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Articles 91 - 120 of 397
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Wnt Signaling Determines Body Axis Polarity In Regenerating Hydra Tissue Fragments, R. Wang, R. E. Steele, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Wnt Signaling Determines Body Axis Polarity In Regenerating Hydra Tissue Fragments, R. Wang, R. E. Steele, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Biology Faculty Works
How an animal establishes its body axis is a fundamental question in developmental biology. The freshwater cnidarian Hydra is an attractive model for studying axis formation because it is radially symmetric, with a single oral-aboral axis. It was recently proposed that the orientation of the new body axis in a regenerating Hydra polyp is determined by the oral-aboral orientation of the actin-myosin contractile processes (myonemes) in the animal’s outer epithelial layer. However, it remained unclear how the oral-aboral polarity of the body axis would be defined. As Wnt signaling is known to control axis polarity in Hydra and bilaterians, we …
Arabidopsis Heat Shock Granules Exhibit Dynamic Cellular Behavior And Can Form In Response To Protein Misfolding In The Absence Of Elevated Temperatures, Rosalie Lawrence , '12, Nicholas J. Kaplinsky
Arabidopsis Heat Shock Granules Exhibit Dynamic Cellular Behavior And Can Form In Response To Protein Misfolding In The Absence Of Elevated Temperatures, Rosalie Lawrence , '12, Nicholas J. Kaplinsky
Biology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Deploying Big Data To Crack The Genotype To Phenotype Code, E. L. Westerman, S. E. J. Bowman, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91, M. C. Davis, E. R. Larson, C. Sanford
Deploying Big Data To Crack The Genotype To Phenotype Code, E. L. Westerman, S. E. J. Bowman, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91, M. C. Davis, E. R. Larson, C. Sanford
Biology Faculty Works
Mechanistically connecting genotypes to phenotypes is a longstanding and central mission of biology. Deciphering these connections will unite questions and datasets across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Although high-throughput sequencing has provided a rich platform on which to launch this effort, tools for deciphering mechanisms further along the genome to phenome pipeline remain limited. Machine learning approaches and other emerging computational tools hold the promise of augmenting human efforts to overcome these obstacles. This vision paper is the result of a Reintegrating Biology Workshop, bringing together the perspectives of integrative and comparative biologists to survey challenges and opportunities in …
The Tropical Seagrass Halophila Stipulacea: Reviewing What We Know From Its Native And Invasive Habitats, Alongside Identifying Knowledge Gaps, Gidon Winters, Sven Beer, Demian A. Willette, Inés G. Viana, Kelcie L. Chiquillo, Pedro Beca-Carretero, Betty Villamayor, Tomás Azcárate-García, Rachamim Shem-Tov, Bridget Mwabvu, Luciana Migliore, Alice Rotini, Michelle A. Oscar, Jonathan Belmaker, Inbal Gamliel, Ana Alexandre, Aschwin H. Engelen, Gabriele Procaccini, Gil Rilov
The Tropical Seagrass Halophila Stipulacea: Reviewing What We Know From Its Native And Invasive Habitats, Alongside Identifying Knowledge Gaps, Gidon Winters, Sven Beer, Demian A. Willette, Inés G. Viana, Kelcie L. Chiquillo, Pedro Beca-Carretero, Betty Villamayor, Tomás Azcárate-García, Rachamim Shem-Tov, Bridget Mwabvu, Luciana Migliore, Alice Rotini, Michelle A. Oscar, Jonathan Belmaker, Inbal Gamliel, Ana Alexandre, Aschwin H. Engelen, Gabriele Procaccini, Gil Rilov
Biology Faculty Works
Halophila stipulacea is a small tropical seagrass, native to the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Indian Ocean. It invaded the Mediterranean Sea 150 years ago as a Lessepsian migrant, but so far has remained in insulated, small populations across this basin. Surprisingly, in 2002 it was reported in the Caribbean Sea, where within less than two decades it spread to most of the Caribbean Island nations and reaching the South American continent. Unlike its invasion of Mediterranean, in the Caribbean H. stipulacea creates large, continuous populations in many areas. Reports from the Caribbean demonstrated the invasiveness of H. stipulacea …
Evolution Of Feeding Shapes Swimming Kinematics Of Barnacle Naupliar Larvae: A Comparison Between Trophic Modes, J. Y. Wong, B. K. K. Chan, Kit Yu Karen Chan
Evolution Of Feeding Shapes Swimming Kinematics Of Barnacle Naupliar Larvae: A Comparison Between Trophic Modes, J. Y. Wong, B. K. K. Chan, Kit Yu Karen Chan
Biology Faculty Works
A central goal in evolutionary biology is connecting morphological features with ecological functions. For marine invertebrate larvae, appendage movement determines locomotion, feeding, and predator avoidance ability. Barnacle larvae are morphologically diverse, and the morphology of non-feeding lecithotrophic nauplii are distinct from those that are planktotrophic. Lecithotrophic larvae have a more globular body shape and simplified appendages when compared with planktotrophs. However, little is known about whether and how such morphological changes affect kinematics, hydrodynamics, and ecological functions. Here, we compared the nauplii kinematics and hydrodynamics of a lecithotrophic Rhizocephalan species, Polyascus planus, against that of the planktotrophic nauplii of an …
Dugesia Japonica Is The Best Suited Of Three Planarian Species For High-Throughput Toxicology Screening, Danielle Ireland, Veronica Bochenek , '22, Daniel Chaiken , '20, Christina Rabeler, Sumi Onoe , '21, Ameet Soni, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Dugesia Japonica Is The Best Suited Of Three Planarian Species For High-Throughput Toxicology Screening, Danielle Ireland, Veronica Bochenek , '22, Daniel Chaiken , '20, Christina Rabeler, Sumi Onoe , '21, Ameet Soni, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Biology Faculty Works
High-throughput screening (HTS) using new approach methods is revolutionizing toxicology. Asexual freshwater planarians are a promising invertebrate model for neurotoxicity HTS because their diverse behaviors can be used as quantitative readouts of neuronal function. Currently, three planarian species are commonly used in toxicology research: Dugesia japonica, Schmidtea mediterranea, and Girardia tigrina. However, only D. japonica has been demonstrated to be suitable for HTS. Here, we assess the two other species for HTS suitability by direct comparison with D. japonica. Through quantitative assessments of morphology and multiple behaviors, we assayed the effects of 4 common solvents (DMSO, …
Temporal Variability Modulates Ph Impact On Larval Sea Urchin Development: Themed Issue Article: Biomechanics And Climate Change, Kit Yu Karen Chan, C. S. D. Tong , '20
Temporal Variability Modulates Ph Impact On Larval Sea Urchin Development: Themed Issue Article: Biomechanics And Climate Change, Kit Yu Karen Chan, C. S. D. Tong , '20
Biology Faculty Works
Coastal organisms reside in highly dynamic habitats. Global climate change is expected to alter not only the mean of the physical conditions experienced but also the frequencies and/or the magnitude of fluctuations of environmental factors. Understanding responses in an ecologically relevant context is essential for formulating management strategies. In particular, there are increasing suggestions that exposure to fluctuations could alleviate the impact of climate change-related stressors by selecting for plasticity that may help acclimatization to future conditions. However, it remains unclear whether the presence of fluctuations alone is sufficient to confer such effects or whether the pattern of the fluctuations …
Inferring Tunicate Relationships And The Evolution Of The Tunicate Hox Cluster With The Genome Of Corella Inflata, M. B. Debiasse, William N. Colgan , '19, Lincoln J. Harris , '17, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91, J. F. Ryan
Inferring Tunicate Relationships And The Evolution Of The Tunicate Hox Cluster With The Genome Of Corella Inflata, M. B. Debiasse, William N. Colgan , '19, Lincoln J. Harris , '17, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91, J. F. Ryan
Biology Faculty Works
Tunicates, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, have served as a foundational model of early embryonic development for decades. Comparative studies of tunicate phylogeny and genome evolution provide a critical framework for analyzing chordate diversification and the emergence of vertebrates. Towards this goal, we sequenced the genome of Corella inflata (Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia), so named for the capacity to brood self-fertilized embryos in a modified, “inflated” atrial chamber. Combining the new genome sequence for Co. inflata with publicly available tunicate data, we estimated a tunicate species phylogeny, reconstructed the ancestral Hox gene cluster at important nodes in the tunicate tree, and …
Probing The Function Of Long Noncoding Rnas In The Nucleus, Sajal Medha K. Akkipeddi , '20, A. J. Velleca, Dawn M. Carone
Probing The Function Of Long Noncoding Rnas In The Nucleus, Sajal Medha K. Akkipeddi , '20, A. J. Velleca, Dawn M. Carone
Biology Faculty Works
The nucleus is a highly organized and dynamic environment where regulation and coordination of processes such as gene expression and DNA replication are paramount. In recent years, noncoding RNAs have emerged as key participants in the regulation of nuclear processes. There are a multitude of functional roles for long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), mediated through their ability to act as molecular scaffolds bridging interactions with proteins, chromatin, and other RNA molecules within the nuclear environment. In this review, we discuss the diversity of techniques that have been developed to probe the function of nuclear lncRNAs, along with the ways in which …
Discovery Of Bilaterian-Type Through-Guts In Cloudinomorphs From The Terminal Ediacaran Period, J. D. Schiffbauer, T. Selly, S. M. Jacquet, Rachel Merz, L. L. Nelson, M. A. Strange, Y. Cai, E. F. Smith
Discovery Of Bilaterian-Type Through-Guts In Cloudinomorphs From The Terminal Ediacaran Period, J. D. Schiffbauer, T. Selly, S. M. Jacquet, Rachel Merz, L. L. Nelson, M. A. Strange, Y. Cai, E. F. Smith
Biology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Metaphors For A New Body Politic: Gaia As Holobiont, Scott F. Gilbert
Metaphors For A New Body Politic: Gaia As Holobiont, Scott F. Gilbert
Biology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Toward A Symbiotic Perspective On Public Health: Recognizing The Ambivalence Of Microbes In The Anthropocene, S. Sariola, Scott F. Gilbert
Toward A Symbiotic Perspective On Public Health: Recognizing The Ambivalence Of Microbes In The Anthropocene, S. Sariola, Scott F. Gilbert
Biology Faculty Works
Microbes evolve in complex environments that are often fashioned, in part, by human desires. In a global perspective, public health has played major roles in structuring how microbes are perceived, cultivated, and destroyed. The germ theory of disease cast microbes as enemies of the body and the body politic. Antibiotics have altered microbial development by providing stringent natural selection on bacterial species, and this has led to the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Public health perspectives such as “Precision Public Health” and “One Health” have recently been proposed to further manage microbial populations. However, neither of these take into account …
Humanity’S Best Friend: A Dog-Centric Approach To Addressing Global Challenges, Eric Strauss
Humanity’S Best Friend: A Dog-Centric Approach To Addressing Global Challenges, Eric Strauss
Biology Faculty Works
No other animal has a closer mutualistic relationship with humans than the dog (Canis familiaris). Domesticated from the Eurasian grey wolf (Canis lupus), dogs have evolved alongside humans over millennia in a relationship that has transformed dogs and the environments in which humans and dogs have co-inhabited. The story of the dog is the story of recent humanity, in all its biological and cultural complexity. By exploring human-dog-environment interactions throughout time and space, it is possible not only to understand vital elements of global history, but also to critically assess our present-day relationship with the natural world, and to begin …
Seasonally Specific Changes In Migration Phenology Across 50 Years In The Black-Throated Blue Warbler, Kristen M. Covino, Kyle G. Horton, Sara R. Morris
Seasonally Specific Changes In Migration Phenology Across 50 Years In The Black-Throated Blue Warbler, Kristen M. Covino, Kyle G. Horton, Sara R. Morris
Biology Faculty Works
The availability of detailed information that encompasses the geographic range of a species, spans a long-term temporal range, and yields individual information (e.g., age and sex), is a principle challenge in ecology. To this end, the North American Bird Banding Laboratory maintains a unique and underutilized dataset that can be used to address core questions of phenological change in migratory birds. We used records from 1966 to 2015 to quantify how the timing of migration has shifted in a long-distance migrant, the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens). Additionally, we examined age and sex differences in the timing of migratory movements. …
Inaccurate And Biased Global Media Coverage Underlies Public Misunderstanding Of Shark Conservation Threats And Solutions, Sarah Joy Bittick
Inaccurate And Biased Global Media Coverage Underlies Public Misunderstanding Of Shark Conservation Threats And Solutions, Sarah Joy Bittick
Biology Faculty Works
Sharks are a taxon of significant conservation concern and associated public interest. The scientific community largely supports management policies focusing on sustainable fisheries exploitation of sharks, but many concerned members of the public and some environmental advocates believe that sustainable shark fisheries cannot and do not exist and therefore support total bans on all shark fisheries and/or trade in shark products. The belief that sustainable shark fisheries cannot and do not exist persists despite scientific evidence showing that they can and do, and are important to livelihoods. Additionally, many concerned members of the public are only aware of one threat …
Spring Migration Of Blackpoll Warblers Across North America, Kristen M. Covino, Sara R. Morris, Mark Shieldcastle Shieldcastle, Philip D. Taylor
Spring Migration Of Blackpoll Warblers Across North America, Kristen M. Covino, Sara R. Morris, Mark Shieldcastle Shieldcastle, Philip D. Taylor
Biology Faculty Works
The awe-inspiring seasonal migrations of birds between breeding and wintering grounds has long attracted the interest of casual naturalists and professional ornithologists alike. Although new technologies improve our ability to follow individual migrants throughout their annual cycle, the scale and detail provided by banding records remain incredibly valuable. The focus of avian migration studies is often the most physiologically challenging migratory feats that sometimes leaves certain species or seasons relatively understudied. The Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata) is well-known for its transoceanic migratory flight during fall migration, the season in which it is best studied, yet the details of its spring …
Investigating Los Angeles' Urban Roadway Network From A Biologically-Formed Perspective, Sophia Deen, Tatiana Kuzmenko, Demian A. Willette, Hossein Asghari
Investigating Los Angeles' Urban Roadway Network From A Biologically-Formed Perspective, Sophia Deen, Tatiana Kuzmenko, Demian A. Willette, Hossein Asghari
Biology Faculty Works
The evolution of networks is constrained by spatial properties of the environment; a characterization that is true in both biological and built networks. Hence built networks such as urban streets can be compared to biological networks to reveal differences in efficiency and complexity. This study assessed foraging networks created by the slime-mold Physarium polycephalum on proportional 3D-printed topographic maps of metropolitan city of Los Angeles, California. Rapidly-generated isomorphic solutions were found to be consistently and statistically shorter than existing roadways in system length. Slime mold also allocated resources to supporting key nodes, analogous to how heavy traffic flows through major …
Herbivory Strength Is Similar Or Even Greater In Algal-Compared To Coral-Dominated Habitats On A Recovering Coral Reef, Sarah Joy Bittick
Herbivory Strength Is Similar Or Even Greater In Algal-Compared To Coral-Dominated Habitats On A Recovering Coral Reef, Sarah Joy Bittick
Biology Faculty Works
Coral reefs are increasingly shifting to algal dominance after disturbances. While herbivory that controls algal biomass may influence the stability of coral versus algal states, most reefs are overfished. Despite this, little is known about the contribution of smaller fishes to herbivory, especially in algal versus coral post-disturbance habitats, where differences in structural complexity may also influence herbivory. After coral loss driven by a predator outbreak in Mo’orea, French Polynesia, the benthic community comprised a mosaic patchwork of remnant coral, the brown macroalga Turbinaria ornata on the reef flat, and turf algae (filaments) along the reef slope. We partitioned fish …
Incorporating Physiology Into Species Distribution Models Moderates The Projected Impact Of Warming On Mediterranean Marine Species, Inbal Gamliel, Yehezkel Buba, Tamar Guy-Haim, Tal Garval, Demian A. Willette, Gil Rilov, Jonathan Belmaker
Incorporating Physiology Into Species Distribution Models Moderates The Projected Impact Of Warming On Mediterranean Marine Species, Inbal Gamliel, Yehezkel Buba, Tamar Guy-Haim, Tal Garval, Demian A. Willette, Gil Rilov, Jonathan Belmaker
Biology Faculty Works
Species distribution models (SDMs) correlate species occurrences with environmental predictors, and can be used to forecast distributions under future climates. SDMs have been criticized for not explicitly including the physiological processes underlying the species response to the environment. Recently, new methods have been suggested to combine SDMs with physiological estimates of performance (physiology-SDMs). In this study, we compare SDM and physiology-SDM predictions for select marine species in the Mediterranean Sea, a region subjected to exceptionally rapid climate change. We focused on six species and created physiology-SDMs that incorporate physiological thermal performance curves from experimental data with species occurrence records. We …
Pharmacological Or Genetic Targeting Of Transient Receptor Potential (Trp) Channels Can Disrupt The Planarian Escape Response, Ziad Sabry , '21, A. Ho, Danielle Ireland, Christina Rabeler, O. Cochet-Escartin, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Pharmacological Or Genetic Targeting Of Transient Receptor Potential (Trp) Channels Can Disrupt The Planarian Escape Response, Ziad Sabry , '21, A. Ho, Danielle Ireland, Christina Rabeler, O. Cochet-Escartin, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Biology Faculty Works
In response to noxious stimuli, planarians cease their typical ciliary gliding and exhibit an oscillatory type of locomotion called scrunching. We have previously characterized the biomechanics of scrunching and shown that it is induced by specific stimuli, such as amputation, noxious heat, and extreme pH. Because these specific inducers are known to activate Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in other systems, we hypothesized that TRP channels control scrunching. We found that chemicals known to activate TRPA1 (allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and hydrogen peroxide) and TRPV (capsaicin and anandamide) in other systems induce scrunching in the planarian species Dugesia japonica and, except …
Aniseed 2019: 4d Exploration Of Genetic Data For An Extended Range Of Tunicates, J. Dardaillon, D. Dauga, P. Simion, E. Faure, T. A. Onuma, M. B. Debiasse, A. Louis, K. R. Nitta, M. Naville, L. Besnardeau, W. Reeves, K. Wang, M. Fagotto, M. Guéroult-Bellone, S. Fujiwara, R. Dumollard, M. Veeman, J.-N. Volff, H. Roest Crollius, E. Douzery, J. F. Ryan, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91, H. Nishida, C. Dantec, P. Lemaire
Aniseed 2019: 4d Exploration Of Genetic Data For An Extended Range Of Tunicates, J. Dardaillon, D. Dauga, P. Simion, E. Faure, T. A. Onuma, M. B. Debiasse, A. Louis, K. R. Nitta, M. Naville, L. Besnardeau, W. Reeves, K. Wang, M. Fagotto, M. Guéroult-Bellone, S. Fujiwara, R. Dumollard, M. Veeman, J.-N. Volff, H. Roest Crollius, E. Douzery, J. F. Ryan, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91, H. Nishida, C. Dantec, P. Lemaire
Biology Faculty Works
ANISEED (https://www.aniseed.cnrs.fr) is the main model organism database for the worldwide community of scientists working on tunicates, the vertebrate sister-group. Information provided for each species includes functionally-annotated gene and transcript models with orthology relationships within tunicates, and with echinoderms, cephalochordates and vertebrates. Beyond genes the system describes other genetic elements, including repeated elements and cis-regulatory modules. Gene expression profiles for several thousand genes are formalized in both wild-type and experimentally-manipulated conditions, using formal anatomical ontologies. These data can be explored through three complementary types of browsers, each offering a different view-point. A developmental browser summarizes the information in a gene- …
Linalool Acts As A Fast And Reversible Anesthetic In Hydra, T. Goel, R. Wang, S Martin, Elizabeth Y. Lanphear , '19, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Linalool Acts As A Fast And Reversible Anesthetic In Hydra, T. Goel, R. Wang, S Martin, Elizabeth Y. Lanphear , '19, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Biology Faculty Works
The ability to make transgenic Hydra lines has allowed for quantitative in vivo studies of Hydra regeneration and physiology. These studies commonly include excision, grafting and transplantation experiments along with high-resolution imaging of live animals, which can be challenging due to the animal’s response to touch and light stimuli. While various anesthetics have been used in Hydra studies, they tend to be toxic over the course of a few hours or their long-term effects on animal health are unknown. Here, we show that the monoterpenoid alcohol linalool is a useful anesthetic for Hydra. Linalool is easy to use, non-toxic, fast …
Variable Levels Of Drift In Tunicate Cardiopharyngeal Gene Regulatory Elements, W. Colgan, A. Leanza, A. Hwang, M. B. Debiasse, Isabel Llosa , '20, Daniel Rodrigues , '21, Hriju Adhikari , '20, Guillermo Barreto Corona , '19, Saskia Bock , '20, Amanda T. Carillo-Perez , '19, Meagan Currie , '20, S. Darkoa-Larbi, D. Dellal, Hanna Gutow , '20, P. Hokama, E. Kibby, N. Linhart, S. Moody, Allison Naganuma , '20, D. Nguyen, Ryan Stanton , '20, S. Stark, Cameron Tumey , '21, A. Velleca, J. F. Ryan, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91
Variable Levels Of Drift In Tunicate Cardiopharyngeal Gene Regulatory Elements, W. Colgan, A. Leanza, A. Hwang, M. B. Debiasse, Isabel Llosa , '20, Daniel Rodrigues , '21, Hriju Adhikari , '20, Guillermo Barreto Corona , '19, Saskia Bock , '20, Amanda T. Carillo-Perez , '19, Meagan Currie , '20, S. Darkoa-Larbi, D. Dellal, Hanna Gutow , '20, P. Hokama, E. Kibby, N. Linhart, S. Moody, Allison Naganuma , '20, D. Nguyen, Ryan Stanton , '20, S. Stark, Cameron Tumey , '21, A. Velleca, J. F. Ryan, Bradley Justin Davidson , '91
Biology Faculty Works
Background: Mutations in gene regulatory networks often lead to genetic divergence without impacting gene expression or developmental patterning. The rules governing this process of developmental systems drift, including the variable impact of selective constraints on different nodes in a gene regulatory network, remain poorly delineated. Results: Here we examine developmental systems drift within the cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory networks of two tunicate species, Corella inflata and Ciona robusta. Cross-species analysis of regulatory elements suggests that trans-regulatory architecture is largely conserved between these highly divergent species. In contrast, cis-regulatory elements within this network exhibit distinct levels of conservation. In particular, while most …
Mouth Function Determines The Shape Oscillation Pattern In Regenerating Hydra Tissue Spheres, R. Wang, T. Goel, K. Khazoyan, Ziad Sabry , '21, H. J. Quan, P. H. Diamond, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Mouth Function Determines The Shape Oscillation Pattern In Regenerating Hydra Tissue Spheres, R. Wang, T. Goel, K. Khazoyan, Ziad Sabry , '21, H. J. Quan, P. H. Diamond, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Biology Faculty Works
Hydra is a small freshwater polyp capable of regeneration from small tissue pieces and from aggregates of cells. During regeneration, a hollow bilayered sphere is formed that undergoes osmotically driven shape oscillations of inflation and rupture. These oscillations are necessary for successful regeneration. Eventually, the oscillating sphere breaks rotational symmetry along the future head-foot axis of the animal. Notably, the shape oscillations show an abrupt shift from large-amplitude, long-period oscillations to small-amplitude, short-period oscillations. It has been widely accepted that this shift in oscillation pattern is linked to symmetry breaking and axis formation, and current theoretical models of Hydra symmetry …
Developmental Symbiosis Facilitates The Multiple Origins Of Herbivory, Scott F. Gilbert
Developmental Symbiosis Facilitates The Multiple Origins Of Herbivory, Scott F. Gilbert
Biology Faculty Works
Developmental bias toward particular evolutionary trajectories can be facilitated through symbiosis. Organisms are holobionts, consisting of zygote‐derived cells and a consortia of microbes, and the development, physiology, and immunity of animals are properties of complex interactions between the zygote‐derived cells and microbial symbionts. Such symbionts can be agents of developmental plasticity, allowing an organism to develop in particular directions. This plasticity can lead to genetic assimilation either through the incorporation of microbial genes into host genomes or through the direct maternal transmission of the microbes. Such plasticity can lead to niche construction, enabling the microbes to remodel host anatomy and/or …
Screening For Neurotoxic Potential Of 15 Flame Retardants Using Freshwater Planarians, S. Zhang, Danielle Ireland, N. S. Sipes, M. Behl, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Screening For Neurotoxic Potential Of 15 Flame Retardants Using Freshwater Planarians, S. Zhang, Danielle Ireland, N. S. Sipes, M. Behl, Eva-Maria S. Collins
Biology Faculty Works
Asexual freshwater planarians are an attractive invertebrate model for high-throughput neurotoxicity screening, because they possess multiple quantifiable behaviors to assess distinct neuronal functions. Planarians uniquely allow direct comparisons between developing and adult animals to distinguish developmentally selective effects from general neurotoxicity. In this study, we used our automated planarian screening platform to compare the neurotoxicity of 15 flame retardants (FRs), consisting of representative phased-out brominated (BFRs) and replacement organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs). OPFRs have emerged as a proposed safer alternative to BFRs; however, limited information is available on their health effects. We found 11 of the 15 FRs (3/6 BFRs, 7/8 …
Illumination Pattern Design With Deep Learning For Single-Shot Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy, Yi Fei Cheng , '21, Megan Strachan , '21, Zachary Weiss , '20, Moniher Deb , '19, Dawn M. Carone, Vidya Ganapati
Illumination Pattern Design With Deep Learning For Single-Shot Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy, Yi Fei Cheng , '21, Megan Strachan , '21, Zachary Weiss , '20, Moniher Deb , '19, Dawn M. Carone, Vidya Ganapati
Biology Faculty Works
Fourier ptychographic microscopy allows for the collection of images with a high space-bandwidth product at the cost of temporal resolution. In Fourier ptychographic microscopy, the light source of a conventional widefield microscope is replaced with a light-emitting diode (LED) matrix, and multiple images are collected with different LED illumination patterns. From these images, a higher-resolution image can be computationally reconstructed without sacrificing field-of-view. We use deep learning to achieve single-shot imaging without sacrificing the space-bandwidth product, reducing the acquisition time in Fourier ptychographic microscopy by a factor of 69. In our deep learning approach, a training dataset of high-resolution images …
Towards A Developmental Biology Of Holobionts, Scott F. Gilbert
Towards A Developmental Biology Of Holobionts, Scott F. Gilbert
Biology Faculty Works
We do not develop as monogenomic organisms, instructed solely from the DNA and cytoplasm of the zygote. Rather, we are holobionts, symbiotic consortia containing numerous microbial genomes, whose signals are critically important for our normal development. Microbes play crucial roles in forming and maturing animal guts, immune systems, nervous systems, and reproductive organs. In some species, they regulate such developmental phenomena as the proper orientation of the anterior-posterior axis and metamorphosis. One of the biggest challenges to developmental biology, then, is studying the developmental biology of holobionts, where co-development is the rule, and where the body is seen as a …
Nineteen Years Of Consistently Positive And Strong Female Mate Preferences Despite Individual Variation, M. J. Ryan, K. A. Akre, Alexander T. Baugh, X. E. Bernal, A. M. Lea, C. Leslie, M. B. Still, D. Wylie, A. S. Rand
Nineteen Years Of Consistently Positive And Strong Female Mate Preferences Despite Individual Variation, M. J. Ryan, K. A. Akre, Alexander T. Baugh, X. E. Bernal, A. M. Lea, C. Leslie, M. B. Still, D. Wylie, A. S. Rand
Biology Faculty Works
Sexual selection driven by mate choice has generated some of the most astounding diversity in nature, suggesting population-level preferences should be strong and consistent over many generations. On the other hand, mating preferences are among the least repeatable components of an individual animal’s phenotype, suggesting low consistency across an animal’s lifetime. Despite decades of intensive study of sexual selection there is almost no information about the strength and consistency of preferences across many years. In this study we present the results of over 5000 mate choice tests with a species of wild frog conducted over 19 consecutive years. Results show …
Dna Barcoding Cannot Discriminate Between Sardinella Tawilis And S. Hualiensis (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), Alison Faye O. Chan, Adrian U. Luczon, Ian Kendrick C. Fontanilla, Perry S. Ong, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Demian A. Willette, Jonas P. Quilang
Dna Barcoding Cannot Discriminate Between Sardinella Tawilis And S. Hualiensis (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), Alison Faye O. Chan, Adrian U. Luczon, Ian Kendrick C. Fontanilla, Perry S. Ong, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Demian A. Willette, Jonas P. Quilang
Biology Faculty Works
Sardinella tawilis, the only known freshwater sardinella in the world, is endemic to Taal Lake, Philippines. Previous studies found the Taiwan sardinella, S. hualiensis, to be morphologically very similar to S. tawilis and identified it as the marine sister species of S. tawilis. In this study, DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was carried out to analyze species demarcation in the Sardinella genus, focusing primarily on the relationship between S. tawilis and S. hualiensis. The neighbour-joining (NJ) tree that was constructed using Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model showed a single clade for the two species with …