip Gardiner, and the Wool Program, have established an international …

A Study Of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Linkage Equilibrium, And Population Structure In Hispanics Using Seven Genetic Markers, Donald Thomas Jones

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Effects Of Consanguinity At The Genomic Level In Two Pakistani Bradaris, Sheena Sullivan

Theses : Honours

The purpose of the project was to assess the effects of inbreeding on the genetic constitution of two Pakistani bradaris (literally defined as brotherhoods). Both bradaris contain children born to consanguineous (first cousin) and nonconsanguineous marriages. DNA samples have been supplied by Dr Subaib Ahmed of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Rawalpindi, for a total of 91 individuals. The specific allele frequencies, and levels of homozygosity of each bradari, were determined using twenty fluorescence-labelled microsatellite markers for chromosomes 13 and 15. Amplification of the DNA was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were separated …

Breeding For Improved Feed Conversion Efficiency, Alan Lymbery

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Alan Lymbery reports on a trial that has started at Vasse Research Atation to investigate the impact of genetic improvement on feed conversion efficiency on costs of production.

Homozygosity Levels In Consanguineous Populations: A Study Of The Sankethi Community, Karnataka, India, Janet Cahill

Theses : Honours

The project has studied the inheritance of microsatellite alleles across four chromosomes within two multi-generation families from a highly endogamous community, the Sankethi of Karnataka, India. The two families each have members from four generations participating in the study. Finger prick blood samples and detailed pedigree information were collected from subjects in India. DNA was extracted from the blood spot samples using a phenol-chloroform technique, and analysed by spectrophotometry to determine DNA concentrations. Fluorescent markers from chromosomes 15, 16, 17 & 18 were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques on a Perkin Elmer 96 well thermocycler. The PCR products …

Parasite Biodiversity And Emerging Pathogens: A Role For Systematics In Limiting Impacts On Genetic Resources, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Emergence of pathogenic organisms continues as a threat to overall biodiversity and genetic resources. Macroparasites including helminths constitute a potential threat to economically important resources in agriculture and conservation biology. Limitation of this threat can be achieved through survey and inventory for biodiversity and the application of systematics to understand the host range , biogeography and history of faunas. Systematics constitutes the foundation for recognition of endemic and introduced elements of faunas and the basis for predicting the behavior of pathogens introduced to new ecological settings or host groups. The basis for emergence of pathogens has both a deep historical …

Assignment Of Fragile Site 8e (Fra8e) To Human Chromosome Band 8q24.11 Adjacent To The Hereditary Multiple Exostoses 1 Gene And Two Overlapping Langer-Giedion Syndrome Deletion Endpoints, April L. Hill, Y. Harada, E. Takahashi, J. Hou, M. J. Wagner, D. E. Wells

Biology Faculty Publications

The distamycin A inducible fragile site, FRA8E, Fra(8) (q24.11) has been previously mapped to 8q24.11, proximal to the MYC gene, by fluorescent in situ hybridization (Takahasi et al., 1991). This fragile site has been shown to be present in about 1 out of every 140 healthy Japanese individuals (Takahasi et al., 1988). To more precisely map FRA8E, we have used cosmids isolated from the Langer-Giedion chromosomal region (LGCR) for FISH analysis. Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by chromosome deletions in Sq24.11 (Ludecke et al., 1991). One of the genes known to be involved in the etiology …

Diseased Thyrocytes Have Aberrant Communication And Tnf Receptor Secretion, Mary Labue

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Autoimmune diseases are a world-wide health concern and are an intense area of investigation. However, one area of research has been largely ignored. This involves the contribution of the target tissue to the disease process. We hypothesized that cell-cell communication is disrupted by lymphocytic infiltration and advancing fibrosis and this disruption results in altered target cell responses to immune components produced at the site of inflammation, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF- α).

We have used thyroiditis as our model of autoimmunity and have documented the development of spontaneous thyroiditis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. We have found aberrant connexin expression in …

Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Previously, model systems were developed in our laboratory to study murine immune responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pnu-Imune, both in vivo and in vitro (M. Garg and B. Subbarao, Infect. Immun. 60:2329-2336, 1992; M. Garg, A. M. Kaplan, and S. Bondada, J. Immunol. 152: 1589-1596, 1994). Using these systems, we found that aged mice did not respond to the vaccine in vivo or in vitro. Cell separation studies showed that the unresponsiveness of the aged spleen cells to the vaccine was not due to an intrinsic B-cell defect or to T-cell-mediated immunosuppression but resulted from an accessory cell …

Circadian Clock-Controlled Genes Isolated From Neurospora Crassa Are Late Night- To Early Morning-Specific, Deborah Bell-Pedersen, Mari L. Shinohara, Jennifer J. Loros, Jay C. Dunlap

Dartmouth Scholarship

An endogenous circadian biological clock controls the temporal aspects of life in most organisms, including rhythmic control of genes involved in clock output pathways. In the fungus Neurospora crassa, one pathway known to be under control of the clock is asexual spore (conidia) development. To understand more fully the processes that are regulated by the N. crassa circadian clock, systematic screens were carried out for genes that oscillate at the transcriptional level. Time-of-day-specific cDNA libraries were generated and used in differential screens to identify six new clock-controlled genes (ccgs). Transcripts specific for each of the ccgs …

Shark Bay World Heritage Property: Summary Of Public Submissions To The Draft Management Plan For Fish Resources, Kevin A. Francesconi

Fisheries Management Papers

In November 1994, the draft management plan for fish resources for the Shark Bay World Heritage Area (Fisheries Management Paper no 72) was released for public comment. This report summarises and analyses the 28 written public submissions received to the draft fisheries management plan.

Shark Bay Management Paper For Fish Resources, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia, Department Of Conservation And Land Management

Fisheries Management Papers

This paper deals with the management of fish resources in the Shark Bay World Heritage Property which are the responsibility of the Fisheries Department of Western Australia. It was prepared by the Fisheries Department in close liaison with the Department of Conservation and Land Management. The policies and guidelines proposed in this paper will be followed for a period not exceeding 10 years.

Genetic And Phylogenetic Divergence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus In The Puma (Puma Concolor), Margaret A. Carpenter, Eric W. Brown, Melanie Culver, Warren E. Johnson, Jill Pecon-Slattery, Dulce Brousset, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus which causes an AIDS-like disease in domestic cats (Felis catus). A number of other felid species, including the puma (Puma concolor), carry a virus closely related to domestic cat FIV. Serological testing revealed the presence of antibodies to FIV in 22% of 434 samples from throughout the geographic range of the puma. FIV-Pco pol gene sequences isolated from pumas revealed extensive sequence diversity, greater than has been documented in the domestic cat. The puma sequences formed two highly divergent groups, analogous to the clades which have been defined for …

Pearling And Aquaculture In The Dampier Archipelago - Existing And Proposed Operations - A Report For Public Comment, Ben Fraser

Fisheries Management Papers

This discussion paper has been prepared by the Fisheries Department of WA as part of a consultative process to enable the public to comment on existing and proposed pearling and aquaculture activities in the Dampier Archipelago. This report follows on from Fisheries Management Report 90 - the Driscoll Report - and provides more detailed information about pearling and aquaculture to enable the public to consider and comment on individual projects.

Characterization Of Experimentally Induced, Nonaflatoxigenic Variant Strains Of Aspergillus Parasiticus., Shubha Kale Ireland, J. W. Cary, D. Bhatnagar, J. W. Bennett

Faculty and Staff Publications

Six previously isolated, nonaflatoxigenic variants of Aspergillus parasiticus, designated sec mutants, were characterized morphologically by electron microscopy, biochemically by biotransformation studies with an aflatoxin precursor, and genetically by Northern (RNA) hybridization analysis of aflatoxin biosynthetic gene transcripts. Scanning electron micrographs clearly demonstrated that compared with the parental sec+ forms, the variant sec forms had an abundance of vegetative mycelia, orders of magnitude reduced number of conidiophores and conidia, and abnormal metulae. Conidiospores were detected in sec cultures only at higher magnifications (x500), in contrast to the sec+ (wild-type) strain, in which abundant conidiospores (masking the vegetative mycelia) were observed even …

Prevalence Of Antibodies To Feline Parvovirus, Calicivirus, Herpesvirus, Coronavirus, And Immunodeficiency Virus And Of Feline Leukemia Virus Antigen And The Interrelationship Of These Viral Infections In Free-Ranging Lions In East Africa, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Daniela Fehr, Markus Grob, Muhamed Elgizoli, Craig Packer, Janice S. Martenson, Stephen J. O'Brien, Hans Lutz

Biology Faculty Articles

While viral infections and their impact are well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurrence in free-ranging lions. The goals of the present study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to feline calicivirus (FCV), herpesvirus (FHV), coronavirus (FCoV), parvovirus (FPV), and immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen in 311 serum samples collected between 1984 and 1991 from lions inhabiting Tanzania’s national parks and (ii) to evaluate the possible biological importance and the interrelationship of these viral infections. Antibodies to FCV, never reported previously in free-ranging lions, were detected in …

1: "To Know Ourselves", The U.S. Department Of Energy, The Human Genome Project

Genomics: Past & Future

AT THE END OF THE ROAD in Little Cottonwood Canyon, near Salt Lake City, Alta is a place of near-mythic renown among skiers. In time it may well assume similar status among molecular geneticists. In December 1984, a conference there, co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, pondered a single question: Does modern DNA research offer a way of detecting tiny genetic mutations—and, in particular, of observing any increase in the mutation rate among the survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings and their descendants? In short the answer was, Not yet. But in an atmosphere of rare intellectual fertility, …

Molecular Phylogeny And Typing Of Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) That Serve As Vectors Of Human Or Bovine Onchocerciasis, Jianming Tang, Kenneth Pruess, Eddie W. Cupp, Thomas R. Unnasch

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A subregion of the mitochondrial large subunit (16s) rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from nine species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) which serve as natural or experimental vectors of human or bovine Onchocerca parasites. PCR products from each species of blackfly were tested by directed heteroduplex analysis (DHDA), and their genotypes established according to diagnostic banding patterns of the heteroduplex products. Three alleles of mitochondrial 16s rRNA were found to exist in members of the Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum sensu lato complex from West Africa, and two alleles were found in the Neotropical Simulium (Psilopelmia …

Genome Research And Traditional Intellectual Property Protection -- A Bad Fit?, Kate H. Murashige

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Murashige addresses the need for a patent system more closely tailored to the needs of biotechnology. For example, the obviousness requirement may interfere with using patents to recoup high costs of work when it could arguably be done by researchers of ordinary skill.

Offshore Constitutional Settlement 1995, H. G. Brayford, G. E. Lyon

Fisheries Management Papers

The Offshore Constitutional Settlement OCS is a legal arrangement between the Commonwealth and State Governments, and defines control over the fisheries which operate off each State of Australia. For the Western Australian coast, the first set of arrangements took effect in 1987. The OCS of 1995 specifies five arrangements, under which the fisheries inside the 200 nautical mile approximately 370 km limit of the Australian Fishing Zone AFZ come under either State, Commonwealth, or joint control.

Anion Induced Blue To Purple Transition In Bacteriorhodopsin, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Anil K. Singh

Faculty Works

Purple membrane (PM, λ" role="presentation">λmax" role="presentation">max 570 nm) of H. halobium on treatment with sulphuric acid changes its colour to blue (λ" role="presentation">λmax" role="presentation">max 608 nm). The purple chromophore can be regenerated from the blue chromophore by exogeneous addition of anions such as CI−" role="presentation">− and HPO42−" role="presentation">2−4. Chloride ion is found to be more effective than the dibasic phosphate ion in regenerating the purple chromophore. Nevertheless, one thing common to the anion regeneration is that both CI−" role="presentation">− and HPO42−" role="presentation">2−4 show marked pH effect. At pH 1.0 the efficiency of …

Metal-Resistance Genetically Engineered Bacteria, Sylvia Daunert, Donna Scott, Sridhar Ramanathan

KWRRI Research Reports

Bacterial-based electrochemical and optical sensing systems that respond in a highly selective and sensitive manner to antimonite and arsenite have been developed. This was accomplished by using genetically engineered bacteria bearing one of two plasmids constructed for our studies. The first plasmid, pBGD23, contains the operator/promoter region (O/P) and the gene of the ArsR protein from the ars operon upstream from the β-galactosidase gene. In the absence of antimonite/arsenite, ArsR binds to the 0/P site and prevents the transcription of the genes for ArsR and β-galactosidase, thus blocking expression of these proteins. When antimonite or arsenite is present in the …

Expression Of The Human Milk Protein, Beta-Casein : In Transgenic Potato Plants, Wendy Roberts

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Mother’s milk is recommended by the nutritional and pediatric communities as the best food for suckling infants. For non breast-fed infants, bovine milk-based formulas have been regarded as a suitable substitute. In the early 1900's, physicians found that foreign proteins in cow milk were responsible for gastrointestinal disease and even digestive collapse of the newborn fed a cow milk-based diet¹⁶. The allergenicity of cow milk for the human infant appears to be caused predominantly by p-casein¹⁷. In this research, the cDNA encoding human p-casein was introduced into potato cells under the control of the bidirectional, auxin-inducible …

Social Issues Of Genome Innovation And Intellectual Property, Elaine Alma Draper

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Draper's focus is the use of personal information derived from genome research. She identifies several potential problems, including access to and control of genetic information, employment discrimination and social stratification. She also recommends possible solutions.

An Account Of Expert Phylogenetic Tree Construction From The Problem-Solving Research Tradition In Science Education, Steven D. Brewer

Dissertations

Content knowledge, strategic knowledge, and forms of knowledge organization used in phylogenetic tree construction are described to account for expert performance. A literature review is used to situate this research with respect to studies of: (a) the teaching of evolution, (b) problem-solving expertise, (c) physics and biology problem solving, and (d) the practice of phylogenetic systematics. Rationales are provided for the development of a computer-based problem-solving environment, model problems, and research problems and methodology.

Each problem consisted of a matrix of coded and polarized phylogenetic data organized by taxa and characters. Four series of research problems were constructed that varied …