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Articles 601 - 630 of 1681
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Androgenic Responses Of 64 Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)Genotypes To Shed-Microspore Culture In The Autumn Season, Esi̇n Ari, Hi̇lal Bedi̇r, Selcen Yildirim, Tolga Yildirim
Androgenic Responses Of 64 Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)Genotypes To Shed-Microspore Culture In The Autumn Season, Esi̇n Ari, Hi̇lal Bedi̇r, Selcen Yildirim, Tolga Yildirim
Turkish Journal of Biology
The recent gradual increase in interest and demand for multipurpose ornamental peppers has encouraged intensive breeding studies, especially for use in landscape. However, information in the literature about haploidy is limited. Thus, first, we intend to identify proper morphological markers for quick selection of suitable flower buds containing convenient microspores in two sample ornamental pepper genotypes with and without anthocyanin in external appearance. Secondly, the androgenic responses of 64 genotypes are determined in the autumn season through shed-microspore culture. Based on DAPI-assisted results, the calyx/bud ratio can be used as an effective morphological marker for proper bud selection in both …
Anatomical And Ultrastructural Responses Of Brassica Napus After Long-Term Exposure To Excess Zinc, Seyed Mousa Mousavi Kouhi, Mehrdad Lahouti, Ali Ganjeali, Mohammad Hassan Entezari
Anatomical And Ultrastructural Responses Of Brassica Napus After Long-Term Exposure To Excess Zinc, Seyed Mousa Mousavi Kouhi, Mehrdad Lahouti, Ali Ganjeali, Mohammad Hassan Entezari
Turkish Journal of Biology
Heavy metal contamination resulting from anthropogenic activities is one of the major environmental problems in the modern world. Progress toward creating modified plants that are more efficient in phytoremediation requires an understanding of the anatomical and ultrastructural changes involved in heavy metal accumulation. A large supply of zinc (Zn) is toxic for plants and can lead to functional and structural disorders. The present study investigates the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of Brassica napus (rapeseed) to excess Zn after long-term exposure. Results showed that Zn bioaccumulation in the roots and leaves of plants treated with 350 μM Zn2+ was severely increased, …
Pluripotent Stem Cells And Their Use In Hearing Loss, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Kepekçi̇, Okan Özgür Özturan, Mustafa Yavuz Köker
Pluripotent Stem Cells And Their Use In Hearing Loss, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Kepekçi̇, Okan Özgür Özturan, Mustafa Yavuz Köker
Turkish Journal of Biology
Throughout its half a century of development, stem cell research has included two main fields: embryonic stem (ES) cell research and the reprogramming of body somatic cells. In the present review we focused on stem cell reprogramming and its relation with otolaryngology. The human body somatic cells are transformed into pluripotent cells by three basic methods: the somatic nuclear transfer method, the somatic cell fusion method (getting cellular pluripotent capacity in cellular reprogramming), and by transcription factors influencing the body somatic cells to generate reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. ES cells and iPS cells have pluripotency and differentiate into …
Comparison Of Enzymatic And Nonenzymatic Isolation Methods For Endometrial Stem Cells, Polen Koçak, Serli̇ Cani̇kyan, Meli̇ke Batukan, Rukset Attar, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, Di̇lek Telci̇
Comparison Of Enzymatic And Nonenzymatic Isolation Methods For Endometrial Stem Cells, Polen Koçak, Serli̇ Cani̇kyan, Meli̇ke Batukan, Rukset Attar, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, Di̇lek Telci̇
Turkish Journal of Biology
Human endometrial stem cells (hESCs) are mesenchymal stem cells, which are responsible for the monthly renewal of the basal layer of the human endometrium by facilitating stromal and vascular regeneration. In this study, hESCs were isolated by using three different isolation methods including nonenzymatic and enzymatic digestion with trypsin and collagenase type 1. To determine the efficiency of these three methods, cells were characterized using a cell proliferation assay and mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cell markers. Our results demonstrate that although the nonenzymatic isolation method gave rise to hESCs that had a higher proliferative rate, the mesenchymal stem cell profiles …
Introgression Lines Obtained From The Cross Between Triticum Aestivumand Triticum Turgidum (Durum Wheat) As A Source Of Leaf And Stripe (Yellow)Rust Resistance Genes, Naimat Ullah, Muhammad Asif, Hussain Badshah, Tasmia Bashir, Abdul Samad Mumtaz
Introgression Lines Obtained From The Cross Between Triticum Aestivumand Triticum Turgidum (Durum Wheat) As A Source Of Leaf And Stripe (Yellow)Rust Resistance Genes, Naimat Ullah, Muhammad Asif, Hussain Badshah, Tasmia Bashir, Abdul Samad Mumtaz
Turkish Journal of Biology
Introgression lines (ILs) were produced from crosses of common hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (AABBDD) cultivars with tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) (AABB). These ILs were checked against diversity of crop-damaging fungal diseases and especially for leaf and stripe rusts, proved to be the most damaging biotic enemies in the world and especially in South Asia and the southern region of Pakistan. Microsatellite markers (STRs) were used to determine the frequency of translocations found on different chromosomes during the localization of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum). Two independent loci for stripe and leaf rust resistance were found on 2B and …
Effect Of The Ethylene Inhibitors Silver Nitrate, Silver Sulfate, And Cobalt Chloride On Micropropagation And Biochemical Parameters In The Cherryrootstocks Cab-6p And Gisela 6, Virginia Sarropoulou, Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou, Ioannis Therios
Effect Of The Ethylene Inhibitors Silver Nitrate, Silver Sulfate, And Cobalt Chloride On Micropropagation And Biochemical Parameters In The Cherryrootstocks Cab-6p And Gisela 6, Virginia Sarropoulou, Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou, Ioannis Therios
Turkish Journal of Biology
In the present study, the effects of three ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate (AgNO3), silver sulfate (Ag2SO4), and cobalt chloride (CoCl2), on the morphogenic and biochemical responses in CAB-6P and Gisela 6 cherry rootstocks were investigated. In both rootstocks, AgNO3 and Ag2SO4 promoted shoot regeneration while CoCl2 had such an effect only in Gisela 6. The rooting percentage of CAB-6P and Gisela 6 explants was diminished with AgNO3, Ag2SO4, and CoCl2. AgNO3 increased root number (40 μM) and root length (50 μM) in the CAB-6P rootstock while it had an inhibitory effect in Gisela 6. Ag2SO4 and CoCl2 enhanced root length …
Evaluation Of Apoptotic Cell Death Mechanisms Induced By Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy In Colon Cancer Cells, Aysun Kiliç Süloğlu, Eli̇f Karacaoğlu, Güldeni̇z Selmanoğlu, Hayri̇ye Akel, İbrahi̇m Çağatay Karaaslan
Evaluation Of Apoptotic Cell Death Mechanisms Induced By Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy In Colon Cancer Cells, Aysun Kiliç Süloğlu, Eli̇f Karacaoğlu, Güldeni̇z Selmanoğlu, Hayri̇ye Akel, İbrahi̇m Çağatay Karaaslan
Turkish Journal of Biology
Hypericin (HYP)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new alternative treatment strategy for colon cancer inducing various cell-death pathways. Apoptotic cell death is the desired cellular fate in cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the apoptotic pathways by determining apoptosis-related proteins (survivin, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax) at the mRNA level using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the percentage of survivin was determined by survivin ELISA in HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cell lines. The downregulation of survivin was significant 16 h after PDT for both cells, while caspase-3 upregulation was apparent 24 h after PDT. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 upregulations were …
Emerging Roles Of Adamts Metalloproteinases In Regenerativemedicine And Restorative Biology, Ferah Armutcu, Kadi̇r Demi̇rcan
Emerging Roles Of Adamts Metalloproteinases In Regenerativemedicine And Restorative Biology, Ferah Armutcu, Kadi̇r Demi̇rcan
Turkish Journal of Biology
ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) proteinases degrade proteoglycans and thereby have the potential to alter tissue architecture and regulate cellular function. Recent studies about the roles of these enzymes have produced new perspectives for the molecular mechanisms behind regenerative biology with clinical potential to generate therapeutic targets to resolve tissue injury. ADAMTS enzymes play an important role in the turnover of extracellular matrix proteins in various tissues and their dysregulation has been implicated in disease-related processes such as inflammation and fibrosis. Increasing evidence indicates that they may be of key significance in the physiological and pathological central …
Controlled Nitric Oxide Release For Tissue Repair And Regeneration, Yan Nie, Zongjin Li
Controlled Nitric Oxide Release For Tissue Repair And Regeneration, Yan Nie, Zongjin Li
Turkish Journal of Biology
The discovery that nitric oxide (NO) plays crucial roles in mammalian systems has spurred considerable interest in its translational application. However, the major problem with its application in clinical settings is the high reactivity of NO, which makes it difficult to supply NO with spatiotemporal accuracy while maintaining its bioactivity. To deliver NO at a specified rate to a preferred location for a precise period of time is highly demanded. The significant technological advancements in controlled release make it possible to control NO release at the target site with a sustained release rate and an optimum concentration, and then provide …
Preparation Of A Transferrin-Targeted M13-Based Gene Nanocarrier And Evaluation Of Its Efficacy For Gene Delivery And Expression In Eukaryote Cells, Mohammad Khalajkondori, Mahboobeh Kavoosi, Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi, Mehdi Kadivar
Preparation Of A Transferrin-Targeted M13-Based Gene Nanocarrier And Evaluation Of Its Efficacy For Gene Delivery And Expression In Eukaryote Cells, Mohammad Khalajkondori, Mahboobeh Kavoosi, Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi, Mehdi Kadivar
Turkish Journal of Biology
Bacteriophages are appropriate gene carriers that might be targeted toward target cells using different strategies. Here we prepared a transferrin-targeted M13-based gene nanocarrier (Tf-targeted M13-GFP) and examined its gene delivery and expression efficacy in the AGS cell line. M13 phagemid particles bearing a GFP expression cassette (M13-GFP) were obtained from a recombinant lambda phage through an in vivo excision procedure. Chemical coupling of human holotransferrin molecules (Tf) to the surface of these phagemid particles resulted in Tf-targeted M13-GFP formation, which was then characterized by Phage-ELISA and Cell-ELISA experiments. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were used for internalization …
Evaluation Of Genotoxic And Cytologic Effects Of Environmental Stressin Wheat Species With Different Ploidy Levels, Sefa Pekol, Mehmet Cengi̇z Baloğlu, Yasemi̇n Çeli̇k Altunoğlu
Evaluation Of Genotoxic And Cytologic Effects Of Environmental Stressin Wheat Species With Different Ploidy Levels, Sefa Pekol, Mehmet Cengi̇z Baloğlu, Yasemi̇n Çeli̇k Altunoğlu
Turkish Journal of Biology
Drought and salinity induce biochemical, physiological, morphological, and genetic responses in plants. To understand the damage to different wheat species caused by these stresses, we investigated root-shoot growth, cell division, chromosomal aberrations, and nucleolus organizer regions (AgNORs) in root tip cells. Inhibition of root and shoot growth were observed in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat genotypes after salt and drought stresses. Both stresses had adverse effects on dividing cells in root tips of all wheat species and caused a decrease in mitotic index values. Salt and drought lead to the induction of chromosome aberrations and repression of interphase AgNOR parameters. …
Flavonoid Dynamic Responses To Different Drought Conditions: Amount, Type, And Localization Of Flavonols In Roots And Shoots Of Arabidopsis Thaliana L., Behrokh Shojaie, Akbar Mostajeran, Mustafa Ghanadian
Flavonoid Dynamic Responses To Different Drought Conditions: Amount, Type, And Localization Of Flavonols In Roots And Shoots Of Arabidopsis Thaliana L., Behrokh Shojaie, Akbar Mostajeran, Mustafa Ghanadian
Turkish Journal of Biology
Flavonoids accumulate in plants in response to water deficit. Changes in amount, type, and localization of flavonoids under different drought conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana have not been well investigated. Therefore, in this study flavonoid patterns were investigated under water potentials of -0.2, -0.5, and -0.9 MPa at 0, 24, 48, 120, and 192 h after drought induction. Determination of amount and type of flavonoids was performed by HPLC and spectroscopy. In addition, localization of flavonoids was detected by DPBA staining and a fluorescent microscope. Only quercetin and kaempferol were detected in hydrolyzed extracts of roots and shoots. The maximum amounts …
Modeling Of Prnd Protein From Pseudomonas Fluorescens Rajnb11 And Its Comparative Structural Analysis With Prnd Proteins Expressed In Burkholderia And Serratia, Ram Nageena Singh, Raghvendra Pratap Singh, Anjana Sharma, Anil Kumar Saxena
Modeling Of Prnd Protein From Pseudomonas Fluorescens Rajnb11 And Its Comparative Structural Analysis With Prnd Proteins Expressed In Burkholderia And Serratia, Ram Nageena Singh, Raghvendra Pratap Singh, Anjana Sharma, Anil Kumar Saxena
Turkish Journal of Biology
Pyrrolnitrin is produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens and plays an important role in control of pathogenic fungi. The prnABCD gene cluster codes for enzymes involved in biosynthesis of pyrrolnitrin. Among the four genes, prnD is very important as it codes for arylamine N-oxygenase, the only biochemically characterized oxygenase involved in oxidation of the amino group of aminopyrrolnitrin to a nitro group to form pyrrolnitrin. A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens RajNB11 efficient for antifungal activity was found to produce pyrrolnitrin. The prnD gene product of P. fluorescens RajNB11 that catalyzes the final step of production of pyrrolnitrin was characterized in the present …
Tracking Coformulated Strains Of The Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria Bassiana And Metarhizium Anisopliae Using Scar Markers, Venkata Ravi Sankar Ummidi, Padmaja Vadlamani
Tracking Coformulated Strains Of The Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria Bassiana And Metarhizium Anisopliae Using Scar Markers, Venkata Ravi Sankar Ummidi, Padmaja Vadlamani
Turkish Journal of Biology
This article examines the development of strain-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) molecular markers in two strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as well as their use for tracking pathogens in coinfected insect pests. The markers were designed based on the polymorphic introns of the large subunit region of the ribosomal DNA. These markers were used to distinguish between two strains of Beauveria (B55 and B51) and two strains of Metarhizium (M20 and M48). The entomopathogenic strains demonstrated synergistic increase in mortality against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae when infected with the coformulated M. anisopliae strain M20 + B. …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles Integrated In Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers For Bionanotechnological Applications, Gamze Tan, Semran Sağlam, Ezgi̇ Emül, Demet Erdönmez, Necdet Sağlam
Synthesis And Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles Integrated In Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers For Bionanotechnological Applications, Gamze Tan, Semran Sağlam, Ezgi̇ Emül, Demet Erdönmez, Necdet Sağlam
Turkish Journal of Biology
Characterization and microbial growth activity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers (NFs) produced by an electrospinning technique containing different amounts of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated. AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (in different weight ratios) in PVA solution followed by electrospinning to produce PVA/AgNPs NFs. The properties of PVA/AgNPs NFs were studied as a function of the silver content. The morphology and distribution of NFs and AgNPs were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The size of NFs was 135-160 nm, and the size of AgNPs was 15-27 nm. TEM images clearly showed that spherical …
Cytotoxicity And Antiviral Activity Of Palladium(Ii) And Platinum(Ii) Complexes With 2-(Diphenylphosphino)Benzaldehyde 1-Adamantoylhydrazone, Vera Simic, Stoimir Kolarevic, Ilija Brceski, Dejan Jeremic, Branka Vukovic-Gacic
Cytotoxicity And Antiviral Activity Of Palladium(Ii) And Platinum(Ii) Complexes With 2-(Diphenylphosphino)Benzaldehyde 1-Adamantoylhydrazone, Vera Simic, Stoimir Kolarevic, Ilija Brceski, Dejan Jeremic, Branka Vukovic-Gacic
Turkish Journal of Biology
Metal coordination compounds have an important role in the development of novel drugs. Using the resazurin microtitration assay we assessed the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the ligand 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde 1-adamantoylhydrazone and its Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Cytotoxicity was tested in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. We observed that the ligand displayed a more pronounced cytotoxic activity than the platinum-based drug, carboplatin. Morphological evaluation of A549 cells treated with the ligand by acridine orange and ethidium bromide double staining revealed the presence of signs of apoptosis. Antiviral activity against poliovirus type 1 was assessed by examination of the cytopathic effect …
The Global Transcriptional Response Of A Raw Starch-Degrading Amylolytic Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strain To Oxygen Limitation And Genetic Modification, Ceyda Kasavi̇, Serpi̇l Eraslan, Ebru Toksoy Öner, Betül Kirdar
The Global Transcriptional Response Of A Raw Starch-Degrading Amylolytic Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strain To Oxygen Limitation And Genetic Modification, Ceyda Kasavi̇, Serpi̇l Eraslan, Ebru Toksoy Öner, Betül Kirdar
Turkish Journal of Biology
This study investigates the global transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain WTPB-G, which was developed by transforming laboratory strain FY23 with the pPB-G plasmid expressing the Bacillus subtilis α-amylase and the Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase as a fusion protein. Genome-wide analysis of transcript levels revealed the cellular mechanisms and the related pathways that were affected by the genetic modification, which conferred the ability of starch utilization to wild-type cells by the introduction of a plasmid-harboring gene encoding the amylolytic activity. Fermentations were carried out in media containing glucose as the only carbon source under aerated and microaerated conditions, and the effect …
Mechanisms Of Mrna Polyadenylation, Hizlan Hincal Ağuş, Ayşe Eli̇f Erson Bensan
Mechanisms Of Mrna Polyadenylation, Hizlan Hincal Ağuş, Ayşe Eli̇f Erson Bensan
Turkish Journal of Biology
mRNA 3'-end processing involves the addition of a poly(A) tail based on the recognition of the poly(A) signal and subsequent cleavage of the mRNA at the poly(A) site. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is emerging as a novel mechanism of gene expression regulation in normal and in disease states. APA results from the recognition of less canonical proximal or distal poly(A) signals leading to changes in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) lengths and even in some cases changes in the coding sequence of the distal part of the transcript. Consequently, RNA-binding proteins and/or microRNAs may differentially bind to shorter or longer isoforms. …
Epigenetic Regulation Of Brca1 Expression And Its Role Inbreast Cancer Stem Cell Development, Elena Shestakova
Epigenetic Regulation Of Brca1 Expression And Its Role Inbreast Cancer Stem Cell Development, Elena Shestakova
Turkish Journal of Biology
The tumor suppressor breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) plays an important role in maintaining the genome integrity, actively participating in DNA repair via homologous recombination. The level of functional final BRCA1 protein is precisely regulated in cells. Epigenetic regulation of BRCA1 gene expression is one of the most important mechanisms for BRCA1 level fine-tuning. In this review the main epigenetic mechanisms of BRCA1 expression regulation are presented, including DNA methylation, histone covalent modifications, and regulation with transcription factors. Another important function of BRCA1 emerging in recent years is its role in the regulation of breast cancer stem cell development. …
Myelin Disorders And Stem Cells: As Therapies And Models, Fatmagül İlayda Aydinli, Eşref Çeli̇k, Burcu Kurt Vatandaşlar, Bi̇lal Ersen Kerman
Myelin Disorders And Stem Cells: As Therapies And Models, Fatmagül İlayda Aydinli, Eşref Çeli̇k, Burcu Kurt Vatandaşlar, Bi̇lal Ersen Kerman
Turkish Journal of Biology
Myelin disorders burden millions of people around the world, yet existing therapies are inadequate to cure them. Current remedies commonly treat the symptoms with minimal to no effect on the actual cause of the disorder. The basis and/or the mechanism of demyelination is not known for many of the disorders either. In recent years, stem cells of variable origin have been used in clinical trials as transplant agents to restore the defective biochemical process or the damaged tissue. We summarize the outcomes of these trials for demyelination disorders. The capability of reprograming mature cells into stem cells equips researchers with …
Current Status Of Stem Cell Therapy: Opportunities And Limitations, Elena Rusu, Laura Georgiana Necula, Ana Iulia Neagu, Mihail Alecu, Cristian Stan, Radu Albulescu, Cristiana Pistol Tanase
Current Status Of Stem Cell Therapy: Opportunities And Limitations, Elena Rusu, Laura Georgiana Necula, Ana Iulia Neagu, Mihail Alecu, Cristian Stan, Radu Albulescu, Cristiana Pistol Tanase
Turkish Journal of Biology
Over recent years stem cells have stood out as a promising tool for regenerative medicine, providing alternative therapeutic solutions for a large number of diseases. Many clinical trials using stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are focused on the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs in degenerative diseases, whose current treatment only succeeds in slowing down the progression of the disease. Although the preliminary results are interesting, further studies are required in order to evaluate the safety and benefits of stem cell therapy, considering the teratoma development and ethical considerations in embryonic stem cell cases or reprogramming-induced …
The Heart Of The Matter: Cardiac Stem Cells, Esra Çağavi̇, Arzuhan Koç, Sevi̇lay Şahoğlu Göktaş
The Heart Of The Matter: Cardiac Stem Cells, Esra Çağavi̇, Arzuhan Koç, Sevi̇lay Şahoğlu Göktaş
Turkish Journal of Biology
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death in the world. Pharmacological and surgical approaches are the main treatment options for heart disease; however, heart transplantation may be the only option for advanced heart failure patients despite its limited nature. Recent advances enabled stem cell-based therapies to become a promising treatment approach for injured or weakened cardiac tissue. With the identification of resident and heart-specific stem cells in early 2000, new avenues of research have been opened to understand heart development, disease, and regeneration. In this review article, different cardiac stem cell subpopulations are classified and defined based on the …
Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Therapeutic Challenge, Erdoğan Pekcan Erkan, Ufuk Vurgun, Reşat Serhat Erbayraktar, Zübeyde Erbayraktar
Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Therapeutic Challenge, Erdoğan Pekcan Erkan, Ufuk Vurgun, Reşat Serhat Erbayraktar, Zübeyde Erbayraktar
Turkish Journal of Biology
The outcome for glioblastoma patients remains extremely poor, despite the advances in surgical and medical fields. It is hypothesized that glioblastoma progression, as well as tumor recurrence, is driven by a small number of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by their ability of self-renewal and proliferation, giving rise to progeny of transformation into multiple neuroepithelial lineages. Understanding the biology of CSCs is likely to explain why existing treatment strategies fail to affect the relatively quiescent and resistant CSC compartment. Here, we review the current knowledge on CSCs in glial tumors. In addition, we discuss the importance …
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Methods, Disease Modeling, And Microenvironment For Drug Discovery And Screening, Suresh Palamadai Krishnan
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Methods, Disease Modeling, And Microenvironment For Drug Discovery And Screening, Suresh Palamadai Krishnan
Turkish Journal of Biology
The raging ethical, religious, moral, political, and safety issues pertaining to the use of embryonic stem cells for therapy and research have prompted researchers to develop possibly better alternatives that are more efficacious and serve multiple purposes. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) developed by multiple methods provide an unparalleled source of cells that could be differentiated into progeny cells. In cell-based disease models the progeny cells mimic, at least in part, the pathology of the studied disease and are used to improve the mechanistic understanding of the pathology. Furthermore, these cells could be used to test the efficacy and safety …
Cancer Stem Cells: Lessons Learned From The Leukemic Stem Cells, Ayten Kandi̇lci̇
Cancer Stem Cells: Lessons Learned From The Leukemic Stem Cells, Ayten Kandi̇lci̇
Turkish Journal of Biology
Cancer is the second cause of death in Turkey and the frequency of cancer deaths increased from 12% in 2002 to 21% in 2009 ( Özkan et al., 2013). To win the war on cancer, we certainly need to apply well-planned prevention policies, given that it is caused mostly by environmental factors, and to develop more effective therapies. To achieve a cure for the disease, it is crucial to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to cancer and to therapeutically target all the factors playing a role in the initiation, progression, maintenance, and relapse of the disease, preferably in …
Epigenetics: The Guardian Of Pluripotency And Differentiation, Marta Gladych, Aleksandra Nijak, Paula Lota, Urszula Oleksiewicz
Epigenetics: The Guardian Of Pluripotency And Differentiation, Marta Gladych, Aleksandra Nijak, Paula Lota, Urszula Oleksiewicz
Turkish Journal of Biology
Multicellular organisms comprise a variety of cell types that have the same genotype but distinct phenotypes. This diversity is possible because of the establishment of a specific epigenetic landscape that stabilizes gene expression profiles that are exclusive for a particular cell type. Accumulating data indicate that the maintenance, loss, and reacquisition of pluripotency are dynamically regulated by epigenetic alterations evoked by a subset of cellular factors. A better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in stem cell biology and differentiation will improve our ability to use these cells in the clinical context. Here we review current insights into the epigenetic …
Epigenetic Regulation Of Specific Transcription Factors In Osteogenicdifferentiation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Milad Zadi Heydarabad, Mousa Vatanmakanian, Mina Nikasa, Majid Farshdousti Hagh
Epigenetic Regulation Of Specific Transcription Factors In Osteogenicdifferentiation Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Milad Zadi Heydarabad, Mousa Vatanmakanian, Mina Nikasa, Majid Farshdousti Hagh
Turkish Journal of Biology
An abundance of experiments have been performed to clarify the differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Osteogenic differentiation and in vitro conditions favoring these cell lineages have attracted the attention of many researchers. Moreover, the gene expression profile during MSC differentiation toward its main specialized cells (bone, cartilage, and adipose cells) has been mostly understood. In the last decades another layer of investigation has attempted to clarify the epigenetic mechanisms underlying MSC differentiation into its specialized cells. It has been shown that as MSCs progress through the differentiation process, more nonspecific genes undergo DNA methylation to prevent differentiation into …
Human Embryonic Stem Cell N-Glycan Features Relevant To Pluripotency, Sabi̇re Karaçali
Human Embryonic Stem Cell N-Glycan Features Relevant To Pluripotency, Sabi̇re Karaçali
Turkish Journal of Biology
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proliferate indefinitely in the undifferentiated state (self-renewal) and differentiate into the three germ layers (and ultimately into all cell types) (pluripotency). Branching in the N-glycan core of hESCs/hiPSCs is limited. hESCs/hiPSCs have high mannose-type and biantennary complex-type core structures, indicating immature stages of N-glycoproteins. The two branches on the core consist of type 2 N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), completed mainly with α 2,6-linked sialic acid. Complex terminal fucosylation, particularly α 1,2-linked fucosylation, is another characteristic N-glycosylation feature of hESCs/hiPSCs. All of these structural features are probably associated with the …
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Special Focus On Tracking Limbal Stem Cells, Santhosh Kacham, Bhaskar Birru, Sreenivasa Rao Parcha, Ramaraju Baadhe
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Special Focus On Tracking Limbal Stem Cells, Santhosh Kacham, Bhaskar Birru, Sreenivasa Rao Parcha, Ramaraju Baadhe
Turkish Journal of Biology
The cornea, the transparent part of the eye that helps in the formation of images, has multiple layers. Among them, the superficial epithelial layer is protected and maintained homeostatically by the limbus, located in the periphery of the cornea. Limbal stem cells are located at the basal layer of the limbus and the loss of these cells is called limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). LSCD is characterized by corneal vascularization, inflammation, and conjunctivalization, which ultimately lead to blindness. Several clinical transplantation procedures used for the treatment of LSCD are cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation, simple limbal epithelial transplantation, and cultured oral …
Comparison Of The Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity Of Adipose Tissuederived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Humans And Rats, Seçi̇l Erden Tayhan, Şeyma Taşdemi̇r, Sai̇me İsmet Deli̇loğlu Gürhan, Erol Mi̇r
Comparison Of The Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity Of Adipose Tissuederived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Humans And Rats, Seçi̇l Erden Tayhan, Şeyma Taşdemi̇r, Sai̇me İsmet Deli̇loğlu Gürhan, Erol Mi̇r
Turkish Journal of Biology
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be found in many types of adult tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose, placenta, liver, and periosteum. Recently, adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) have become one the most preferred MSC types because of their fast proliferation rate, abundance, and high plasticity for variable cell types. It is known that ADMSCs are able to differentiate into various cells, including osteoblasts, so they are quite promising for orthopedic clinical trials. The present study aimed to compare the osteogenic differentiation conditions of MSCs from human adipose tissue (hADMSC) and those of MSCs from rat adipose tissue (rADMSC). Therefore, …